考研完型笔记.docx

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1、第一部分大红花词：however,. while, although小红花词：such as, particular, subject, available, tend to, turn out 97.48The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.48. but while

2、 and whereas 49.imposed restricted illustrated confined 06.14Many others,14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 5 skills needed to turn their lives 16.14. when once while whereas15.life existence survival maintenance“简单词代入，通顺就选”“抓主干看搭配”02.23.the newspaper became the dominant pre-e

3、lectronic 23.means method medium measure对等结构06.17Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the plexcomprehensivecomplementarycompensating04.22-25Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in

4、criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,25 as a rej

5、ection of middle-class values.22 .before unless until because23 interactions assimilation cooperation consultation24 . return reply reference response 25. or but rather but or else总分结构Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30

6、to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.29. affect reduce check reflectAnd题02.24As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23, following in the wake of

7、the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical.22. after byduringuntil23. meansmethodmediummeasurecompanylight24. process form 08.7Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explain th

8、e process that has brought this about.7. advises suggests protests objectsNot题All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a crime act,40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.provided since although supposing05.Humans are often thought to be insens

9、itive smellers compared with animals, this is largely because,2 animals, we stand upright.although as but while第二部分表逻辑关系的（短语）介词表举例：such as, for instance, for example, like, to begin with,some. others. still others.表并列：or, and,not only.but also,either.or （或者，或者），neither.nor（既不，也不），as well as （不但而且），a

10、long with （连同起）表递进补充：also, similarly, besides, in addition to, apart from; aside from （除-之外还 apart from, aside from, other than （用于不包括的特殊人或事物之前）除-之外（都）表强调： even, indeed, above all, in effect, in fact, in any case, in particular表让步：though, while, even if, no matter., admitting that.still, anyway, aft

11、er all（毕竟）,despite, in spite of （尽管）表转折：instead of, rather than （而不是）,in fact, in effect表比较：1 .对比 while, whereas（而，然而），unlike, by/in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, by comparison, compared with,2 .相彳以 like, likewise, similarly, in the same way, correspondingly表因果：because, since, now th

12、at, in that, so/such.that, to such a degree that, given/ considering （考虑至U）,because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, in the light of, in view of（考虑到，鉴于），as a result , in consequence （因此）,thus, hence, then（那么）表条件：if, only if, unless, as long as, on condition that（条件是），in case of, in th

13、e event of （如果发生）表目的：so that, in order to, so as to, for fear of （以免）表总结：on the whole （总的看来）,in short （简而言之）,in general, in summary （总的来说）overall, generally, to put itsimply,弓 I 出新对象：concerning, with regard to , as for, as to, in terms of （就而论，在方面）短语总结:tighten controls加强控制a draft bill法律草案lay down规定b

14、e entitled to有的资格in the wake o随着；跟着in the company of和在一起speed up（使）加速in perspective正确地in terms of根据；就而言weigh against权衡give thought to考虑某事accommodate to使适应于，顾忌adjust to适应a host of大量，许多let down使失望acquire a sense of commitment获得责任感the major contributing influence主要因素engage in参加，从事，忙于commit crimes犯罪be s

15、ubject to criticism受到批评lead to导致in turn反过来说tend to倾向于compared with与比较，与相比be capable of有能力exposed to .接触range from.to.在,范围变化the bulk of大部分，主要部分be addicted to沉迷于；有瘾turn around（使）好转careers open to talent向有才能的人开放职位，以才取人a set of一套a rallying cry战斗口号be prepared to做好准备去做work independently of any institution

16、不隶属于任何机构at the thought of一想到（就）in question考虑之中的，被谈论着的originate from来自，源于the mean value of 100平均分100分contribute disproportionately to作出极大贡献a consequence of.的结果result in导致it turns out that结果是at the cost of以为代价on the mind of sb某人有想法run the labs for what为了什么，用途above all首先be aware of意识到so far到目前为止end up

17、(with)(以)结束as long as只要conduct experiments perform experiments on sb 进行试验a comparison with.与相比hit a plateau达到稳定状态slacken off松懈pin down确定、证实produce sort-term changes boost heart rate增强心率root in sth根源于flow from从流出；起因于，产生于react to对作出反应weaken the reputation损害名誉at the very least至少apply to适用于raise the que

