虚拟语气_公开课_精品课件_全(教育精品).ppt

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1、Learning goals1.Knowwhatthesubjunctivemoodrefersto2.Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.Masterthestructureofthesubjunctivemoodabout“if”4.Dosomeexercisesaboutthe3thaim语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。概

2、念：谓语概念：谓语v用用不同的形式不同的形式表示说话人的表示说话人的不同意图不同意图，这，这种种形式形式称为语气。语气分三种：称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气（陈述语气（indicativemoodndktv）：用来：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。感叹等形式。Heislateforclass.Whatfun!Heisnotinterestedinclassicalmusic.2.祈使语气（祈使语气（imperativemoodmpertv）：用来：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）表示请

3、求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）Dontbelate！3.虚拟语气（虚拟语气（subjunctivemoodsbdktv）：）：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。疑或推测。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式

4、：1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.名词性从句名词性从句 3.固定句式固定句式 4.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。If we have chances,we can have further cooperation.If I have another chance,I will visit C

5、hina again.if if真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很假设的情况很有可能发生有可能发生,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思if条件从句条件从句一般现在时一般现在时 主句主句willshall+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的或几虚拟的或几乎无法实现的乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条

6、件句与与现在现在事实相反事实相反与与过去过去事实相反事实相反与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反If I had a great deal of money,I would buy a villa(别墅别墅)for my parents.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反IfIweretheschoolmasterofHACFLS,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去

7、式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形1.IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla(别墅别墅)formyparents.2.IfIweretheschoolmasterofHACFLS,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully,he would not have

8、caused the car accident in May,2009.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词1.If Yao Ji

9、axin had driven more carefully,he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.3.3.If If hehe had got up earlier earlier ,hehe could have caught the the train.train.即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(should/m

10、ight/could)havedoneIfImetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.IfIweretomeetObamasomeday,IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday,与与将将来来事事实实相相反反if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与将来将来事实事实相相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+wereto+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形 If I met/were t

11、o meet/should meet Obama some day,I would shake hands with him.总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+wereto+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形

12、即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(should/might/could)havedone主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.1.1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。2.2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。3.3.如果你以前好好学习，

13、如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。你会通过考试的。If I were you,I would accept his advice.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.练一练1.我要是你，我就去试试。2.今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。3.明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。4.她要是有时间，就会帮我了。1.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1

14、、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+wereto+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(should/might/could)havedone主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动

15、词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句（4+1）1.错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句即：即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1).Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我

16、是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）3).Ifyouhadntlentmesomemoney,IcouldnthaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）2.在虚拟条件句中，在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were,

17、had（助动词）或（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装时，可使用倒装结构，但结构，但if必须省略必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，。若条件从句为否定句，否定词否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。置于句首。1).Had I seen him then,I would have been very happy.=If I had seen him then,I would have been very happy.2).Should I have time,I would go

18、with you.=If I should have time,I would go with you.3).Were I not so busy,I would go with you.=If I were not so busy,I would go with you.2.(if省略省略)倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句补充例句：补充例句：要不是要不是 (固定句式固定句式)If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work yesterday.=Had it not been for ,If it were no

19、t for lacking money,I would go travelling right now.=Were it not for lacking money,与与过去过去事事实相反实相反与与现在现在事事实相反实相反Butfor要不是要不是(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）（副词）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气直陈

20、语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。含蓄条件句含蓄条件句(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（独立主格）（独立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakeninto(了解即可了解即可)consideration,(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwas

21、toobusy.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气(5)用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor等。如：等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadntgotyourhelp/Ifyouha

22、dnthelpedus,=Ifithadntbeenfortherain,虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气1.If my father _ here now,he _ tell me what to do.A.were;wouldB.was;willC.had been;wouldD.is;willExerciseA2.If he _my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would followExerciseC3.If I _ in the 22nd

23、 century,I _ my vacation in a very different way.A.should live;would spendB.will live;should spend C.are living;should have spentD.will be living;would have spentA4._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.WillExercisetomorrowB5.But for the

24、 help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A.would not win B.would not have wonC.would win D.would have wonExerciseB6.If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A.wouldn

25、t be B.will not have beenC.wouldnt have been D.would have not beenExercisenowin 1955A7T he weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have diedExerciseDhad rainednow8.They _ t

26、wo free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A.had got B.got C.have got D.getExerciseBotherwise9.Why didnt you buy the flat?I_，but I didnt have the money.A.would have B.bought C.would like to D.had boughtExerciseAbutLearning goals1.Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunct

