2018小升初英语总复习.docx

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1、20XX小升初英语总复习、名词 表示某事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was ;最好不要根据some、any、alotof 等词去作判断,以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变复数形式：a .一般情况下,直接加一s （如:booA-booAs,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds ;读音:清辅 音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读。b .以 s.G.sh.ch 结尾，加-es ,5 :bus-buses,boG-boGes,brush-brushes,watch-watches ; 读音:iz.c 以辅音字母+y结尾，变 y

2、为 i,再加-es，如 family-families,strawberry-strawberries ; 读音：zed .以f 或 fe结尾,变 f 或fe 为 v,再加-es ,如:Anife-Anives , thief-thieves ;读音: z.e ,以结尾的词,分两种情况1）有生命的+es 读音：如:mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2）无生命的+s 读音：z如:photo-photosradio-radiosf.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-po

3、licewomen, snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之 间加上“量词+of . 例如:aglassofwater;apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice 判断步骤:/如是am、is或was一原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思一看be动词如是are或were一加s或es练练:1、写出下列

4、各词的复数。I him this her watch mango child photodiary day foot dress toothsheep boG strawberry thief engineer peachsandwich man woman leaf people2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。(1) Aretheretwo(boG)onthetable?(2 ) Icanseesome(people)inthecinema.(3 ) Howmany(day)arethereinaweeA?(4 ) Here refive(bottle)of (juice)foryou.(5

5、) This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere. 二、冠词冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为不定冠词和定冠词两 种。1、不定冠词:a、an，用在单数名词前,表示个,T牛。an用在以元音音素 开头的单词前。如:ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour.2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的 基本用法:(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:Themaponthewallisnew.(2 )表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如

6、:LooAatthepicture,please.(3 )表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.ThestampisbeautifuL(4 )用在表示世界上独无二的事物前。如:thesun太阳themoon月亮theearth地球(5 )用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:theGreatWall长城(6 )用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：theChangjiangRiver长江(7 )此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the如:thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass确

7、定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练:1、用a或an填空。 U ice-cream goalAeeperteapot appleoffice EnglishbooA umbrella unit hour2、根据需要,填写冠词a , an或theo(1) Whois girlbehind tree?(2 )oldmanhastwochildren,sonand daughter.(3 ) Thisis orange.orangeisLucy* s.(4 ) HeliAesplaying guitar.Wehave samehobby.(5 ) Weallhad goodtimelast

8、Sunday.(6 ) Shewantstobe doctor.三,数词我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日 期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有the;序数词前一定要有the。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上-。如:21twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如:101a/onehundredandone3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,一定别忘了它的复数形式。如:十八个男孩eighteenboys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。如:两碗米饭twobowlsofrice5、序数词一般加th，

9、特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 以及二十 及二十以外的整十:twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth .第几十几”:前面整十不变，后面几改 为序数词。如:88eighty-eighth练练:1、请翻译下列短语。(1)60名学生(2) 15本英语书(3)九杯凉水(4 )4个孩子(5) 12 月 31 (6) 6月 2 日(7)第九周(8 ) 40年前(9 ) 11+7( 10)上学第一天2、把下列基数词改成序数词。onetwo-threenine-fourteentwenty-thirty-five-eight

10、y-one四、代词代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多 用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表:单数复数人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhi

11、mheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练练:1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I （宾格）she （形容词性物主代词）we （名词性物主代词）he （复数）us （单数）theirs （主格）its （宾格）2、想一想,把下表补充完整。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meUSour第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirheritits3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1 ) Thatisnot Aite

12、.ThatAiteisverysmall,but isverybig.(I)2 ) Thedressis.Giveitto.(she)3 ) Isthis watch?(you)No,it, snot.(1)4 )ismybrother.nameisJacA.LooAiThosestampsare.(he)5 )dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare?(you)6 ) Show yourAite,OA?(they)7 ) Ihaveabeautifulcat.nameisMimi.ThesecaAesare.(it)8 ) Arethese ticAets?No,are

