人教版版八年级下册英语一至三单元知识点(共10页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 1 Whats the matter? 1.What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？ matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词with连用。即：Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What hap

2、pens to sb.?2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词，意为 太. ，t

3、oo much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7.sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.8. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； n

4、eed to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.9. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车10. agree 同意，赞同;agree with sth. 同意某事agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 12. be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦 ，have trouble (in) doing

5、sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做.有麻烦。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。14.【复习】 advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.15. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.1

6、6. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。17. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态； His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the mo

7、rning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.18. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物:sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人:sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last

8、 night.19. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 20. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的21. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定 ; make a decision to do s

9、th.= decide to do sth. 。22. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中23.mind意为 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window?24. give up (doi年g) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games

10、；二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数 人称 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite

11、 herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself摔伤自己

12、say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己提醒1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用

13、ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. c

14、heer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分发；散发=hand out.The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school stu

15、dy program.5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。 6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很

16、强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事 【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的 【副词】carefully 仔细地 8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛

17、such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions多么重要的建议such delicious food多么美味的食物 如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用，试验10. journey （尤指长途）旅行行程；trip多指短途旅行；tr

18、avel travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 12. try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事 14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹

19、钱 raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能， make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为； think/find it +形容词to do sth. 18. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，differen

20、ce前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog21.

21、be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。23. change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零 change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【动词】修

22、理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。 Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry

23、, I cant2、take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间； 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞3.Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗1.do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 2.do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生结构3.do o

24、nes + 名词 do ones homework 做家庭作业4.do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物4、 Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1】Could I do sth? 我可以做.吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】at least 至少，。(反) at most 至少，不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour

25、 a day and outside school.3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock?5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time.

26、【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others. 6、Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？take 的用法： 1.拿 取 Please take some books to the classroom.2. 吃，喝服用 Take this medicine three times a day.

27、3.乘They usually take the bus to work. 4.花费时间/金钱It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来 take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视

28、机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there.【解析2】 in front of 指在物体外部的【记】The policeman stood _in front of_ the car. in the front of 指在物体内部的前面The driver sat _in the front of_ the car.有the无the区别大 at table 吃饭；进餐 at the table 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hosp

29、ital 在医院（不一定看病）come 短语 ：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点 come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！al

30、l the time = always 8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！ 【解析】as.as . 和.一样.9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不 neither nor 既不也不, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不则用 “Nei

31、ther /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主” The first one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do s

32、th 发现做某事很困难 She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself. 11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地 surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊12. “ Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to sha

33、re the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”我回答说。【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = dont have to 没有必要 (2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回

34、答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物 (All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match.13. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other stude

35、nts. v 通过；路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、 Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？(1) borrow ,与from 连用，尤指主语“借进来”borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2) lend ,与to 搭配指借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物

36、借给某人He doesnt want to lend his book to others.(3) (3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】 I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend_ it to me, because Tom had _kept_ it for two days.16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。(1

37、)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room. 18.Could

38、 I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help寻求帮助19.Ill finish my

39、 homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock?【解析2】while conj. “在期间； 当的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析3】help sb. with sth.

40、在某事上帮助某人。help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在的帮助之下1.I think reading is very helpful.2.Without your help, we couldnt catch the thief.20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解

41、析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地21.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得 (1) make sb/

42、sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 22.They dont have time to study and do housework，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of

43、money 浪费金 waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。in order to 目的是；为了后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事He ran quickly in order not to be la

44、te for the meeting.【解析2】get into =enter 进入 【拓展】与get相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for +n.为做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall

45、asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着) 25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so theres no need for them to do it now. 而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。 get/ become/ go辨析： get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer. become 强调变化的结果 Its becoming colder and colder.go+adj.表示令人不快的事情go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿26. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =pro