18、stion引发疑问a line between the court and politics 法律与政治之间的界限envision sth as sth视,为be free to do sth自由去做cultivate political support（力求）获得政治支持dismiss sth as.把视作而不予考虑address doubts正视质疑02-12年真题选项词汇总结:means方法medium媒介，手段measure 措施in the process of 在的过程中in the company of 与一起in the light of 考虑到in the form of 以

19、的形式gather up 收集speed up 力口速work up逐步发展，引起pickup改善,捡起on继续out不在里面over穿过off离开of属于的for为了，因为beyond超出范围into进入in concept在观念上in dimension 在尺寸上in effect事实上in perspective正确地，恰当地 indeed的确hence因此brought by 由带来followed by被跟随，接着是 stimulated by 被刺激/激发 characterized by 以为特征 apparent明显的desirable合意的，理想的negative否定的pla

20、usible（解释/借口）似乎有道理的 institutional公共机构的，团体的 universal全体的，普遍的 fundamental基本的，根本的 instrumental有帮助的，起作用的ability能力,本领capability 能力capacity容量，领悟力faculty官能，天赋by means of凭借，依靠（某种手段）in terms。就而言，从角度 with regard to 关于in line with 与一致context （事物发生的）环境，背景range （变化的）范围scope （处理、研究事物的）范围territory 领土regard看待impres

21、s给留下深刻印象influence对起作用effect使发生，导致competitive竞争性的controversial 有争议的distracting分散注意力的irrational不合逻辑的，不理性的above高于，在之上upon在之上against对比，与相反with 与一起give sb an idea of使某人明白give an opinion on/about/of sth 对某事发表意见give advice on/about sth 就给出建议 strengthen 力口强accommodate 顾及stimulate刺激,促使enhance增强，提高nutrition 营

22、养leisure空暇，休闲assistance 帮助guidance弓|导，指导confidence 信心tolerance忍受，容忍claim声称admire赞赏，羡慕ignore忽略surpass优于，超过improper错误的，不适当的risky有风险的fair公平的，合理的wise明智的in effect实际上as a result因止匕，结果in a sense在某种意义上display 展示describe 描述create 仓ll 造exchange交换，交流durable持久的excessive过多的surplus剩余的multiple许多的，多种多样的individual 个

23、人personnel 职员corporation 公司consent 同意insurance保险业admission 获准进入security 安全，安全感particularly 尤其barely仅仅，几乎不definitely明确地，清楚地 rarely不常，很少if only要是就好了 now that 既然so that以便，为了 even if即使，虽然 let sb off从宽处理某人 let sb down让某人失望 let sb out使某人摆脱窘境 let sb alone不打扰某人 on the contrary 相反on the average 一般说来，平均而言 on

24、the whole大体上，总的来说 on the other hand 另一方面 make for走向，有助于 stand for代表，象征 plan for 策戈U take for 把当做 proficiency精通，熟练 efficiency效力，效能 act on依据行事 rely on依靠center on以为中心comment on对一作出评论interaction互动，交往assimilation 同化，融入cooperation 合作consultation 咨询in return for作为对,的回报in reply to作为对的反应in reference to 关于in

25、response to 作为对的反应，由于highlight使突出discard 抛弃immune免疫的，不受影响的resistant有抵抗力的sensitive敏感的subject易遭受的affect影响reduce减少check制止，控制reflect反映，显示point to 指向lead to通向，导致come to 达至Uamount to共计达in general 通常on average 平均by contrast对比起来at length最后，详细地in case如果，以防万一in short 简言之in turn因而，轮流地，反过来说in essence本质上survive幸

26、存，艰难度过notice注意到undertake承担，从事contrarily 相反地consequently 所以similarly同样地simultaneously 同时地heritage 遗产assessable可估价的，可评定的identifiable可确认的negligible微不足道的incredible难以置信的expense费用，代价restriction限制,约束allocation 分配availability可获得性incidence 发生率awareness 意识exposure 暴露，揭露popularity 流行provided 如果supposing如果，假设li

