新视野大学英语第一单元单词讲解.docx

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1、Unit 1 Text Achase |vt. |run after sb. or sth. in order to catch them |追逐; 追赶My dog likes chasing rabbits. |我的那条狗喜欢追逐兔子。|We were chased by a bull while crossing the field. |我们穿过田哦地时,有一条公牛追逐着我 们。cruelty|n.|C, U behavior that makes people or animals suffer |残酷;残忍The book tells readers the cruelty of t

2、he slave trade at that time. |这本书告诉了读者在那个时候 奴隶买卖的残忍。The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals. |这个农民被指控残酷虐待动物。pessimistic|a. |expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will have a bad result |悲观的 The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic.咳会议的气氛非常悲观。The doctors are pessim

3、istic about his chances of recovery. |医生们对他康复的可能很悲观。conquest|n.|1. U the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort |征服; 控制The conquest of inflation has been the Governments economic priority. |征服通货膨胀一直是政 府经济上首要考虑做的事。He finally made the conquest of the disease come true. |他最后战胜 f 那疾病。

4、2. sing., U the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force |征服; 攻 占After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve. |在诺曼征服之后, 这片 森林就成了皇家狩猎地。The empire had expanded largely through military conquest. |帝国的扩张主要是通过军事占领。|bankrupta. (without enough money to pay what one o

5、wes |破产的The company was declared bankrupt. |这家公司被宣布破产。Five years ago she was a successful actress, but now she is bankrupt |五年前她是一个成功的演 员,可是现在她贫如洗了。motive|n.|C a reason for doing sth. |动机Why would she have killed him? She has no motive. |她为什么会杀他呢?她没有任何动机。What is the motive behind the bombing? |爆炸背后有

6、什么动机?worship|vt. |admire and love sb. very much |崇拜;敬垂;仰慕He worshipped his wife. |也很崇拜妻子。He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him. |年青演员崇拜他、模仿 他的方式使他感到很有意思。spur Ivt. lencourage sb. or make them want to do sth. |鼓励:刺激Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed. |她艰难的童年激

7、励她去取得成功。My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour. |我的教练鼓励我保持每小时 4 英 里的节奏。|lure |n. |C sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this 例惑Few can resist the lure of adventure. |几乎没有人抵挡得住的历险的吸引力。It is the lure of money that brings them to the city. |是金钱的诱惑使他们来到了这

8、城市。|drown |v. |1. have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal with |沉浸于 IRelief agencies are drowning in frustration. |救济机构都沉浸于失望之中。|1 felt as if I were drowning in sleep. |我感至自己好像沉浸在睡眠之中。2. die from being under water for too long, or to kill sb. in this way | （使）淹死Many

9、people drowned when the boat overturned. |翻船时有许多人淹死了。He drowned in a boating accident. |他在一次划船事故中淹死了。（imperial |a. |1. great and magniicent |壮丽的;宏大的The house is huge and almost imperial. |房子很大,极其壮丽。It is said that few places on earth offer such imperial scenic beauty as this. |据说世界很少有地 方像这里有如此壮观的美景。

10、2. relating to an empire or to the person who rules it |帝国的; 皇帝的the decline of an imperial power |强盛帝国的衰败|Britains imperial expansion in the 19th century |英帝国在 19 世纪的扩张agent|n.|1. C sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. ind work |经纪人|A best-selling writer needs a good agent. |畅销书作家需要好的经纪人。

11、My agent has a new script for me to look at. |我的经纪人有一个新剧本要我看一看。|2. C a person or company that represents another person or company, esp. in business | 代理人;代理商Our agent in New York deals with all US sales. |我们在纽约的代理商处理所有的美国销售业 务。 hasten|vt. |make sth. happen sooner or more quickly |加快;加速The treatment

