大学英语复习资料归纳.docx

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1、大学英语复习资料归纳L词汇短语（D形近词辨析1. aggressive a.好斗的，敢做敢为的progressive a.前进的，（税收）累进的，进步的2. altitude n.（尤指海拔）高度attitude n.姿势，态度gratitude n.感谢multitude n.多数，群众（the multitude）3. assert v.断言，声称asset n.财产；资产4. blank a.空白的，空着的，失色的，没有表情的blink v.眨眼brink n.（峭岸、崖的）边缘5. bloomn.花，旺盛，青春v.（使）开花，（使）繁盛broom n.扫帚gloom n.阴暗，阴沉lo

2、omn.织布机，织机V.隐现，迫近6. boastn.自夸，值得夸耀的事物v.自夸，以有而自豪boost v.推进roast v.烤，烘，烘烤7. briefa.简短的，短暂的n.摘要，大纲grief n.悲痛，伤心事，不幸，忧伤8. cease v.停止，终了easen.安逸，安心，不费力，悠闲vt.使悠闲，使安心，减轻，放松vi.减弱，减轻，放松，灵活地移动leasen.租借，租约，租赁物，租期，延续的一段时间vt.出租，租出，租得release n.& vt.释放，解放，放弃teasen.揶揄，戏弄，逗惹vt.取笑，逗恼9. clash v.冲突，撞击声，抵触crash v.碰撞，坠落，

3、坠毁crush vt.压碎，碾碎,压服10. complementn,补足物；语法补语；数余角vt.补助，补足compliment n.& vt.称赞，恭维implement vt.贯彻，实现11. domain name:域名 domain:领土，领地 World Wide Web:万维网12. expand: v.扩张，发展 expand operations 扩展业务【单词变形】expansive （a.广阔的，易扩张的）expansion （n.扩充,开展，膨胀）13. initial: a.最初的；n.词首大写字母initial price最初成本【单词变形】initiative (

4、n.主动性，首创精神a.自发的,创始的)take the initiative 带头，主动14. consent vi.(to)同意，赞成contend v.(against, for, with)斗争，竞争contentn.内容，容量，目录，满足a.满足的，满意的,愿意的vt.使满足15. denote vt.指示，表示donate v.捐赠，赠予devote vt.投入于,献身16. explicit a.明确的；清楚的implicit a.暗含的；含蓄的17. incur vt.招致；惹起occur vi.发生，出现；(与to连用)想起，想到18. mass n.块，大多数；(the m

5、ass)群众，民众messn.混乱，脏乱v.弄乱19. staffn.全体职员；全体工作人员vt.提供人员；安置职员stuffn.原料，材料，素材，资料vt.塞满，填满，填充20. statue n.雕像，塑像status n.身份，地位，情形，状况21. virtual a.实际上的；事实上的virtue n.德行，美德22. principala.主要的，首要的n.负责人，首长，校长principle n.法则，原则，原理23. moral a.道德（上）的，精神的mortal a.致命的24. detection n.察觉，发觉protection n.保护25. device n.装置

6、，设计,设备devise vt.设计，发明，图谋revise vt.修订，校订26. disguise v.假装，伪装disgustvi.令人厌恶，令人反感vt.使作呕27. exterior a.外部的，外在的，表面的inferior a.下等的，下级的interior a.内部的，内的superior a.较高的，上级的28. course n.过程，经过；课程；一道菜cause n.原因，动机，理由vt.引起，使发生27. flesh n.肉，（供食用的）兽肉，肉体，vt.以肉喂（猎犬等），使肥，赋以血肉vi.长胖fresh a.新鲜的，无经验的，生的，adv.最新地，刚刚n.开始，泛滥

7、flash n.闪光，闪现，一瞬间vi.闪光，闪现，反射，使迅速传遍vt.使闪光，反射a.闪光的，火速的28. gasp vi.喘息，气喘vt.气吁吁地说grasp vt.抓住，抓紧，掌握，领会n.抓住，抓紧，掌握，领会29. cling vi.(clung)粘紧，附着；坚持(常与to连用)flingvt.(flung)(用力)扔，掷，扑30. worship n.崇拜，礼拜，尊敬vi.敬神，拜神vt.崇拜，尊敬workshop n.车间，工场warship n.军舰，战船40. change n.改变，变化，转变，找回的零钱vt.改变，变革，改造，兑换charge n.负荷，电荷，费用，主管