27、mite限制commit承诺dedicated致力于confine把限定在miss未察觉，错过track跟踪distinguish 区分discover （出乎意料地）发现，了解determine查明，确定detect察觉（细微或不易察觉的东西）dilute使变淡dissolve使溶解disperse使分散diffuse传播，扩散 particular 特定的 unique 独一无二的 typical典型的，有代表性的 sign标志stimuli刺激因素message 信息impulse冲动，动力 at first 起初at all根本,一点也（不）at large 全部 at times 有

28、时subject使遭受，使经受 draw吸引，使感兴趣 expose使暴露，使接触 ineffective无效果的 incompetent不能胜任的 inefficient效率低的 insufficient不充分的 introduce介绍，推行 summon召唤某人trigger引发，导致still仍然otherwise除此之外，在其他方面 nevertheless尽管如此be sure of 确信be sick of厌烦的be aware of察觉到be tired of疲倦的tolerate 容忍repel抵制，不愿接受neglect 忽视available可利用的reliable可信赖的

29、identifiable可辨认的suitable合适的similar to 类彳以于along with 与一起aside from 除以外（还）stand忍受cope应付、处理approve 赞成retain保持，保留for为得到toward接近，将近（完成某事）raise提高add添加take接受keep保持inflate膨胀expand扩张，扩大increase 增加extend延长，延伸predict 预测prove证明sustain维持，使持续dismiss不予考虑，摒除（思想）lodging寄宿处shelter收容所dwelling 住处search搜索stroll散步，闲逛cro

30、wd挤满wander流浪，徘徊existence存在，生活方式survival 生存maintenance维修，保养 turn around 使好转turn over（使）翻转turn on打开（电流，煤气） turn up开大，调高（音量） complex复杂的 comprehensive综合的，全面的 complementary 互补的 compensating 补偿的 put说，表达 interpret诠释，解释 assume假定，认为 make it获得成功 supervision监督，管理 manipulation 控制J,操控 regulation 管理 coordination协

31、作，酉己合 native当地人 inhabitant 居民 peoples民族，种族 individual 个人confusedly 迷惑地cheerfully兴高采烈地worriedly担忧地hopefully满怀希望地attain获得reject拒绝devoted投入的，忠诚的access to sth使用某物的机会权利 succession to sth 继承right to sth 的权力 return to sth 返回到 presumably据推测，大概 incidentally顺便提及地 origin起源impact影响reform改革allow许可，允许preach布道gran

32、t同意,授予fund资助，拨款as作为against 反对under受领导spread扩散，传播interference 干涉，干预exclusion排斥，拒绝support 支持plea请求urge敦促，强烈要求intend打算expect期望promise 承诺controlling 控制的former以前的remaining现存的，残留的original原来的，最初的tougher更强硬地contribute 贡献produce 产生prefer偏爱puzzled by为迷惑的hostile to对抱有敌意的 pessimistic about 对悲观的 unprepared for对未

33、准备好的 be selected to do sth被挑选做某事 be prepared to准备好做某事 be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事 be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事 subsequently 随后presently 目前previously 以前lately近来at the thought of 一想至U at the sight of 一看至U at the cost of以为代价at the risk of 冒的风险advise建议suggest 表明protest 抗议object反对in progress进行中的in fact事实上in

34、 need需要帮助的，在穷困中的 in question讨论中的，考虑中的 score得分calculate 计算unconsciously 无意识地disproportionately不相称地，不成比例地indefinitely不确定地unaccountably难以说明地，莫名其妙地mission 使命fortune运气，财富interest兴趣，利益career事业，生涯affirm证明witness 见证observe 观察approve 批;准given up to让给,陷入get over克服，解决carry on to持续到某一程度put down to归因于assess评估sup

35、ervise指导，监督administer 管理value重视consequence 结果instrument 工具 link联系，连接 integrate 融合 weave编织combine结合，组合limit sb to将某人限定在一范围内 subject sb to使某人遭受或经历 convert sb to使某人改变、皈依 direct sb to指引某人到 paradoxical看似荒谬的 incompatible不相容的，不一致的 inevitable不可避免的，必然的 continuous持续的,连续的 suppose 假定imagine 设想tend to do sth往往会（

36、做某事） fear to do sth害怕（做某事） happen to do sth碰巧（做某事） threaten to do sth威胁要（做某事） thinner更薄的stabler更稳定的lighter更亮的，更轻的dimmer更暗淡的，更愚笨的 tendency 趋势advantage 优势inclination倾向，意愿 priority优先权insist on 坚持sum up总计turn out结果是put forward 提出 spontaneous 自发的 inevitable不可避免的 gradual逐渐的invisible看不见的，隐形的 feature 特征cost

