管理者与管理的变化.ppt
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1、Fundamentals of managementFundamentals of management 管理学原理How to Learn Management Communication each otherCommunication each otherGroup discussion Group discussion TextbookTextbookTesting and examination Testing and examination Chapter 1 manager and managementmanager and management第一章第一章 管理者与管理管理者与管
2、理Important concepts主要概念nWhat is organization?n nThree common Three common characteristics:characteristics:n nPurposePurposen nMemberMembern nSystematic structureSystematic structure nWhat is management?n nThree common Three common factors:factors:n nProcessProcessn nPeoplePeoplen nEffective and Effe
3、ctive and efficient efficient Discussion 讨论讨论n n19611961年,日本松下公司的山田电器厂遇年,日本松下公司的山田电器厂遇到了一个开关质量难题。实际上,这个到了一个开关质量难题。实际上,这个开关的装配操作很简单:从装有许多弹开关的装配操作很简单:从装有许多弹簧的盒内每次取出两个装入开关,再装簧的盒内每次取出两个装入开关,再装上按钮。让山田厂长困惑的是,无论采上按钮。让山田厂长困惑的是,无论采取什么质量管理方法,都不能使工人避取什么质量管理方法,都不能使工人避免偶尔忘记装入弹簧。免偶尔忘记装入弹簧。n n你能帮助山田厂长解决这个难题吗?你能帮助山
4、田厂长解决这个难题吗?Answering Answering 答案答案n n日本管理专家新江滋生建议稍稍改变一日本管理专家新江滋生建议稍稍改变一下操作程序:下操作程序:n n每次从弹簧盒里取出两个弹簧放进一个每次从弹簧盒里取出两个弹簧放进一个小盘内,再从小盘中取出弹簧装入开关,小盘内,再从小盘中取出弹簧装入开关,若装配后盘内留有弹簧,工人便能立即若装配后盘内留有弹簧,工人便能立即意识到发生漏装,予以纠正。意识到发生漏装,予以纠正。n n质量保证了,效率却下降了,你认为值质量保证了,效率却下降了,你认为值得吗?得吗?Assessment by yourself自我评估自我评估n nDescrib
5、e your organizationn nEfficiency?n nEffectiveness?n nSuccessful?Important concepts主要概念nManagersManagersn nIndividuals in an Individuals in an organization who organization who direct the activities of direct the activities of others others n nOperativesn nPeople who work People who work directly on
6、a job or directly on a job or task and have no task and have no responsibility for responsibility for overseeing the work overseeing the work of others of others Discussion 讨论讨论Mintzbergs roles 明茨伯格角色论明茨伯格角色论n nInterpersonal Interpersonal 人际关系人际关系n nFigurehead Figurehead 形象首脑:形象首脑:形象首脑:形象首脑:n n 接待访问
7、者,签署法律文件接待访问者,签署法律文件接待访问者,签署法律文件接待访问者,签署法律文件 n nLeader Leader 领导者:领导者:领导者:领导者:n n 激励下属,调配和培训人员激励下属,调配和培训人员激励下属,调配和培训人员激励下属,调配和培训人员n nLiaison Liaison 联络者:联络者:联络者:联络者:n n 维护外部形象,提供信息维护外部形象,提供信息维护外部形象,提供信息维护外部形象,提供信息 Informational 信息沟通信息沟通n nMonitor 信息收集人信息收集人n n 阅读报刊和报告,保持私人接触阅读报刊和报告,保持私人接触阅读报刊和报告,保持私
8、人接触阅读报刊和报告,保持私人接触n nDisseminator 信息传播者信息传播者n n 沟通交流信息,解释和说明情况沟通交流信息,解释和说明情况沟通交流信息,解释和说明情况沟通交流信息,解释和说明情况n nSpokesperson 发言人发言人n n 新闻发布,通报事项新闻发布,通报事项新闻发布,通报事项新闻发布,通报事项Decisional 决策决策n nEntrepreneur 企业家企业家n n 制定战略,控制执行过程制定战略,控制执行过程制定战略,控制执行过程制定战略,控制执行过程 n nDisturbance handler 意外处理者意外处理者n n 重大意外,危机动乱的处理
9、重大意外,危机动乱的处理重大意外,危机动乱的处理重大意外,危机动乱的处理n nResource allocator 资源分配者资源分配者n n 调度、安排、授权处理人财物调度、安排、授权处理人财物调度、安排、授权处理人财物调度、安排、授权处理人财物n nNegotiator 谈判者谈判者n n 与合作者、竞争者、工会的谈判与合作者、竞争者、工会的谈判与合作者、竞争者、工会的谈判与合作者、竞争者、工会的谈判问题?问题?n nWhat is different roles between top level manager and middle or lower level manager?n n
10、What kinds of manager role did you have played in your organization?n nDo you often find confusion of manager roles in your organization?n nWhy?Do you think it is reasonable?Important concepts主要概念主要概念n nProcess approach:n n based on planning,organizing,leading,controllingbased on planning,organizing
11、,leading,controllingbased on planning,organizing,leading,controllingbased on planning,organizing,leading,controllingn nSystems approach:n n closed and opened systems,organization is influenced by closed and opened systems,organization is influenced by closed and opened systems,organization is influe
12、nced by closed and opened systems,organization is influenced by and does interact with its environmentand does interact with its environmentand does interact with its environmentand does interact with its environmentn nContingency approach:n nBased on intuitively logical and variable situationsBased
13、 on intuitively logical and variable situationsBased on intuitively logical and variable situationsBased on intuitively logical and variable situations 解决变化中的难题解决变化中的难题n n激励制度往往会发生效能递减趋势,特别是在环境发激励制度往往会发生效能递减趋势,特别是在环境发激励制度往往会发生效能递减趋势,特别是在环境发激励制度往往会发生效能递减趋势,特别是在环境发生迅速变化的今天更是这样。在某一企业中,以前的生迅速变化的今天更是这样。在