8、，掌管v.装满，控诉，收费41. pro-=for, before, forth, forwardproceed vi,进行，继续下去【pro-+ceed (to go)=往前】produce vt.提出，出示，生产，制造【pro-+duce (to lead)=向前引出】profess v.表示pro-+fess (to acknowledge公开承认progress vi.前进，进步，进行【pro-+gress (t。walk)=向前进】 projectn.计划，方案v.设计，计划【pro-+ject (t。throw)=向前投掷】propose vt.计划，建议pro-+pose (to

9、 put)=置于前方】42. pre-= beforeprecaution n,预防，警惕，防范【pre-+caution (小心)=事前的准备】precede v.领先(于)，在之前，先于【pre-+cede (to go)=走在前头】predict v.预知，预言，预报【pre-+dict (to say)=事先说】prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿【pre-+fer (to carry)=搬到前面】pretend vt.假装，装扮pre-+tend (to stretch, to spread)=展开于面前的】present a.现在的，出席的【pre-+sent (being)=在眼前】

10、43. per-=through, thoroughly, awayperceive vt.察觉【per-+ceive (to take)=通过感觉去接受】perfect a.完美的，全然的【per-+fect (to make)=做得很好】perform vt.履行,执行，表演,演出【per-+form (to provide, to furnish)=完全供给】permeate vt.弥漫,渗透，透过，充满perfume n.香味，芳香，香水【per-+fume (to smoke)=像烟一样地飘】44. trans-=beyone, across, overtransaction n.交

11、易，事务【trans-+action (drive)=不断推进事物】transfer vt.转移，调转，调任【trans-+fer (to carry)=越过搬运】transit vt,横越,通过，经过【transmit (to go)=走到对岸】translate vt.翻译，解释，转化【translate (to carry)=被搬到外面去】transcend vt.超越，胜过【trans-+scend (to climb)=超越攀登】45. dis-= apart, awaydisadvantage n.不利，不利条件discard vt.丢弃，抛弃【dis-+card (paper)=

12、掷出无用的纸牌】discern v.目睹，认识，洞悉【dis-+cern (t。separate)=一个一个分开】disapprove v.不赞成discourage vt.使气馁,阻碍【dis-+courage =剥夺勇气】display vt.陈列，展览，显示【dis-+play (to fold)=将重叠的东西伸展开来使能看到】46. de-=apart, fromdefer vi.推迟,延期【de-+fer (to carry)=回到离开的地方】defrost vt.除霜，使(冰的食物)融化de-+frost (霜)=分开霜】detach vt.分开，分离de-+tach (to st

13、ake拴)=拴的相反】47. sum: n.总数，总和 paid an enormous sum 支付了一大笔款项【单词变形】sum (n.总数，总和)summary (n.摘要，概要)summarize (v.概述，总结)48. march: n.& v.行军，前进 Science is on the march.科学正在发展中。49. snap: v.拍照；猛地吸住，突然折断The rope snapped.绳子突然断了50. re-=again, backrecall vt.回忆，回想，记起【re-+call=唤回】recede v.后退【re-+cede(to go)=往后退】recl

14、aim vt.要求归还，收回【re-+claim(to cry out)=反复叫喊】reduce vt.减少，缩小【re-+duce(to lead)=引导回归】refer v.提交，谈及，查阅【re-+fer(t。bear, to carry)=运回】refresh”(使)精神振作，(使)精力恢复，更新【re-+fresh=使再度凉爽】regress v.复原，逆行，使倒退【re-+gress(to walk)=向后行走】remedy vt.治疗，补救re-+medy(to heal)=重新冶疗】resist vt.抵抗，反抗【re-+sist(stand)=站在对面】51. ex-=out

15、 of, fullyexhaust vt.用尽，耗尽，抽完，使筋疲力尽ex-+haust(to draw)=抽出】exhibit vt展出，陈列【ex-+hibit(to have)=用手捧出来】expire v.期满，终止，呼气，断气【ex-+pire(to breathe)R气inspire鼓舞(吸气)explicit a.外在的，清楚的，直率的【ex-+plicit(folded)=向外折叠f表现在外面，implicit暗含的】52. com, con=together, with, whollycoexist vi.共存【co-+exist=共同存在】concord n.和谐，一致，和