37、代价，成本 deliver递送，演讲 carry传送，携带 perform履行，实施 apply适用by chance 偶然in contrast 与相反 as usual 照旧moderate 缓和overcome克月艮reach达到above all首先，尤其是after all 毕竟otherwise 否则fundamental 根本的comprehensive 综合的equivalent 相等的hostile敌对的by accident 偶然in time最终so far迄今为止better still 更好affect影响achieve 完成extract提取，获取restore 恢

38、复end at在某时刻结束end up最终处于（意料之外的境况）,以一告终end with 以结束end off结束 controversial 有争议的 perplexing令人费解的 mischievous恶作剧的 ambguous模棱两可的 requirement 要求 explanation 解释 account描述，叙述 assessment 评估 conclde 推断matter要紧 indicate 表明 work起作用as far as 至于 for fear that 唯恐 in case that 以防so long as 只要 sentiment 情绪 illusion

39、幻想 suitable合适的 excessive过度的 abundant充裕的by oneself单独地convey传达consistent with 与相致的 parallel with 与对应的 peculiar to 特有的 evidence 证据guidance 指导implication暗示，可能的影响 source来源disputable有争议的 enlightening给人启迪的 reliable可信的misleading 误导的duly适当地accidentally 偶然地 unpredictably变幻莫测地 suddenly突然地fail to do 未能做, cease

40、to do停止做 continue to do 继续做, attempt to do 试图做 choose to do 选择做break打破surpass 超过hit达至！Jindicate表明，暗示stabilize 稳定boost促进，增进impair 削弱，feWtransmit传送，传递evaluate 评估measurable明显的，重大的manageable能处理的affordable便宜的，承担得起的renewable可更新的the opposite相反的结果the impossible难以实现的结果the average 平均值the expected预期结果harden（使）

41、变硬weaken减弱tighten（使）变紧relax（使）放松aggravate恶化，加剧generate 造成moderate缓和，减轻enhance加强，提高physical身体的mental精神的subconscious下意识的internal体内的，内心的exhaust耗尽，用光follow接着,在之后precede先于（发生或存在）suppress忍住,抑制flow into 流入flow from由一引起flow towards 流向flow beyond流过,溢出fetch取来bite 咬pick用手摘hold （用身体的某个部位）支撑，托住disappointed失望的，沮丧

42、的excited激动的joyful快乐的indifferent漠不关心的adapt to 适应cater to 迎合 turn to求助于react to （对）作出反应mention 提及modify修改recognize承认,认可restore 恢复establish 建立eliminate消除,根除challenge表示异议，质疑compromise 妥协suspect 怀疑accept认可，接受advance推动，促进bind/ bound约束，限制Jfound 成乂，建乂 resistant 抵抗的sunject服从的immune不受影响的prone易于的，倾向于的resort to

43、诉诸,求诸stick to 坚持evade回避deny否决settle处理line边界barrier障碍，妨碍similarity相似,类似conflict冲突,抵触serve为工作，为服务satisfy使满意，使满足upset使苦恼，使心烦意乱replace代替，取代confirm证实cultivate（力求）获得（友谊，支持）be guarded （被）防护，（被）保护 be tied （被）捆绑，（被）连接 concept 观念theory理论division差别，分歧convention社会习俗，惯例exclude把排除在外question质疑，怀疑shape对产生重大影响,决定的性质

44、release发布,发行rank把分等级,评级distort 歪曲suppress镇压，抑制exploit开发，利用address着手处理，解决accessible可到达的，可进入的amiable和谐可亲的agreeable符合的，一致的accountable 对负责的by all means千方百计，不惜一切办法at all costs不惜任何代价，无论如何as a result 结果criticize 批评appoint 任命comment 评论designate指定，认定declare 宣布activate 启动prompt 弓 I 起proceed 继续in the process of在过程中in the absence of 无需，没有in the presence of 在场，存在in the favor of 有利于reality 现实phenomenon 现象notice关注stay up熬夜crop up突然出现fill up充满cover up 覆盖enorm