考点38短文填空之自由填空-备战2022年中考核心考点清单(含答案解析).docx
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1、考点38短文填空之自由填空把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行,旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力,而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的,这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空810个单词,且没有任何提示,让考生根据短文内容自由填词,难度较大,主观性较强,有时可能出现多种答案。二、满分技巧1.解题步骤:(1)快速浏览,了解大意。对于简单把握的空,可以先填出来;(2)上下求索,填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,填出正确的词以及正确的形式:(3)
2、通读全文,检查确认。特别要注意,根据文章意思,有些空否要加入否定前缀。无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚o(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。(2)如果需要填入代词,就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法;(3)并列两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and, but, or 等;(4)两句之间,如果不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,因此需要填入从属连词(what,which, who, how, when等)。或者是宾语从句,定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构,分析到底是什么从句,
3、从而选择合适的从属连词。工跟踪训练,A下文是是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的小贴土(tips),请根据上下文,把短文填充完整,每空一词。Tips for teenagersStep 1: Be active in classGiving a speech in class might be 1, but it helps to make you feel moreconfident 自信).Its OK 2 you give the wrong answer. All smart students do and your classmates wont really care.Step 2:
4、Getting enough restPeople cant 3 well when they are tired. Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.Step 3: Develop healthy habitsStarting your young life 4 good habits helps you have a healthy future. Do some exercise and eat healthy 5.【答案】1. difficult 2. if 3. work / study / do 4. with
5、 5. food【解析】【分析】本文是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的建议:课上要活跃;要有足够的休息:养成健康的习惯。【1题详解】句意:在课堂上演讲可能很难,但它有助于让你感到更自信.连词but前后表示转折关系,but后表示在课上做演讲的好处,因此but前表示在课上做演讲的困难,作为系动词be的表语,用形容词,故填difficult。【2题详解】句意:如果你回答错了,也没关系。根据All smart students do and your classmates wont really care.可知,聪明的学生都这么做(犯错误),你的同学不会真的在乎。因此如果回答错了,也没有关系故填ifo【
6、3题详解】句意:人们累了就不能很好地工作或学习或做事。根据 uMake sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.w 可知,确保你有足够的睡眠和学习休息。因此人们累了就不能很好地工作,学习或做事。故填work/ study / doo【4题详解】句意:从小养成好习惯能帮助你拥有健康的未来。startwith用开始,用好习惯开始,with good habitso故填with。【5题详解】句意:做一些运动,吃健康的食物。根据Develop healthy habits”和“eat”可知,要养成健康的习惯,因此要吃健康的食物,故填food。BL
7、ast Saturday, I went out to see a film after supper. On my 6 to the cinema, I met an Englishman. He looked puzzled (茫然的).So I walked up to him and said7to him. His first 8 was Kevin. I asked if I could help him. He told mehe got9. He couldnt find his way to the hotel. So I gave up10 thefilm and took
8、 him to his hotel. While going there, I told him the great changes that had taken place 11 my hometown in the past few years. Kevin told me 12 interesting about his country.Though I didnt see 13 film, I felt very happy. I had not only helped Kevin get out of trouble,14 also practiced my spoken Engli
9、sh. I also realized that if I had not worked 15 at English, I would not have been able to help Kevin.【答案】6. way 7. hello/hi8. name 9. lost10. watching/seeing11. in 12. something13. the 14. but15. hard【解析】【分析】文章讲述了在上个星期六,作者在去看电影的途中遇到了一位迷路的英国人,所以作者放弃了去看电影,带着这位英国人到了他所住的酒店。两人不停地谈了一路,虽然没有看成电影,但作者很高兴,因为作者
10、不仅帮了这位英国人还练习了英语口语。【6题详解】句意:我在去电影院的路上遇到了一个英国人。此处考查固定短语on ones way to “在去的路上”。故填way。【7题详解】句意:所以我走到他跟前跟他打招呼。根据rwalked up to him”可知,此处应该是过去跟他打招呼,say hello/hi to sb.给某人打招呼。故填hello/hi。【8题详解】句意:他的名字叫凯文。根据Kevin”可知,这是这位英国人的名字。first name 名字”。故填name。【9题详解】句意:他告诉我他迷路了。根据He couldnt find his way to the hotel.”判断,
11、凯文是迷路了。get lost迷路。故填lost。【10题详解】句意:所以我放弃了看电影,带他去了旅馆。根据tookhim to his hotel.”可知,作者是放弃了看电影。看电影:watch/see a film。give up doing sth.放弃做某事。故填 watch ing/seeingo11题详解】句意:我告诉他过去几年我家乡发生的巨大变化。此处应该填一个介词,在我的家乡:in my hometown故填 in。【12题详解】句意:凯文告诉我一些关于他的国家的有趣的事。根据Kevin told meinteresting about his country.”可知,此处应该