12、 she received may, in fact, have hastened her death. |实际上她接受的治疗。速 了 她 的死亡。News of the scandal certainly hastened his departure from office. |有关这件丑闻的消息当然加速 了他的离职。elevator|n.|C a machine that carries people or goods up and down in a building |电梯Its on the sixth floor - lets take the elevator. |它在六层,让我

13、们坐电梯吧。Some people were trapped in the elevators. |有些人被困在了 电梯里。blur|n. |C sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly |模糊的记忆;模糊不清的事物The events of that day were just a blur. |那天所发生的事情是简直就是一片模糊,记不清楚。My meomory of my childhood days is only a blur. |我对童年只有些模糊的记忆。idle|a.|not working or producing anything

14、 |不工作的;闲着的The workers have been idle for the last six months. |在过去的六个月,这些工人们都闲着没事 干。The machine stood idle for two months. |机器闲置了 两个月。bore|vt. I make sb. lose interest and become tired and impatient | 使厌烦He bores everyone with his stories about his girlfriends. |他老讲自己女朋友的故事,使每个人都 感到厌倦。Being alone wi

15、th a baby all day bored her to death. |整天一个人和一个婴儿在起使她厌倦死 了。bored |a. |tired and impatient |厌烦的It was a cold, wet day and the children were bored. |那天很冷,又潮湿,孩子们都厌倦了。He was getting bored with doing the same thing every day. |每天都做同样的事，他变得厌倦了。continuity|n.|U the state of continuing for a period of time

16、|连贯（性）;连续（性）The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity. |这部小说在叙述上没能取得连贯。His speech lacks continuity in logic. |他的演说缺乏逻辑的连贯性。sustainvt. |make sth. continue to exist for a period of time 修隹持; 使.持续She managed to sustain everyones interest until the end of her speech她设法使得每个人的兴 趣都保持到她演讲结束。Kangaroos

17、can sustain high speeds over long distances. |袋鼠向言长足巨离地保持高速。minute |a. |very small |极小的11| |Her writings so minute that its difficult to read. |她的字迹太小了,很难读。11| |The problem was caused by minute particles of dust getting in the disk drive. |问题是由进 入到磁盘驱动器上的灰尘微粒引起的。|discount |vt. |1. regard sth. as unl

18、ikely to be true or important 低估I I I |You shouldn*t discount the possibility of him coming back. |你们不应该不相信他回来的 可能性。11| |Much of what he says must be discounted. |他说的很多话不可信。I |2. reduce the price of sth. |降低价格:打折11| |The store discounts all its merchandise. |这家商店的多有商品都打折。11| |He asked to discount 15

19、% from the price. |他要求打八五折。|n.|C a reduction in the usual price of sth. |折扣11 I |They usually give you a discount if you buy more than ten copies. |如果你多十本以上,也 们通常给你打折扣。11| |They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students. |他们向学生提供火车旅行,九折优惠。plot|n. |1. C the story of a book, film, play,

20、etc. | （小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节11| |The film has a very simple plot. |这部电影的情节非常简单。11| |The plots of his books are basically all the same. |他书的情节基本上都是相同的I 2. C a secret plan |阴谋;密谋11 I |The plot was discovered before it was carried out. |这密谋还没进行就已被发现。| | |The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the presid

21、ent. |警方挫败了一起暗杀总统的阴谋。 moviemaker|n. |C sb. who makes ilms, esp. a director or producer |电影制作人I I I |Among the audience were moviemaker Jim Sheridan and some movie stars. |观众中有电 影制作人吉姆谢里登和一些电影明星。11| |It*s about time a few moviemakers with original ideas were given a chance. |该是给那些具有新见解的电影制作人机会的时候了。di

22、stinct |a. |1. clearly different or belonging to a different type |明显不同的;独特的11| |The two concepts are quite distinct from each other. |这两个概念相互是有明显区别的。11| |The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other. |这两个组的学习需要彼此是相当不同的。2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled, etc. |清晰的