27、ivemood2.Masterthestructuresofthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.Dosomeexercisesaboutthegrammar虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.名词性从句名词性从句 3.固定句式固定句式 4.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几

28、乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+wereto+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用wer

29、e)If+主语主语+had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语+would(should/might/could)havedone主语主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形动词原形（4+1）注意以下问题：注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句2.(if省略省略)倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshoulddo!shoul

30、ddo!shoulddo!二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一一“坚持坚持”(insist),二二“命令命令”(order,command),四四“建议建议”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五五“要求要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)+(that)sb(should)do.或是或是(that)sb/sth(should)be done 宾语从句宾语从句我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求

31、派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _.He insisted _.They requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom have a rest(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent to work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished in time2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should doItissuggestedthatw

32、e(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Theteachergiveusasuggestionthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should doItisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demandedtha

33、t(should)doThe/Onesinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desireis/wasthat(should)doa/thesuggestion/request(等等)that(should)do 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her

34、 son(should)come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory(should)be closed down.3.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句1.wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 shouldI wish I _(be)as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _(ha

35、ve not)eaten so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _(will)rain tomorrow.If so,I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.could/wouldbecome三三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1.would rather 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I would rath

36、er you returned me my money now.I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2.as if/as though思考：思考：as if/as though 后面的句子是后面的句子是主句还是从句？主句还是从句？He behaves as if he_(own)the house.owned1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以可以理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he _(be)th

37、e owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _(be)there herself.had been2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之前从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以可以理解成与过去事实相反理解成与过去事实相反)He coughed(咳嗽咳嗽)twice as if someone would come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以可以理解成与将来事实相反理解成与将来事实相反)总结总结as if/as though与现在事

38、实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 (了解了解)should与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似3.Itis(high/about)time(that)“是时候是时候.(做某事做某事)”注意注意:should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do是时候采取措施来保护环境了。是时候采取措施来保护环境了。Itis(high/about)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenv

39、ironment.你该走了。你该走了。Its(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.4.在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气固定句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary/strange/natural(自然的自然的,理应如此的理应如此的)/important +that sb(should)do1).Itisimportantthatwe_(master)aforeignlanguage.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its_thatshe_toco

40、metotheparty.3).鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。Itis_thatabird_intrees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest5.If only !要是要是就好了就好了If only与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时If only it stopped raining now!If only we had followed your advice!总结总结wish,wouldrather,a

41、sif/asthough,ifonly表虚拟时的共同点是：表虚拟时的共同点是：时态往后退一步，同时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句四四.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 1.本本想想/打算打算做某事却没做做某事却没做 2.本本应该应该做某事却没做做某事却没做 3.本本不该不该做某事却做了做某事却做了 4.本本能够能够做某事却没做做某事却没做 5.宁愿宁愿过去过去做了某事却没做做了某事却没做 6.最好最好过去过去做了某事却没做做了某事却没做 7.本本不必不必做某事却做了做某事却做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/ou

42、ghtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/couldnt have done过去肯定发生了过去肯定发生了过去可能发生了过去可能发生了过去不可能发生过去不可能发生1.insist,suggest2.asif/though3.if五五.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况insist/suggest各有两种意思，用不同的语气各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist:“坚决

43、坚决/持要求持要求”用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,即即shoulddo;insist:“坚持认为坚持认为,坚持说坚持说”用陈述语气用陈述语气suggest:“建议建议”用虚拟语气，用虚拟语气，即即shoulddo;suggest:“表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陈述语气用陈述语气1.The teacher suggested that we _ (practise)more after class.2.Her pale face suggests that she _(be)ill today.3.He insisted that all of us _(get)there on time by any m

44、eans.4.He insisted that he _(not steal)the diamond,and that he should be set free.他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadnt stolenasif/asthoughWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.a.if真实条件句真实条件句 表

45、示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。Exercise 1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible.A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay

46、 _ be raised.A should B would C must D could3.My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he _ there.A.not went B.wont go C.not go D.not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished5.Janes pale face sugges

47、ted that she _ ill.A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he _right.A.were B.was C.be D.is考题点击考题点击1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try2.She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq.A.leave B.leaving C.left D.to be left3.We are in

48、favor of your proposal that the meeting _.A.should put off B.was put off C.be put off D.is to put off4.It is high time the child _ to the hospital.A.is sent B.would be sent C.must be sent D.were sent5.If only I _ driving before.A.had learned B.learned C.learn D.would learn 6.I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are7.How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future.A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit 8.Idratheryou_methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didnttellD.hadnttold1.背语法规则背语法规则2.课时作业课时作业 P36 单选单选Homework