音标 (2)(教育精品).ppt
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1、英语国际音标表英语国际音标表元音(20个)长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/e/双元音/e/a/a/e/英语音标及字母组合对照一、元音1)i:发音字母:eeeaeieeithreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeeatteameatleaveteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceive辅音(28个)清辅音/p/t/k/f/s/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/d/dz/dr/r/鼻音/m/n/半元音/j/w/边音/2)发音字母:iyesitpictureitislistsixpigbigbuildmi
2、ssmanytwentyhappydictionarydecidedelicious3)发音字母:abaghandandanthappyhatmapblackbackgladflagman4)e发音字母:eaeaheadbreadsweaterbreakfastheavypleasureelephantrememberselllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyesmanyany7):发音字母:aracarfarmcardarmgardenaskfastclasslastglassaunt8)发音字母:uoouooupsupperlunchfunrunhuntcupbuscome
3、motherdosebrotherloveabovetroublebloodflood5):发音字母:irurearerorgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnburnmurdernurseturtlepurpleThursdaylearnearlyearthheardtermherworkworkerwordworld6)发音字母:eroroaeurureteacherunderrememberplayerfathermotherfarmerafterdoctoractorforgettogethertomorrowtodaylessonwelc
4、omepolicemanaroundaboutagoelephantawaybananaChinastudentchildrenopendifferentSaturdaypicture9):发音字母:alarauorouroorallsmallwalltalktallballcallwalkwarmquarterdaughterautumnshorthorseforfortysportdoorfloorstorefouryourdoorfloor10)()发音字母:oaorangehotlostlotfoxboxhoplotnotwantwhatwashwatch11)u:发音字母:ooout
5、oozoofoodschoolroomgoosetoothwhodotwotoshoewhosetruetruthbluefullruler12)发音字母:ooouuolookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldwouldputfullpullpushwomanwolf13)e发音字母:aayaieyeanamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaydayawayrainpainteighteighteeneightytheygreygreatbreak14)发音字母:oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowyel
6、lowbelowthrowblowshowrowboatcoatgoat15)a发音字母:iyighbikefinefindhininefivericewritelikemytryflybylightnighthigh16)a发音字母:ouowhouseoutaboutgroundcountsoundblousearoundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtownbrown17)发音字母:oyoiboytoytoiletoilnoise18)发音字母:eerearerebeerdeerearneardearhere19)(e)发音字母:earairereeirpearbearc
7、hairairtherewheretheirtheirs20)发音字母:uresure二、辅音ppeapeachpigpinkpurplemapttwotootoboattentwelvek(k、c、ck)comecapcatbikecakeblackduckffishfrogfootfacefarmthreemouthssnakesingfaceshipsheepshopshehhenhousehorsehandhairtsskirtsstudentsshirtstChineseChinapeachbeachchickentrtreetraintrousersbbeebigbyeblackb
8、edbearbookbananadbeddaddoneedduckheadgbagpigdogegggirlvvestveryliveleavewithzzoozebrameasurepleasuredorangejuicedzwordshandsheadsfriendsdrdrinkdressdriverrabbitredricemmonkeymilksomecomegamennosesonsunrunchickenpenkingsingEnglishjyesyellowyouwwaterwatermelonwhitellionlemonblueleglamp一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音a
9、在开音节中einameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中i:hethesemeChinese在闭音节中ebedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中aibikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中outhoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中Cclocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中ju:studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读u:
10、音,例如:Junebluerulersuper二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词a在w音后面Cwantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前:afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前aifindchildlighthigho在-st-ld前oumostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前comemonkeylovemother三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词aEEChinaanotherwomanbreakfastorangecomradevillageca
11、bbageeEhundredstudentopenweekendchickenpocketbeginchildreniE/holidaybeautifulfamilyanimalaiexercisesatelliteoEsecondtonightsomebodywelcomeEualsozerophotouEautumndifficultju:popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母jlrs后面时,读u:音,例如:JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue在非重读音节中,许多单
12、词中的元音字母aei即可以读作E音,也可以读作音。四、-r音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词ar在w音后面:carfarmdarksharpenerC:warmquartertowardsor在w音后面C:fortymorningshortE:wordworkerworseerirurE:certainlybirdThursday辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读E音,例如:dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday五、-re音节元音字
