汽轮机设备及运行.ppt
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1、The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering汽轮机设备及运行汽轮机设备及运行华北电力大学动力系华北电力大学动力系 刘树华刘树华The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering汽轮机基本工作原理汽轮机基本工作原理The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering汽轮机的级汽轮机的级-由一列喷嘴由一列喷嘴叶栅和其后紧邻的一列
2、动叶栅叶栅和其后紧邻的一列动叶栅构成的工作单元。构成的工作单元。通流部分通流部分-汽轮机本体做功汽轮机本体做功汽流通道称为汽轮机的通流部汽流通道称为汽轮机的通流部分,它包括主汽门,导管,调分,它包括主汽门,导管,调节汽门,进汽室,各级喷嘴和节汽门,进汽室,各级喷嘴和动叶及汽轮机的排汽管。动叶及汽轮机的排汽管。The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering汽汽流流流流动动演演示示The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engi
3、neering蒸汽热力学能蒸汽热力学能喷嘴喷嘴(nozzle)(nozzle)降压增速降压增速汽流的动能汽流的动能动叶动叶(blade)(blade)转子的旋转机械能转子的旋转机械能级的工作过程级的工作过程汽流改变方向汽流改变方向(冲动原理冲动原理)汽流降压增速汽流降压增速(反动原理反动原理)The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering蒸汽膨胀增速的条件蒸汽膨胀增速的条件有合理的汽流通道结构有合理的汽流通道结构蒸汽需具有一定的可用热能且有压差存在蒸汽需具有一定的可用热能且有压差存在动、静叶栅几何参数
4、动、静叶栅几何参数平均直径平均直径dmdm,叶片高度,叶片高度l(l(图中未反映)图中未反映)叶栅节距叶栅节距t t叶栅通道进口宽度叶栅通道进口宽度a a出口宽度出口宽度a1a1和和a2a2叶型弦长叶型弦长b b出口边厚度出口边厚度叶栅宽度叶栅宽度B B出口汽流角出口汽流角The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power
5、 engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering(a a)先扩压后转向)先扩压后转向 (b b)先转向后扩压)先转向后扩压The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe De
6、partment Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power en
7、gineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringshB1P=1.62MPaP=2.45MPaP=3.43MPat=320t=295t=262P02=8.58MPaP01=12.8MPaP0=17.2MPat0=540B2A1A2D2A3D3D1C2B3C3The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringThe Departme
8、nt Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering第二部分第二部分汽轮机设备汽轮机设备The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering第一章第一章 东方汽轮机厂东方汽轮机厂300MW300MW机组概述机组概述汽轮机型号汽轮机型号N300-16.67/537/537-8N300-16.67/537/537-8机组型式机组型式亚临界、单轴、双缸双排亚临界、单轴、双缸双排汽、一次再热、冲动凝汽汽、一次再热、冲动凝汽式汽轮机式汽轮机旋转方向旋转方
9、向顺时针(从汽轮机向发电顺时针(从汽轮机向发电机看)机看)主蒸汽最大进汽量主蒸汽最大进汽量t/ht/h10251025主蒸汽额定进汽量主蒸汽额定进汽量t/ht/h899.6899.6TRLTRL工况工况MWMW300300VWOVWO工况工况MWMW333333y1y2东方汽轮机厂东方汽轮机厂N300-16.7/537/537-8N300-16.7/537/537-8型型The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringTMCRTMCR工况工况MWMW312.8312.8主蒸汽压力主蒸汽压力MPaMPa1
10、6.6716.67主蒸汽温度主蒸汽温度537537再热蒸汽压力再热蒸汽压力MPaMPa3.1813.181再热蒸汽温度再热蒸汽温度537537配汽方式配汽方式喷嘴配汽喷嘴配汽+节流配汽节流配汽设计冷却水温度设计冷却水温度2121末级动叶片高度末级动叶片高度851mm851mm末级叶片排汽面积末级叶片排汽面积m m2 226.6926.69汽轮机总内效率汽轮机总内效率%90.6190.61高压缸效率高压缸效率%84.9284.92中压缸效率中压缸效率%92.2892.28第一章第一章 绪论绪论The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of