13、not.aren there.(they)9 ) Shall havealooAatthatclassroom?Thatis classroom.(we)10 )ismyaunt.DoyouAnow job?isanurse.(she)11 ) Whereare?Ican, tfind.Let scall parents.(they)12 ) Don ttouch.isnotacat,isatigeri(it)13 )sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee.(she)14 ) Thegirlbehind isourfriend.(she)五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某事物或人的

14、特征,副词表示某动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式: 原形、俄级、最高级。比较级:+er最高级:the.+est两个重要特征:as.as中间一定用原形,than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下:(1)一般直接+er。如:tall-tallefast-faster单音节词如果以e结尾,只加一r。如:late-later(2 )重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加一er。如： big-bigger;fat-fatter(3 )以辅音字母加一y结尾的词,变y为i,再加一er。如:heavy-heavier,early-earlier(4 )双音节和多音节词

15、的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful-morebeautiful, careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting(5 )有些不规则变化的,须逐一加以记忆。如:good/well-better;bad/ill-worse,many/much-more,far-farther/further,old-older/elde练练:1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfatlightstronghighfarlowearly

16、latewellfastslow2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。l)Icanswimas(fast)asthefish,IthinA.2)LooA!Hishandsare(big)thanmine.3)IthinAyoudothesethings(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis(heavy),yoursormine?5)DoesJimrunas( slow)asDavid?Yes,butMiAeruns(slow)thanthem.6) You ha veseve n boo As, butlha ve(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.

17、7)Ijump(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)F mvery(thin),butshe s(thin)thanme.9)Itgets and(warm)whenspringcomeshere.六、介词1、种虚词。不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语起构成介词短语,才能在句子 中起作用。有:in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof, from.to.,atthebacAof.2、表示时间的介词有:at,on,in. (1) at表示

18、在某个具体的时间点上,或用在固定词 组中。如:atten clocA,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweeAend. ( 2 ) on 表示在某日或某日的时间段”。 如:onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning. ( 3 ) in 表示在某一段时间(月份、季节)里。如:intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in20XX.3、in 词还有其他的固定搭配,如:inblue (穿着蓝色的衣服)，inEnglish (用英语表达), taAepartin (参加工练练：L选用括号内恰当的介词填空。l)W

19、hat sthis(at,on,in)English?2)Christmasis(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman(with,on,in)blacAisSuHai sfather.4)Hedoesn tdowell(at,on,in)PE.5)LooAatthosebirds(on,in)thetree.6)Wearegoingtomeet(at,on,in)thebusstop(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen, swritingpaperis(in,in

20、frontof)hercomputer.9)Welive(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。 l)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.3)TheyaretalAingtotheirplans.4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women, sDayisatthethirdofMarch.6)Icanjogtos

21、choolonthemorning. 7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytaAephotosinSundaymorning.lO)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就 是我们平时总说的那种动词I动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:先用一(量词(如:个、张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词; 说不通再用很去判断,就是把很和为个词连起来说,

22、说得通一般就是形容词;都说 不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、 情态动词等一下就可以知道)1、be 动词(am,is,are,was,were )1) amwas,is-was,are-were 口诀:我用am,你用a re, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not) long.Hereyesare(not)small.3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No

23、,youaren, t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren，t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis,No,itisn, t.4 ) be动词的否定形式:am not (没有缩写形式),arenot=aren, t, isnot=isn t0 用恰当的be动词填空。练练:1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1) I a boy.youaboy?No,I not.2 ) Thegirl JacAssister.3 ) Thedog tallandfat.4 ) Themanwithbigeyes ateacher.5 )yourbrotherinthec

24、lassroom?6 ) How yourfather?7 ) MiAeandLiuTao atschool.8 ) Whosedress this?9 ) WhosesocAs they?10 ) Who I?11 ) Thejeans onthedesA.12 ) Here ascarfforyou.13 ) Here somesweatersforyou.14 ) TheblacAgloves forSuYang.15 ) Thispairofgloves forYangLing.16 ) ThetwocupsofmilA forme.17 ) Sometea intheglass.18

25、 ) Gaoshansshirt overthere.19 ) Mysistersname Nancy.20 )DavidandHelenfromEngland?21) There agirlintheroom.22 ) There someapplesonthetree.23 )thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24 ) There somebreadontheplate.25 ) You,heandl fromChina.26 ) There aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomenintheparA.2、助动词(do,does,did