23、;清楚的;明显的11| |The outline of the ship became more distinct. | 船的轮廓变的更清楚 了。11| |As night fell, the outline of the mountain became less distinct. |夜幕降临,山峦的轮廓变的不那么清楚了。spotlight |n. |C I聚光灯11I |The room was lit by spotlights. |聚光灯照亮了房间。11| |She stood alone on stage in the spotlight. |她独自一个人站在舞台的聚光灯下。jung

24、le |n. |C, U a thick tropical forest with many large plants growing very close together | （東帀 丛林I I I |The lakes are certainly there but they are hidden in dense jungle. |湖肯定在那儿,不过是 隐藏在密林之中。11| |When the police hit the shore, they fled into the jungle. |当警察到达河岸时,他们逃进 了丛林。fraud|n. |C, U the crime of

25、deceiving sb. in order to get money or sth. illegally |欺诈;诈骗11 I |She was charged with credit card fraud. |她被指控犯信用卡诈骗。| | |Big losses due to theft and fraud forced the company to close. |由于偷窃和欺诈造成的巨大损失迫使这家公司倒闭了。contaminate |vt. |make sth. dirty or poisonous |污染; 弄脏I I I |Much of the coast has been c

26、ontaminated by nuclear waste. |那海岸的许多地方已被核废 料污染了。| | |The food which had been contaminated was destroyed. |被弄脏/污染的食品已经被毁掉了。| underline|vt. |1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important |在下划线I I I |AII the technical words have been underlined in red. |所有的技术词汇都已用红色在其下 面划了线。11| |Don forget

27、to underline the title of the essay. |别忘 了在文章标题下划线。|2. emphasize; show that sth. is important 5虽调,使突出11I |She underlined the seriousness of the situation她强调 了 形势的严峻性。| | |To underline their disgust, the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage. |为了强调他们的厌恶,人群开始向舞台扔瓶子了。| uncompromising|a. |unwillin

28、g to change ones opinions or behavior |不妥协的:不让步的I I I |He has a reputation for being tough and uncompromising.他有一个顽强、决不妥协的名 声。11| |At work, George was known as an uncompromising businessman. |在工作上,乔治是个决不让步的商人。object|vi. |oppose or disapprove of sth. |反对;不赞成11 I |Would anyone object if we started the

29、 meeting now? |如果我们现在开始开会，有人反对 吗?11 I |No one objected when the boss said it was time to go home. |当老板说该回家了时,没有 人表示反对。accuse |vt. |say that sb. is guilty of a crime or of doing sth. bad |指控: 控告11 I fit wasn*t my fault. Dont worry, Pm not accusing you. | “这不是我的过错。” “别担心, 我不是在指责你11| |He*s been accused

30、 of robbery. | 他被控以抢劫。banquet |n. |C a fonnal dinner for many people on an important occasion |宴会111 |A banquet was planned to celebrate the victory. |为庆祝胜利,计划举行一个宴会。11| |That night there was a state banquet. |那天晚上举行了一个国宴。sue Ivt. I make a legal claim against sb., esp. for money | 起诉; 控告11 I |The co

31、mpany is suing a former employee. |该公司正在起诉个前雇员。| | |He threatened to sue them if the work was not completed. |如果工作完不成,他威胁要起诉他们attomey|n.|C a lawyer 律师11 I |Simpson answered questions from his defense attorney for nearly three hours. |辛普森冋答 了将近三小时自己辩护律师提出的问题。| | |Other investors have hired attorneys

32、and are deciding whom to sue. |其他投资者已经雇了律师,正在决定要起诉谁。second|vt. |support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting |支持; 附议I I I |The motion was proposed by the clubs chairman and seconded by the secretary. |这提案是 俱乐部主席提出的,并得到了秘书的支持。| | |Will anyone second this motion? *I second it, Mr. Chairman

33、. | 有谁支持这项动议?”“主席先生,我附议。”fine |vt. |make sb. pay money as a punishment |罚.的款11 I Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily. |超速驾驶的司机会受 到重罚。| | |They fined him $100 for using threatening behaviour. |他们对他使用威胁性举止罚了他100美金。expel|vt. |force sb. to leave a school or organization |开除