12、填一个复合不定代词,又是肯定陈述句,因此填 something; something interesting ”一些有趣的事”。故填 something。【13题详解】句意:虽然我没有看成电影,但我感到非常高兴。根据went out to see a film after supper.w可知,此处是指上文提到的电影,因此用定冠词the。故填the。【14题详解】句意:我不仅帮助凯文摆脱了困境,而且还练习了我的英语口语。此处考查连词notonlybut also”不但而且”。故填but。【15题详解】句意:我也意识到,如果我不努力学习英语,我就无法帮助凯文。此处的work是动词,因此用副词修饰
13、,work hard “努力学习”。故填hard。CMozart is one of the greatest composers who ever lived. He was bom in 1756. When Mozart was three years old. He learned to play 16 harpsichord, which is a kind of piano. Mozart began to compose his own music at the age of five, and his father took him all over Europe to per
14、form for kings and queens when he was still a child.Mozart could write down a piece of music 17 if he had only heard it once. One day he went to hear a group of people singing in a big church in Rome. The song was very special. It was 18 only once a year and only in the church. No one else was allow
15、ed to have the music. Mozart listened to the song. Although it was very difficult and long, Mozart went back home and wrote down the 19 piece from memory. The head of the church heard about this,20 of being angry with Mozart, he gave him a prize.When Mozart grew up, people were not as interested in
16、him 21 before. He worked as a 22 and a pianist, he taught people how to play the harpsichord, but he did not make much money. In 1791, he died at the age of thirty-five. He was so poor that there was not enough money for him to have a proper grave. No one knows 23 he is buried.【答案】16. the17.even 18.
17、sung19. whole 20. instead21. as 22. teacher23. where【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文,文章讲述莫扎特的生平事迹以及他听一次就能写下整段音乐的音乐天赋。【16题详解】句意:他学会弹奏大键琴,大键琴是钢琴的一种。根据harpsichord可知此处是一种乐器,前面需用定冠词the。故答案为the。【17题详解】句意:莫扎特能写下一段音乐,即使他只听过一次这段音乐。此处用连词even if引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”。故答案为even。【18题详解】句意:这首歌人们只唱了仅仅一年,只允许在教堂唱。根据a group of people singing
18、 in a big church”可知此处表达这首歌被人们唱,用一般过去时的被动was sung。故答案为sung。【19题详解】句意:虽然这首歌很难很长,但是莫扎特回到家就凭记忆写出了整首歌。piece前缺形容词修饰,此处用the whole表示“整个的,全部的故答案为wholeo【20题详解】句意:教堂的首领听说此消息,没有对莫扎特生气,而是给他一个奖励。根据he gave him a prize”可知此处表示的是否定,用instead of doing表示“而不是故答案为instead。21题详解】句意:当莫扎特长大之后,人们不再像以前那样对他感兴趣。此处用“not asas表示不再像那
19、样”,此处用as before。故答案为as。【22题详解】句意:他做一个老师和钢琴家,他教人们怎样弹奏大键琴,但是他没有赚多少钱。根据he taught people how to play the harpsichordn可知他的工作是老师,根据a可知此处用单数名词teacher。故答案为teacher。23题详解】句意:没有人知道他被埋在什么地方。动词knows后面是宾语从句,根据buried可知此处指的是地点,用where。故答案为 where oAs we all face the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒),protecting yourself is t
20、he same as protecting others. Here is some safety 24 for you from the World Health Organization (WHO) to help prevent the coronavinus.Stay away from crowds and wear masksThe virus can spread from person to person. If you have to go to crowded places, remember to wear a mask. Keep at least one meter
21、of distance between 25 and others, especially those who are coughing or sneezing.Why? The coronavirus can be spread through mucus droplets (粘液飞沫)and travel one to two meters in the air before falling to the ground. The droplets can be spread26 by sneezing or coughing than by speaking. If you are too
22、 close, you can take in the virus. Wearing a mask can prevent droplets from reaching your face or mouth.Open the window to ventilate (通风)the roomKeep proper indoor ventilation while youre at home. Open windows to let in fresh air during the day. Ifs best to do this three times a day for 15 minutes t
23、o half an hour each time.Why? According to the research, indoor air is often more polluted than outdoor air. The simple act of opening a window even in cold weather can reduce the pollution. Therefore, keep the window open,27 you may catch the virus when it builds up to a certain amount.Keep up good
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