16、睦【con-+cord(heart)=同心】confront vt.使面临，对抗【con-+front(forehead)=面对面】correct vt.改正,纠正 a.正确的,恰当的cor-+rect(right)=使完全正确】53. over-=above, across, beyondoveract v.夸张表演overburden vt.装载过多，负担过多overcome vt.战胜，克服，胜过overcrowd vt.容纳过多的人，使过度拥挤overlap v.重叠overturn vt.推翻，颠倒overwhelm vt.淹没，覆没，受打击，制服，压倒54. im-/in-=in,

17、 into, onincline vt.使倾向于，使倾斜【in-+cline(to lean)=向靠过去】include vt.包括,包含【in-+clued(to shut)=关在里面 exclude 除外】income n.收入，收益【in-+come=进来的东西】infect vt.医传染,感染in-+fect(to make; to put)=to put in 进入病菌】inflate vt.使膨胀，使得意，使(通货)膨胀，使充气in-+flate(to blow)=吹进去一使膨胀】inhibit vt.(常与 from 连用)阻止，抑制【in-+hibit(t。have)=持着一压

18、制】insight n.洞察力，jAtiR in-+sight=the power of seeing intoinsert vt.插入，嵌入【in-+sert(t。join)=加在里面】implant v.灌输【im-+plant=种入脑海中】imprison vt.监禁，关押【im-+prison=to put in prison】55. sub-=undersubject vt.使屈从于,使隶属【sub-+ject(to throw)=往下投掷】succeed v.继之后，继任，继承suc-(=sub-)+ceed=随走下去】suppress vt.镇压，抑制sup-(=sub-)+pr

19、ess=:fTH suspect v.怀疑，猜想【sus-(=sub-)+pect=看下面】【单词变形】acknowledgement (n.承认)。经常放在一起考的几个单词:acquaint: v 了解，认识；associate:联合，结交；enlighten:v启发，开导56. multimedia: multi-的前缀有 many 和 much 之意， multi-(many)+media等媒体;multi-(many)+ply(t。fold)=增加，乘(许多东西重叠在一起)；multitude：多数，群众，民众。57. guarantee: vt.& noun.保证，担保。 guara

20、ntee(that) guarantee to do sth. Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.许多店主对顾客保证满意58. sist=to stand (站立)assist v.出席，援助，帮助【as-(=ad-=to)+sist=站在一旁】consist vi.由组成，在于，一致【con-(=together)+sist=站在一起】persist vi,坚持，持续【per-(=through)+sist=始终屹立】 insist v.坚持，强调【in-(=on)+sist=站在之上不动】resist vt.抵抗，反抗

21、【re-(=back, against)+sist=站在反方向】59. sume=to take (拿取)assume vt.假定，设想，采取，as-(ad-=to)+sume=$取衣服、外表、他人物品、想法。名词assumptionconsume vt.消耗，消费【con-(=wholly)+sume=完全用尽。名词 consumptionresume vt.再继续,重新开始；n.履历re-(=again)+sume=重新】presume vt.假定，假设【pre-(before)+sume=比另U人先拿】60. sur=sure (确定的)，secure (安全的)assure vt.断然

22、地说，确告，保证,担保【as-(=ad-=to)+sure=朝向安全】ensure vt.保证，担保,使安全en-(to cause to be)+sure=使确定，确保，保护，保证】insure vt.给保险【in-(into)+sure=使进入安全状态】61. cess, ceed, cede=to go (去)，to yield (让步)accessn.通路，访问vt.存取，接近accessprocessn.过程，作用，方法vt.加工，处理pro-(=forward)+cess=向前走】excess a.过度的,额外的【ex-(=out)+cess=走出去了】recess v.暂停【re

23、-(=back, against)+cess=退居】62. form=to form (形成)inform v.( of/about)通知，告诉，获悉，告知【in-(=into)+form=在里面造成reformn.改革，改善vt.改革，革新，重新组成re-(=again)+form=再造形transform v.转换,改变，改造【trans-(=across)+form=移转形状】perform vt.履行，执行,表演【per-(through)+form=完全的造形】63. ject=to throw (投,掷)ejectvt,逐出，撵出e-(=out)+ject=向夕卜投】inject

24、vt.注射，注入【in-(=on)+ject=投掷进来】object v.反对，拒绝【ob-(二before)+ject=被掷于眼前的东西】projectn.计划，方案v.设计，计划，投射，放映pro-(=forward)+ject;投掷到前方】reject vt.拒绝，抵制，否决【re-(=back)+ject=投掷回去】64. spect=to see, to look (看见)inspect vt.检查，视察【in-(=on)+spect=窥视内部】respect vt.尊敬，尊重【re-(=against)+spect=一再注视】prospectn.景色，前景，前途，期望；vi.寻找,