11、 power engineering第一章第一章 绪论绪论低压缸效率低压缸效率%90.9190.91通流级数通流级数级级2727高压缸高压缸级级I+8I+8中压缸中压缸级级6 6低压缸低压缸级级2626轴振动轴振动X X、Y Y方向最大值方向最大值mmmm0.0760.076最低允许真空最低允许真空kPakPa7878低压缸最高允许排汽温度低压缸最高允许排汽温度110110盘车转速盘车转速rpmrpm4.294.29低压缸末级叶片长度低压缸末级叶片长度mmmm851851高中压转子脆性转变温度高中压转子脆性转变温度(FATTFATT)121121The Department Of power
12、engineeringThe Department Of power engineering低压转子脆性转变温度低压转子脆性转变温度(FATTFATT)2727发电机转子临界转速发电机转子临界转速rpmrpm13991399高中压转子临界转速高中压转子临界转速rpmrpm16791679低压转子临界转速低压转子临界转速rpmrpm17531753给水泵拖动方式给水泵拖动方式1100%B1100%BMCRMCR汽动泵汽动泵150%B150%BMCRMCR电动泵备用电动泵备用250%B250%BMCRMCR汽动泵汽动泵150%B150%BMCRMCR电动泵备用电动泵备用第一章第一章 绪论绪论铭牌工
13、况铭牌工况(TRL)(TRL):相关名词解释:相关名词解释:The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering第一章第一章 绪论绪论汽轮发电机组能在下列条件下安全连续运行,发电机输汽轮发电机组能在下列条件下安全连续运行,发电机输出额定出额定(铭牌铭牌)功率为功率为300MW(300MW(此功率已扣除采用自并励静此功率已扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功率止励磁所需的功率),此工况称为铭牌工况,此工况称为铭牌工况(TRL)(TRL),此工,此工况下的进汽量称为铭牌进汽量,此工况为出力保证值的况下的进汽量称为铭牌
14、进汽量,此工况为出力保证值的验收工况:验收工况:(1)(1)额定的主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数,所规定的汽水品质;额定的主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数,所规定的汽水品质;(2)(2)平均背压为平均背压为11.8kPa(a)11.8kPa(a);(3)(3)补给水率为补给水率为3%3%;(4)(4)额定给水温度;额定给水温度;(5)(5)回热系统全部正常投入运行;回热系统全部正常投入运行;(6)(6)给水泵正常投入运行;给水泵正常投入运行;(7)(7)发电机效率发电机效率98.898.8、额定氢压、功率因数、额定氢压、功率因数0.850.85。The Department Of power engineering
15、The Department Of power engineering第一章第一章 绪论绪论热耗率验收工况热耗率验收工况(THA)(THA):当机组功率当机组功率(此功率已扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功此功率已扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功率率)为为300MW300MW时,除进汽量以外其它条件同时,除进汽量以外其它条件同TMCRTMCR工况时,工况时,称为机组的热耗率验收工况称为机组的热耗率验收工况(THA)(THA)。(4)(4)其它条件同其它条件同TRLTRL工况中工况中 (4)(4)到到(7)(7)条。条。汽轮机进汽量等于铭牌工况(汽轮机进汽量等于铭牌工况(TRLTRL)进汽量,在下列条
16、件)进汽量,在下列条件下安全连续运行,此工况下发电机输出的功率下安全连续运行,此工况下发电机输出的功率(此功率已此功率已扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功率扣除采用自并励静止励磁所需的功率),称为最大连续出,称为最大连续出力,此工况称为最大连续出力工况力,此工况称为最大连续出力工况(T-MCR)(T-MCR):(1)(1)额定的主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数,所规定的汽水品质;额定的主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数,所规定的汽水品质;(2)(2)平均背压平均背压5.39kPa(a)5.39kPa(a);(3)(3)补给水率为补给水率为0%0%;最大连续出力工况最大连续出力工况(T-MCR)(T-MCR):The Dep
17、artment Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineeringVWOVWO工况:工况:汽轮发电机组能在调门全开(汽轮发电机组能在调门全开(VWOVWO),其它条件同),其它条件同TMCRTMCR工况时,汽轮机进汽量保证不小于工况时,汽轮机进汽量保证不小于1.051.05倍铭牌进汽量,倍铭牌进汽量,此工况称为此工况称为VWOVWO工况。工况。项目项目TRLTRL工况工况T-MCRT-MCR工况工况 VWOVWO工况工况THATHA工况工况出力出力kWkW3000023000023128413128413328393328393000