26、)do,does用于一般现在时,其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式:donot=don t,doesnot=doesn, t,didnot=didn* t.注意:在一般现在时中does用于第三人称单数其余一律用助动词do ;助动词do,does,did 后面一定要用动词原形。练1、用适当的助动词填空。1)youliAethismagazine?2)Thegirl liAebreadforbreaAfast.3)-What she attheweeAends?Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.4)-Wha youdola

27、stSunday?-Iwrotetomyfriend.5)DidyouseeaBeijingopera?-No,I.6)He notvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.7)They notliAeplayingvolleyball.8)JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?Yes,he.9)HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)HowmanyAites wehave?Wehaveten.2、找出下列句子中的错误,将序号填入题前括号内,并改正。()l)Didyouhadab

28、iglunchwithyourfamilylastSpringFestival?ABC()2)Whatdotheboyhaveinhispencil-boG?Hehasa rubber.ABC()3)Theydoesn tliAethefilm.ABC()4)DoJimgetupatsiGeveryday?ABC()5)DontgivingtheballtoLiuTao.ABC3、情态动词情态动词也是类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时 出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、could、shall, should, will, would、may、

29、might.musto注意:情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)其否定形式:cannot=can t,mustnot=mustn, t,.注意:maynot 和 shallnot (无缩写形式)练一练:选择填空。()l)Thesignonthewallmeansyou stayawayfromthebuilding.A.mustB.can tC.shouldnt()2)HowmanybooAs youseeonthedesA?A.mayB.canC.should()3)Itmeansyou maAenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB.shouldntC.can

30、()4)youliAeaglassofmilA?Yes,please.A.MayB.CouldC.Would()5)youseethesignoverthere?Sorry,lean( t.A.CanB.Can tC.Should()6)wegototheparAbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们 已学过它们的四种形式:原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、过去 式+ed。(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则:A、一般直接加s,如:play-plays,visit-

31、visits,speaA-speaAs ;B、以s , G , Msh , ch结尾时，加es,如:catch-catches,watch-watches ;C、以辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加es,如:carry-carries,study-studies。(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则:A、一般直接加ing,如:go-going,do-doing,looA-looAing ;B、以不发音的e结尾的单词,去e加ing,如:taAe-taAing,maAe-maAing,have-having ;C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加ing,如: put-p

32、utting,stop-stopping,run-running,get-getting,swim-swimming,sit-sitting,beg in-beginning,jogjoggingjorget-forgetting.(3 )过去式构成规则:A、一般直接加ed,如:plant-planted,visit-visited,picA-picAed ;B、以不发音字母e结尾,直接加ed ,: liAe-liAed,hope-hoped,taste-tasted ;C、以辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加ed,如: try-tried,carry-carried,study-studied

33、 ;D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母,再加ed,如：stop-stopped ;E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的,请记忆:是-am(be)-was-being ;是-are(be)-were-being ;是-be-was,were-being ;成为-become-became-becoming ;开始-begin-began-beginning ;弯曲 -bend-bent-bending ;吹-blow-blew-blowing ;买-buy-bought-buying ;能-can-could;捕捉-catch-caught-catching ;选择-choose-chose-choo

34、sing ;来-come-came-coming ; W-cut-cut-cutting ;做-do,does-did-doing ;画-draw-drew-drawing ;饮 -drinA-dranA-drinAing ;吃-eat-ate-eating ;感觉-feel-felt-feeling ;发现 -find-found-finding ;飞-fly-flew-flying ;忘记-forqet-forgot-forgetting ;彳导至Qet-got-getting ;给-qive-gave-giving ;走go-went-going ;成长 -grow-grew-growi

35、ng ;有-have,has-had-having ;听-hear-heard-hearing ;受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting ;保持 -Aeep-Aept-Aeeping ;知道一Anow-Anew-Anowing ;学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning ;允许,让 -let-let-letting ;躺-lie-lay-lying ;制造maAe-made-maAing ;可以-may-might;意味-mean-meant-meaning ;会见 -meet-met-meeting ;必须-must-must;放置-put-put-putting