25、勘探【pro-(=forward)+spect =看前方】suspect v.怀疑，猜想【sus-(=-sub=under)+spect=猜疑外表之下的东西】expect vt.期待，预期【ex-(=out)+pect=等待着向外看出去】65. tain=to hold, to keep (保持)contain vt.包含，容纳，容忍【con-(=with)+tain=保护】maintain vt.维持，维修main-(=manus=hand)+tain=保有于手掌中】retain vt.保持，保留【re-(=back)+tain=保留在后方】sustain vt.支撑，撑住，维持，持续【su

26、s-(=up)+tain=拿起,举起】66. impact: n.碰撞，冲击，冲突，影响，效果【固定搭配】impact on对产生影响。a speech that lackedimpact毫无影响力的演说67. compile: v.编辑，汇编 com-(together)+pile(heap)汇集在一起。They are compiling a dictionary of new words,他们正在编写一部新词的词典。68. update: verb.校正，更新，up-(aloft)+date = update 【单词变形】updated (a.最新的)；The immigration i

27、nformation booklet is updated yearly.移民信息的小册子每年都会更新。69. miss, mit=to send (送),to throw (投;掷)admit v.容许，承认，接纳【ad-(=to)+mit=送入，移入。名词 admissioncommit vt.犯(错误)，干(坏事)，把交托给，提交,答应负责【com-(=to)+mit=传送一委托。名词commission】emit vt.发出，放射【e-(=ex-=out)+mit=送出。名词 emission permit v.许可，允许，准许【per-(=through)+mit过每一关。名词 pe

28、rmissiontransmit vt.传输，转送，传达【trans-(across)+mit=送到对面。名词 transmission】submitvt.提交，递交【sub-(under)+mit=在下面传递】70. pose=to place, to put (置；放)posev.(使)摆好姿势，形成，引起，造成；n.姿势【放置的状态】compose v.组成，写作，排字【com-(=together)+pose=放在一起】expose vt.使暴露,受到，使曝光【ex-(=out)+pose=置于外部】imposevi.使影响(常on, upon与连用)课税；加税im-(=on)+pos

29、e=置于之上dispose v.处理，处置【dis-(apart)+pose=j别分开放置】71. serve=to serve (服务)，to keep (保持)conserve vt,保存，保藏【con-(=together)+serve=共同保有】deserve vt.应受，值得【(-(仙1丫)+57=值得完全用尽】preservevt.保护，保持，保存【pre-(before)+serve=事先保留】reserve vt.储备，保存，保留，预定【re-(back)+serve=隐秘保留】72. rupt=to break （打破）rupture v.破裂，裂开abrupt a.突然的,

30、陡峭的，生硬的【2(=21-=0仟)+1*叩1=突然破裂】bankrupt a.破产了的【bank+rupt银行倒闭】disrupt-使中断,使分裂dis-(=apart)+rupt=破裂分散】erupt vt.喷出【e-(=ex-=out)+rupt=破壳而出】interrupt vt.打断(正在说话或动作的人)，中断inter+rupt=割入其间的】73. press=to press (压)compress vt.压缩，浓缩【com-(=together)+press=压在一起】 depressvt,使沮丧，使消沉【de-(=down)+press=压在下方】 impress vt,印,

31、盖印，留下印象【im-(=in-=on)+press=押附在心上】oppress vt.压迫，压抑op-(=ob-=again)+press=X|施力口压力】expressvt.表达，表示n.快车，快递ex-(=out)+press=挤压出来】suppress vt.镇压，抑制，查禁【sup-(=sub-=under)+press=压在下方】74. fine=to end (结束)infinite a.无穷的，无限的【in-(not)+finite=没有结束】confine vt.限制，禁闭【con-(=together)+fine=共有的界限】 define vt,定义，详细说明【de-(d

32、own)+fine=定下界限】refine vt.精炼，精制re-(back, against)+fine=使再度完成】75. volve=to roll (滚；卷)involve vt.(常与in连用)包括;牵涉，拖累【in-(=into)+volve=卷入其中】evolvev.(使)发展，(使)进展【e-(=ex-=out)+voke=向夕卜回转】revolve v.(使)旋转，考虑【re-(back, against)+volve=使改变想法】76. viewinterview vt.接见，会见【inter-(=between)+view=彼此见面】preview vt.事先查看，预展，