18、01300001热耗值热耗值kJ/kW.hkJ/kW.h81128112787478747885788578767876再热蒸汽压力再热蒸汽压力 MPa(a)MPa(a)3.2943.2943.3193.3193.5683.5683.1653.165主蒸汽流量主蒸汽流量t/ht/h947.400947.400947.400947.4001025.0001025.000899.995899.995再热蒸汽流量再热蒸汽流量t/ht/h779.408779.408784.031784.031844.107844.107747.194747.194排汽压力排汽压力kPakPa11.8011.805.3
19、95.395.395.395.395.39The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering排汽流量排汽流量t/ht/h568.849568.849567.342567.342605.082605.082543.447543.447补给水率补给水率%3 30 00 00 0末级高加出口给末级高加出口给水温度水温度275.6275.6275.9275.9281.0281.0272.7272.7抽汽抽汽级级数数抽汽口位抽汽口位置置流量流量t/ht/h压力压力MPaMPa温度温度第一级(第一级(1 1号高号高加
20、)加)6 6级后级后64.0864.085.7745.774383383第二级(第二级(2 2号高号高加)加)9 9级后级后67.34767.3473.5343.534318.4318.4第三级(第三级(3 3号高号高加)加)1212级后级后35.96935.9691.6561.656439.1439.1The Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering第四级(除氧第四级(除氧器)器)1515级后级后21.01621.0160.80.8337.1337.1 第四级(小机第四级(小机厂供)厂供)1515级后
21、级后18.9018.900.7550.755332.7332.7第五级(第五级(5 5号低号低加)加)16/2216/22级后级后26.12126.1210.4680.468272.3272.3第六级(第六级(6 6号低号低加)加)17/2317/23级后级后24.00824.0080.260.26205.5205.5第七级(第七级(7 7号低号低加)加)18/2418/24级后级后24.4724.470.1370.137140.3140.3第八级(第八级(8 8号低号低加)加)19/2519/25级后级后49.99249.9920.0630.06387.387.3The Department
22、 Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering型式:亚临界中间再热两缸两排汽采暖抽汽凝汽式汽轮机型式:亚临界中间再热两缸两排汽采暖抽汽凝汽式汽轮机额定功率:额定功率:300MW300MW(ECRECR工况)工况)最大功率:最大功率:333.69MW333.69MW(VWOVWO工况)工况)额定蒸汽参数额定蒸汽参数新蒸汽:新蒸汽:(高压主汽阀前)(高压主汽阀前)16.67MPa/53716.67MPa/537再热蒸汽:(中压联合汽阀前)再热蒸汽:(中压联合汽阀前)3.129MPa/5373.129MPa/537背背 压:压:5.1
23、kPa5.1kPa(设计冷却水温(设计冷却水温2020)额定新汽流量:额定新汽流量:899.32t/h899.32t/h最大新汽流量:最大新汽流量:1025t/h1025t/h采暖抽汽压力范围:采暖抽汽压力范围:0.20.20.55MPa0.55MPa配汽方式:全电调(阀门管理)配汽方式:全电调(阀门管理)转向:从汽机向发电机方向看为顺时针方向转向:从汽机向发电机方向看为顺时针方向供热机型:供热机型:C300/237-16.7/0.39/537/537C300/237-16.7/0.39/537/537型型(合缸合缸)The Department Of power engineeringThe
24、 Department Of power engineering额定供热工况额定供热工况主蒸汽流量:主蒸汽流量:898.35t/h898.35t/h供热压力:供热压力:0.39MPa0.39MPa供热流量:供热流量:350t/h350t/h电机功率:电机功率:237.28MW237.28MW最大供热工况最大供热工况主蒸汽流量:主蒸汽流量:1025.0t/h1025.0t/h供热压力:供热压力:0.39MPa0.39MPa供热流量:供热流量:550t/h550t/h电机功率:电机功率:243.376MW243.376MW 轴系临界转速(计算值)轴系临界转速(计算值)QFSN-300-2-20BQ
25、FSN-300-2-20B型电机型电机 第一阶:(发电机转子一阶)第一阶:(发电机转子一阶)1397r/min1397r/min第二阶:(高中压转子一阶)第二阶:(高中压转子一阶)1640r/min1640r/minThe Department Of power engineeringThe Department Of power engineering第三阶:(低压转子一阶)第三阶:(低压转子一阶)1750r/min1750r/min第四阶:(发电机转子二阶)第四阶:(发电机转子二阶)3539r/min3539r/min第五阶:(低压转子二阶)第五阶:(低压转子二阶)3698r/min369
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