36、;读-read-read-reading ;骑、乘-ride-rode-riding ;响、鸣ring-rang-ringing ;跑-run-ran-running ;说-say-said-saying ;看见 -see-saw-seeing ;将-shall-should ;唱歌-sing-sang-singing ;坐 卜-sit-sat-sitting ;睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping ;说-speaA-spoAe-speaAing ;度过-spend-spent-spending。练练:1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。d ri nA go stay maAe looA

37、 havepass carry comewatch plant flystudy b ru s h d o teac h ta Ae see2、写出下列动词的现在分词。put g ivefly get da nee sit ru nplant taAe swi m asA stop taAewrite have smoAe t hinA wa ntte II3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam fly plant are drinA play gomaAe does dance worry asA tasteeat draw put throw AicA pass do4、用动词的适当形式填空。

38、(1)I toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften toschoolwithme.Yesterdaywe toschooltogether.WeliAetoschoolverymuch.(go)(2 ) Theyusually lunchathome.ButlastweeA,theylunchatschool.(have)(3)That myEnglishbooA.lt new.Butnowit nothere.lt thereamomentago.(be) (4) MysisterliAes verymuch.Sheoften atourschool

39、festival.Lastterm,she_alotof songsintheschoolhall.She beautifully.(sing)(5 ) What heusually onSunday?Heusually hishomeworA.LooA!He hishomeworAnow.he hishomeworAlastSunday?Yes, he.(do) (6) Dopeopleusually mooncaAesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.DidyoumooncaAes lastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.I aloto

40、fdeliciousmooncaAes.(eat)、there/herebe 结构 1、therebe结构表示某时、某地存在着什么事物或人,包括thereis、thereare、therewas、 therewereo herebe结构与它类似,用法也完全相同,只不过是表示这里存在着什么事物或人。 2、和 have、has、had 的区别:(1) Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人);而have、has、had表示:某人拥有某物。 (2 )在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is ;主语是复数,be动词用are ;如有几 件物品,be动 词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定就近原

41、则。(3 ) therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。(4 ) therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。(5 )some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句(any用于否定句或疑问句。(6 ) and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短 语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?(8 )针对主语提问的特殊

42、疑问句的基本结构是:Whaf s+介词短语?(9 ) Therebe结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某个主语后面。练练:1、用恰当的be动词填空。l)There fourseasonsinayear.2)There notanytreestwoyearsago.3)thereapostofficenearyourschool?Yes,there.4)-Howmanystops there?There onlyone.5)There notanystampsontheenvelope.6)thereanybirdsinthetree?7)There ashoppingcentren

43、earourschoollastyear.Butnowthere noone.8)There onlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.9) Here somebreadforyou.10)InNewYorA,there alotofraininspring.2、选用have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere”填空。1)1 agoodfatherandagoodmother.2)atelescopeonthedesA.3)He atape-recorder.4)abasAetballintheplayground.5)T

44、hey anicegarden.6)Myfather astory-booAlastyear.7)areading-roominthebuilding?8)WhatdoesMiAe?9)anybooAsinthebooAcase?10)Howmanystudents intheclassroom?11)astory-booAonthetableamomentago.12)Whatdoyou?13)Myparents somenicepictures.14)somemapsonthewall.15)amapoftheworldonthewall.16)David sfriends someten

45、ts.17)manychildrenonthehill.九、some , any的用法some用于肯定句;any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。例:Thereissomewaterintheglass.(肯定句)Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.(肯定句)Therearen tanylampsinthestudy.(否定句)Arethereanymapsonthewall?(一般疑问句)WouldyouliAesomeorangejuice?(希望得到肯定回答)DoyouwanttotaAeanyphotosattheparty?(一般疑问句

46、)练练:选用some或any填空。l)Thereisn t milAinthefridge.2)Icansee cars,butlcan tsee buses.3)Hehas friendsinEngland.4)Werethere fruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereare presentsforyou.6)DoesTomwanttotaAe photos?7)Isthere riceintheAitchen?8)Thereare newbuildingsinourschool.9)-WouldyouliAe caAes?No,r dnotliAe caAes,butr dliAe coffee.10)Aretherepicturesonthewall