33、预演【pre-(before)+view=提前看】review vt.回顾，复习【re-(back)+view=重新看】77. spark: vt.发动，鼓舞 n.火花，闪光 The incident sparked a controversy.这一事件引发了一场争端。78. controversial: a.引起争论的，有争议的 a controversialmovie 一场有争议的电影【单词变形】controversy (n.争论)79. display: vt.& n.陈列，展览，显示 On New Year( s Eve thedisplay of fireworks offers m

34、any attractions.除夕之夜的焰火很吸引人。（2）写作中词汇的替换A.动词的替换1.1 mprove 提高：Promote:促进 AC 之间的贸易 promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company.Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably俳常的，可换做 vastly) advanced.Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputatio

35、n.这次宣传提高了他的名望Reinforce: reinforce the interference of the autority and its ability of macroeconomic control加强政府的干预和宏观调控能力2 .change 改变：Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说至!J人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的

36、工业结构3 .Emphasize 强调：Highlight： the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native（可以换作 local） plants and insects.highlight/emphase the significance/magnitude of强调的重要性 Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children. Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich

37、and poor.Address: address the ponderance of manipulating the inosculation between,* andin the right perspective 强调正确处理关系的重要性（highlight and emphasize的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点,因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多）4 .Develop 培养;Cultivate: cultivate the ability of ；培养情操；cult

38、ivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life.Nurture:养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents） the sea nutures ample marine animals.5 .Break 破坏：Impair： impair ability;主要是破坏能力,莫乱用。Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine one s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibilityJeopardize:不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定

39、的等级才能配上此词。比如 Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程Devastate 特指毁灭、蹂蹒 the earthquake devastated the whole city.6 .Keep保存Preserve、Conserve保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect, protect 这个词用在保护具体的东西。7 .deal With 解决Tackle: tackle the problem.Resolve: resolve dispute 争论/conflict 冲突/problem/issue/crisis 危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。8

40、.need需要Require： xxx requires courage and confidence.Necessitate:用法不简单，没有摸透。call for （这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need 一样的用法B.形容词的替换1 .Everywhere 普遍的Widespread:随便用Prevalent： Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors

41、 of flowers.Rampant:特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制。Hlnl Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥2 .Good好的(太多了)impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive*Beneficial (反义词:detrimental) the drug is beneficial to the immune system.be beneficial to fabricating conservation-minded and eco-frie

42、ndly society有助于建设两型社会Advantageous:特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业3 .Harmful有害的Unfavorable, horrible, disgustinginhumane:没人性的lousy (15 m fed up with the lousy job.)severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health.B

43、aneful;现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈瞥牙。4 .Rich富有的Wealthy、Affluent ampleThere are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way.(银河系好多星星啊!)5 .Poor贫穷的impoverished （动词表示使贫穷：The great depression had impoverished many third world countries.） an impoverished student.7.Serious 严重的 Severe8.Obvious明显的Manifest: a manifest err

44、or judge 明显判断失误；Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair system.Apparent、EvidentPatent: patent impossibilities.显然不可能的事。9.cheap便宜的Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房:economically affordable housingoinexpensive=cheapReasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable priceAffordable：能够支付的C.名词的替换1 .Forefather 祖先AncestorPrede

45、cessor2 .Difference 不同Gap （简单但是牛）沟，generation gapvery common use in CET-4/6 Distinction: sharp/clear distinction between allergy and food intolerance （TBBT 里面的 Howard 就有 lactose intolerance,一吃 peanuts 就会肿,长尊麻疹rash哈哈。）再想牛就用schismo比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧 heal the schism between clinical medicine and public h

46、ealth.侑本书就叫这个。）3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency：一般crime都用不到。指道德败坏，违法行为，4 .Environment 环境Circumstance： under the circumstances.相当抽象的词，情况”。Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，相当具体。Nearby可与之互换。The surrounding area.有细心的同学指出如果surrounding单独用作“环境”的话，后面必须要加复数一一surroundings,我查了字典后发现的确是这样，而不加复数则只能归到形容词。Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换，但是当atmosphere表示大气层的意思的时候则不能。5 .Pollution 污染Contaminationcontaminated water一特指被污染的水6 .Human 人类Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词 The human race Humankind Humanity：特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。7 .Danger 危险Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；