34、; 驱逐 11 I |The government has expelled some diplomats. |政府将一些交官驱逐出境。| | |My brother was expelled from school for bad behavior我弟弟因为行为不端被学校开除了。justify |vt. |show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable |证明有 道理;为辩护11| |How do you justify your rude behavior? |你如何为你的粗

35、鲁举止辩解呢?11| |We cant justify spending any more money on this project. |我们没有理由再在这个项目上花费更多的钱了。 single-minded |a. Ihaving one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it |心一忌的; 专的11| |She is very single-minded about her career/她对自己的职也十分专心。11| |Her single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had

36、 little time left for her family. |她对工作的心意的奉献意味着她很少有时间留给自己的家庭。novelist |n. |C sb. who writes novels |小说家11 I |A famous novelist gave a speech at the opening ceremony. |在开幕式上,位知名小说家 发了言。musician|n.|C sb. who performs or writes music, esp. as a job |音乐家; 子I I I |Ellen is one of our most talented young

37、 musicians. |埃伦是我们最有天赋的年青音乐家之desperate |a. |1. needing or wanting sth. very much |极需要的;极向往的11| |The team is desperate for a win. |这个队极需要一场胜利。11| |He was desperate to get a job.他非常想得到份工作。|2. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation |绝望的;拼命的11 I |I had no money left and was de

38、sperate. |我没有钱了,感到很绝望。11| |Time was running out and we were getting desperate. |时间正在流失,我们正变得绝望。 desperately |ad. |1. very much |非常11 I |She always seems to be desperately busy! |她看上去总是非常忙。11| |lm not desperately keen on watching football. |我并酷爱看足球。|2. in a worried or angry way |绝望地;拼命地11 I |The doct

39、ors tried desperately to save her life. |医生拼命地要拯救她的生命。11| |He looked round desperately for someone to help him.他绝望地朝四周看了看,希望有人帮助他。alas|ad. lunfortunately I不幸的是;遗憾的是11| |I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player. |我喜欢足球,可是,真遗憾,我没有足球队员的天赋。11| |For many people, alas, hunger is part of eve

40、ryday life. |对许多人来说,很不幸，饥饿是日常生活的一部分。Phrases and Expressionsat best |even when considered in the most positive way |充其量: 至多| |At best she would become disabled; at worst she would die. |最乐观地看,她会变残废;最糟糕的话,她会死去。| |He was, at best, a second-class writer. |他充其量是一个二流作家。|run a/the risk |be in a situation i

41、n which sth. bad could happen |冒险;有.风险I I |He run the risk of losing his job by criticizing his boss.他冒着丢饭碗的风险批评他的 老板。| |If you keep working in such a temperature, you will run a risk of getting heat stroke. |如果你在这样的温度下继续工作,就有中暑的危险。remain /be true to |continue to be loyal to sb. or sth. |忠于II|He rem

42、ains true to his principle. |他忠于自己的原则。|We are true to our cultural traditions. |我们忠于我们的文化传统。object to |oppose or disapprove of sth. |反对:不赞成II|Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract. |罗布森强烈反对合同中的条件。|I objected to having to rewrite the article. |我反对重写这篇文章。accuse sb. of sth. |say that sb

43、. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth. |指控; 控告I I |Some parents are accused of being careless with their childrens health. |人们指责有些 家长不关心孩子的健康。| |He accused them of drinking beer while driving. |他控告他们驾车喝啤酒。throw out|make sb. leave a place, school, organization, etc. because they have done sth. against the rules |开除；解雇I I |Their trade union was instructed to find jobs for those thrown out of work. |也（门的工会 被指示要为那些失去工作的人找到工作。| |These two famous sportsmen were thrown out of the Olympics after failing drug tests. | 这两位著名的运动员由于没有通过药检被逐出奥运会。