14、某一企业中,以前的生迅速变化的今天更是这样。在某一企业中,以前的生迅速变化的今天更是这样。在某一企业中,以前的激励不能发生有效的作用了,于是,试行了申报激励激励不能发生有效的作用了,于是,试行了申报激励激励不能发生有效的作用了,于是,试行了申报激励激励不能发生有效的作用了,于是,试行了申报激励的制度。一位会计向企业申报了奖励:他将在的制度。一位会计向企业申报了奖励:他将在的制度。一位会计向企业申报了奖励:他将在的制度。一位会计向企业申报了奖励:他将在1993199319931993年年年年12121212月实施,而在月实施,而在月实施,而在月实施,而在1994199419941994年年年年2
15、 2 2 2月发生支付的一项款记入了月发生支付的一项款记入了月发生支付的一项款记入了月发生支付的一项款记入了1993199319931993年年年年12121212月的账上,为企业减少了月的账上,为企业减少了月的账上,为企业减少了月的账上,为企业减少了300300300300多万元的增值税多万元的增值税多万元的增值税多万元的增值税支出。因而申请企业按规定奖给他支出。因而申请企业按规定奖给他支出。因而申请企业按规定奖给他支出。因而申请企业按规定奖给他30303030万元。于是,企万元。于是,企万元。于是,企万元。于是,企业领导层对此申报产生了争论,到底该不该奖励?业领导层对此申报产生了争论,到底
16、该不该奖励?业领导层对此申报产生了争论,到底该不该奖励?业领导层对此申报产生了争论,到底该不该奖励?n n你能帮助企业解决这个难题吗?你能帮助企业解决这个难题吗?你能帮助企业解决这个难题吗?你能帮助企业解决这个难题吗?n n提升了他的职务,没有给予奖励,取消了申报奖励制提升了他的职务,没有给予奖励,取消了申报奖励制提升了他的职务,没有给予奖励,取消了申报奖励制提升了他的职务,没有给予奖励,取消了申报奖励制度。度。度。度。Chapter 2 the change face of management第二章第二章 管理的变化管理的变化Important concepts Civilization
17、wavesCivilization wavesagricultural industrial information next?Biotech or others?The change of managers idea in 1900 Two principles:Charity and Charity and Stewardship Stewardship Charity principle Business should give Business should give voluntary aid to societys needy persons and voluntary aid t
18、o societys needy persons and groups.Ways are philanthropic foundations,groups.Ways are philanthropic foundations,private initiatives to solve social problems.private initiatives to solve social problems.Stewardship principle Business,acting as a Business,acting as a public trustee,should consider th
19、e interests of public trustee,should consider the interests of all who are affected by business decisions and all who are affected by business decisions and policies.Ways are stakeholder approach to policies.Ways are stakeholder approach to corporate strategic planning,optimum long-corporate strateg
20、ic planning,optimum long-run profit rather than short-run profit,run profit rather than short-run profit,enlightened self-interest attitude.enlightened self-interest attitude.Question?How does an organization go global?Stage 1exportStage 2Hire foreign representativesContract with foreign businessSta
21、ge 3LicensingJoint-ventureBranch processdiscussionn Globalization Globalizationn Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrismn parochialism parochialismRight or Rowing n n企业已经缴纳教育附加税,因而没有义企业已经缴纳教育附加税,因而没有义务再资助办学。务再资助办学。n n援助灾民是企业的社会责任,因此,每援助灾民是企业的社会责任,因此,每一个企业都必须进行赈灾活动。一个企业都必须进行赈灾活动。n n在香烟外盒写上在香烟外盒写上“吸烟有害健康吸烟有害健康”是毫
22、是毫无意义的,因此是没有必要的。无意义的,因此是没有必要的。n n既然政府的规定是既然政府的规定是50%50%,宝洁公司就没有,宝洁公司就没有必要承诺必要承诺100%100%的使用再循环包装纸。的使用再循环包装纸。Differences nSocial responsibility Social responsibility nSocial obligationSocial obligationBusiness activities to improve societyBusiness activities to improve society-Economic growth and effi
23、ciencyEconomic growth and efficiency-EducationEducation-Employment and trainingEmployment and training-Civil rights and equal opportunityCivil rights and equal opportunity-Urban renewal and developmentUrban renewal and development-Pollution abatement Pollution abatement-Conservation and recreationCo
24、nservation and recreation-Culture and artCulture and art-Medical careMedical care-GovernmentGovernment discussn nHofstede s culture variablesn n Individualism and collectivism Individualism and collectivismn n Power distance Power distancen n Uncertainty avoidance Uncertainty avoidancen n Quantity o
25、f life and quality of life Quantity of life and quality of lifequestionquestionnDo you think there are other culture Do you think there are other culture differences between western differences between western countries and China?countries and China?Important concept n nManager and entrepreneurn n I
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