13、母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词areEcaredarehareereiEheremereireaiEfirehirewireoreC:morescorebeforeurejuEpurecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读E音,例如:picturepleasure重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读r音。例如:parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orangeveryAmericanparagraph六、元音字母组合在
14、重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词ai/ayeiafraidrainwaitdayplayairEairhairchairpairrepairal在fm前CsmallballtalkwallallC:lalwaysalsosaltalmost:halfcalmau/awC:autumndaughterdraweai:teacheasycheappleaseeheavybreadsweaterweathereibreakgreateariEheardearnearclearyearEbearpearwearswearE:earthlearnearlyeei:jeepweekgreenthree
15、eeriEpioneerdeerbeerei/eyeieightneighbourtheyi:eitherkeyeu/ew在jlrs后ju:newfewnewspaperu:flewbrewjewelryie/eis音之后i:piecefieldreceiveoaoucoatJoanboatgoaloar/oorC:roarboarddoorflooroi/oyCinoisepointboytoiletoou:broomfoodtoothschoolbooklookcookfootgoodou/owauflowerhousecountdownouknowrowthrowthoughyoungc
16、ountryenoughu:groupyousoupourC:courseyourfourauEourhouroursE:journeyui在jlrs后ju:ifluidsuicidetuitionu:juicefruitsuit七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音元音字母组合或字群读音例词ai/ayei/eySundayforeignmonkeyowouyellowsparrowtomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读E音或。例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee-sion-tionFnimpressionnation-sion在元音字母后Vnvis
17、iondecisionoccasion-tion在s后tFEnquestionsuggestion-stensnlisten-stleslwhistle-sureVEpleasuremeasure-turetFEpictureculture八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everydayeihandbagblackboardC:有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳+dayei日子Sunday星
18、期天holy神圣+dayei日子holiday假日break中断+fast:斋戒breakfastE早餐cup茶杯+board木板C:cupboardE碗柜九、辅音字母组合的读音bbikebusbag/bombtombcc在e前或在i/y前kcakepicturecoatmusicsfacedecidecinemachtFmuchchickrichteacherkschoolheadachechemistryFmachine-ckkcockpocketblackknockdddoctorbreadhandday-dgedVbridgefridgedr-drchildrendriverdrink
19、fffivefourbreakfastgg在ei/y前baggardengodVorangelargeGermanghfcoughenough/lightdaughterhighgu-guegu在非重读音节中guessleaguedialoguewlanguageanguishhhhotheadhousehand/hourhonestjdVjeepjarjokejoinJulykkkindbikeskatemakeweekkn-nknifeknowknocklllifemilkschooltallmmmonkeycomeautumn-mnmautumncolumnsolemnnn在kg音前nn
20、otshinetennoteNunclethankhungry-ngNmorningyoungwrongpppaperplanepigshippenphfelephantphototelephoneqkIraqqu-kwqualityquiterrredrubberrulers在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前ssitsleepdeskzmusichusbandsc-skscarletsmusclescienceshFshefishshirtwasht在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前ttenlettermeetFpatientnationtchtFwatchth在通常情况下在冠词代词介词
21、连词中在词尾-the-ther中thinthirtymethodtr-trtreetraincountrytruckvvveryvoiceloveleavewwweekwinwakesweetwait/Answertwowh-wh-在字母o前wwhatwhenwhitewhyhwhowhosewholex在重读元音前ksboxtextexercisegzexampleexistexactwr-rwritey-jyesyardyellowyoungzzpuzzlezerozoox:这个字母跟f,l,m,n,s,z一样同属限音/e/一族,什么叫限音/e/呢,就是这些字母的读音都含有/e/,限音的意
22、思就是这些字母在组成单词的时候,发音要去掉/e/,比如x这个字母的发音是/eks/,那么在它组合单词的时候,发间就变成了/ks/。同样的,其它几个限音/e/一族也遵循着这个规律。(当然有时会有浊化音的产生,比如说s的读音为/es/,在单词中有时会读成/s/,有时则会浊化为/z/)。c:这个字母大家很熟悉,它在单词中大多发/k/和/s/两种音,在这里我要说的是,c这个字母在a,o.u的前面多发/k/,在e,i,y前多发/s/。下面介绍一个很有用的发音组合就是:元音+辅音+不发音的e。这个规则的意思有两点:1、当一个组合是由元音+辅音+字母e组合的时候,那么这个字母e在其中不发音。2、在这个组合中
23、,元音字母通常都读字母的本身音。如:use,excuse等。m:这个字母多发两个音,由于音标是一样的,所以在这里没法对两个读音作区分,那么在这里只需记住一个单词就可以清楚的了解在什么情况下m这个字母发何种音,这个单词就是mum,很简单,m在元音前和在元音后所发的音是不一样的。y:这个字母号称半元音。它在组合单词的时候一共有三种发音,分别是/j/,/ai/,/i/。当y在词首的时候,它发/j/,如yes,yard,yet等。当y存在于词中和词尾的时候又分为两种情况:1、当单词中没有元音的时候,y发/ai/,如my,fly.2、在单词中已经含有元音的时候,y发音为/i/,如family,sorry
24、.ar:这个是比较常见的字母组合,它在单词中通常都发音为/a:/,如,car,pardon.1.名词名词可以分为专有名词(ProperNouns)和普通名词(CommonNouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(IndividualNouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。2)集体名词(CollectiveNouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。3)物质名词(MaterialNouns):表示无法
25、分为个体的实物,如:air。4)抽象名词(AbstractNouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(CountableNouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(UncountableNouns)。类可以下图表示:_|专有名词|名|个体名词|可数名词|集体名词|普通名词|词|物质名词|不可数名词|抽象名词|1.1名词复数的规则变化_情况构成方法读音例词_一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags读/z/;car-cars_以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加
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