肺功能临床应用.ppt
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1、肺功能测定的临床应用首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院王浩彦肺功能测定内容及质控肺功能障碍类型临床应用肺功能测定内容肺通气功能肺通气功能 VC,FVC,FEV1,MEFRVC,FVC,FEV1,MEFR肺容量肺容量 RV,TLCRV,TLC肺弥散功能肺弥散功能 DLco,DLco/VADLco,DLco/VA血气分析血气分析气道激发试验气道激发试验心肺运动试验心肺运动试验Normal Trace Showing FEV1 and FVC1234561234Volume,litersTime,secondsFVC51FEV1=4LFVC =5LFEV1/FVC=0.8流速容积环 Flow l/sVol
2、ume lFEV 1InspirationExpirationPIFFIF 50FVCFEF 75FEF 50FEF 25PEF1 s肺容量Performing SpirometryBreath in until the lungs are fullHold the breath and seal the lips tightly around a clean mouthpieceBlast the air out as forcibly and fast as possible.Provide lots of encouragement!Continue blowing until the
3、lungs feel emptyWatch the patient during the blow to assure the lips are sealed around the mouthpieceCheck to determine if an adequate trace has been achievedRepeat the procedure at least twice more until ideally 3 readings within 200 ml are obtained Performing SpirometryFlow Volume CurveExpiratory
4、flow rateL/sec Volume(L)FVCMaximum expiratory flow(PEF)Inspiratory flow rateL/secRVTLCSpirometry-Quality ControlMost common cause of inconsistent readings is poor patient technique Sub-optimal inspiration Sub-maximal expiratory effort Delay in forced expiration Shortened expiratory time Air leak aro
5、und the mouthpieceSubjects must be observed and encouraged throughout the procedureUnacceptable Trace-Poor EffortVolume,litersTime,secondsMay be accompanied by a slow start Inadequate sustaining of effortVariable expiratory effortNormalVolume,litersTime,secondsUnacceptable Trace Stop EarlyNormalVolu
6、me,litersTime,secondsUnacceptable Trace Slow StartNormalVolume,litersTime,secondsUnacceptable Trace-CoughingNormalVolume,litersTime,secondsUnacceptable Trace Extra BreathNormal正常参考值 肺通气肺通气 VCVC和和FVCFVC的差异的差异应在应在200ml200ml以内以内 FEV1/FVC70%,FEV1/FVC70%,老年人老年人65-70%65-70%FEV1,FVC 80FEV1,FVC 80预计值预计值 FEF
7、FEF25257575 50 50预计值预计值 SGaw0.1 L/sec/cmHSGaw0.1 L/sec/cmH2 2O/LO/L 肺容量肺容量 TLC 80TLC 80预计值预计值 RV/TLC40%RV/TLC 80 80预计值预计值肺功能障碍类型阻塞性通气功能障碍限制性通气功能障碍混合性通气功能障碍弥散功能障碍阻塞性通气功能障碍FEV1/VCFEV1/VC70%如果如果FEV1/VCFEV1/VC临界异临界异常,常,FEFFEF25257575 65%65%可帮助确认气道阻塞可帮助确认气道阻塞限制性通气功能障碍TLCTLC%80%80%预计值预计值 FEVFEV1:1:%80%80%
8、预计值预计值 FVC:%80%FVC:%0.7/VC:0.7混合性通气功能障碍TLC%80%预计值FEV1/VC70%弥散功能障碍DLco 80%DLco 80%预计值预计值DLco/VDLco/VA A80%80%预计值预计值弥散功能障碍DLco 80%DLco 80%预计值预计值DLco/VDLco/VA A80%80%预计值预计值临床应用诊断、监测病情、评价疗效 哮喘哮喘 COPDCOPD 肺间质疾病肺间质疾病 肺血管疾病肺血管疾病呼吸困难的鉴别诊断手术风险评估哮喘的肺功能诊断哮喘的肺功能诊断气流受限 FEV1 FEV1/FVC PEFFEV1 FEV1/FVC PEF Reversib
9、ilityReversibility VariabilityVariabilityHyperresponsitiveness气流受限的可逆性 FEV1/FVC75%FEV1/FVC20%20%气道高反应性气道高反应性 反应气道对诱发物反应气道对诱发物(triggers)(triggers)的敏感的敏感(sensitivity)(sensitivity)更容易反应,即药物剂量更容易反应,即药物剂量反应曲线左移反应曲线左移 反应程度更高,即药物剂反应程度更高,即药物剂量量反应曲线的最大反应反应曲线的最大反应平台增高或不出现平台平台增高或不出现平台 SensitiveSensitive Limite
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- 功能 临床 应用
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