新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案.docx

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1、综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit 1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established Briti

2、sh quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and in Britain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to university and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008 - 2009 because the econo

3、mic downturn - then a recession - meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobs and then they found that it was difficult to findemployment in their field or at the level they wanted.The article addresses t

4、he problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parents to be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if they need help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployed

5、 at home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice to parents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates?Universi

6、ties in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitive situation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression

7、, which meant that there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be active to seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won t find employment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours decree: Traditio

8、nally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into two subcategories, written as Ilii and Ilii, which are called “a two one and a two two ), a third (written III) anda

9、 pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in NorthAmerica which

10、are given different informal names to characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after World War II (1946 - 1960), followed by uGeneration X” people (born 1960 - 1980) who were said to bring new attitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneur

11、ial, and expected to get skills and have a career before them. GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generationn (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the new millenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by doting parents, to have structured lives

12、, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic name referring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work - this may be the only work available to some graduates, who

13、may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something more suitable. Grunt“ also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig; when people “grunt“ they express disgust but do not communicate with words - this may be how the parents

14、of new graduates think their children communicate with them!A con屮rchcnsiv refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in thel960s. Before that there were academic grammar schools and more general secondary modern schools for those who did not pass the grammar school entrance t

15、ests, but the comprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backside off) to get to un

16、iversity, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic -comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Cliicken su This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like a giant chicken. Before he became a fa

17、mous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a job advertising for a restaurant called El Polio Loco (The Crazy ChickenJ in Spanish) - the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Th(so that he

18、could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son, s university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events - at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgotten because the parents

19、were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn t have a job and doesn t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents generat

20、ion who worked hard, got jobs, and had good careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt - he doesn t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn t get a job (or can only do a low status routing job).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they

21、 accused me of being too detached* and talking inlanguage that was too technocratic*, which I didn,t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews: They said he was detached (not personally involved)

22、 and too technocratic (he used the language of a technical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in his language so he can t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 chilling* before heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a

23、 routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill out all day (they spend their time casually relaxing - they don t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in the evening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university .(Para 6)He went to

24、 a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so he had to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backid( means your bottom - the part of your body that you sit on - to rk onr bcicksich is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 . but

25、having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she does not have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to gi

26、ve advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and dont allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve of emotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parentsJ money unnecessar

27、ily, nor let the problem take away all their energy and emotions. Sap their r( .en means use up their store of emotional energy.8 kfter that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back in

28、to control of their lives.Reading and understanding9 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (See below).1 Why hasn, t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn t have a very good degree.(No, he ha

29、s a 2:1 which is considered a good degree.)(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isn t easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but the passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to

30、stay at home and help his family. (No, he doesn t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches

31、TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didn t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and g

32、o to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has

33、 been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be like Jack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar. (No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack s parents helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has

34、tried to get a job himself; there s nothing here about his parents helping him look for a job.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say thatJack s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more f

35、inancially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after the trip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house. (No, they haven t threatened to do this, but they

36、definitely want him to work after he gets back from his trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jack s parents? (a) They have not really understood Jack s problems. (No, she doesn t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life too comfortable. This doesn t mean they

37、haven t understood Jack s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack. (No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn t necessarily mean that they have already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says the

38、y have struck exactly the right note.) (d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university. (No, we don t know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b) They to

39、ok part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No, we don t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right, although they all had completely different tem

40、porary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someon

41、e or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the c

42、orrect form of the words in Activity 3.It isn t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experien

43、ced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were

44、not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other ch

45、anges.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London, (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence, (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the off

46、ice, (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he, s an supporter of flexible working hours, (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn t got better completely, (healed)7 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no fu

47、ture?2 Isa tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you fee

48、l apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a k