2012高考英语Unit4《Astronomy:thescienceofthestars》知识与要点课件新人教版必修3.ppt
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1、话题1.Science of the stars(恒星科学)2.The development of life(生命的发展)3Space travel and gravity(太空旅行和重力)功能Instructions(指示)语法Noun clauses as the subject(主语从句)重点单词astronomy,atmosphere,system,chain,theory,globe,violent,unlike,spaceship,oxygen,harmful,exist,presence,puzzle,gravity,satellite,climate,crash,pull,f
2、loat,mass重点短语in time,lay eggs,give birth to,in ones turn,prevent.from,block out,cheer up,now that,break out,watch out重点句型1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible f
3、or life to develop.3“Oh dear,”I cried,“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”4But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.1exist vi.存在;生存存在;生存(无被动式和进行时无被动式和进行时)归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)There exists/existed.某地有某地有;存在;存在exist in存在于存在于
4、exist on靠靠生活生活/生存生存(2)existence n存在;生存存在;生存be in existence存在存在come into existence开始产生,成立开始产生,成立bring into existence使产生使产生(3)existent adj.存在的;现行的存在的;现行的We cant exist without food or water.没有食物和水我没有食物和水我们们就不能生存。就不能生存。I can hardly exist on the wage that Im getting.我靠我我靠我挣挣的工的工资简资简直直难难以糊口。以糊口。When did t
5、he world come into existence?世界是什么世界是什么时时候开始存在的?候开始存在的?There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决目前地理有一个解决目前地理问题问题的好的好办办法。法。【链接训练链接训练】He doesnt believe in the _ of God.Alife Bexist Cexistence Dexhibition【解解析析】existence“存存在在”,符符合合题题意意。exist是是动动词词,不能用在此处。句意为:他不相信有上帝存在。不能用
6、在此处。句意为:他不相信有上帝存在。【答案答案】CAs everyone knows,since the Communist Party of China _ in 1921,great changes have taken place in China.Acame into effect Bcame into forceCcame into existence Dcame into power【解解析析】考考查查动动词词词词组组辨辨析析。句句意意为为:众众所所周周知知,自自从从1921年年中中国国共共产产党党成成立立后后,中中国国发发生生了了巨巨大大的的变变化化。come into exis
7、tence“开开始始产产生生,成成立立”,符符合合题题意意。come into effect“生生效效,执执行行”;come into force“开开始始生生效效”;come into power“上台,掌权上台,掌权”。【答案答案】C2puzzle nCC难题,谜难题,谜vt.使迷惑使迷惑归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑感到困惑(2)puzzle sb.使某人迷惑使某人迷惑puzzle out 仔细思考,设法想出答案仔细思考,设法想出答案(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的令人困惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的感到困惑的People were in
8、a puzzle about the crash in which the president of Poland died.人们对总统坠机身亡这一事件感到困惑。人们对总统坠机身亡这一事件感到困惑。Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。What puzzles me is why he left the meeting without telling anyone.令令我我困困惑惑不不解解的的是是,他他为为什什么么没没告告诉诉任任何何人人就就从从会会议议上上离开了。离开
9、了。【链接训练链接训练】Facing the_situation,the sales manager looked_.Apuzzling;puzzled Bpuzzling;puzzling Cpuzzled;puzzled Dpuzzled;puzzling【解解析析】句句意意为为:面面临临着着令令人人困困惑惑的的局局势势,销销售售部部经经理理看看起起来来迷迷惑惑不不解解。第第一一空空形形容容situation的的特特点点用用puzzling;表示人困惑时用表示人困惑时用puzzled。故正确答案为。故正确答案为A项。项。【答案答案】A3pull n&vt.拉拉(力力);拖;牵引;拖;牵引(
10、力力)归纳拓展归纳拓展pull apart拉开;分开;扯断拉开;分开;扯断pull away(汽车汽车)开走;把开走;把抛在后面抛在后面pull in进站;吸引进站;吸引pull out离站;离站;(使使)摆脱困境摆脱困境pull over靠路边停车靠路边停车pull through恢复健康;完成恢复健康;完成(十分困难的事十分困难的事)pull up使车停住使车停住pull down贬低贬低(人人);拆毁;拆毁(建筑物建筑物)He gave a strong pull at the rope.他用力拉了拉他用力拉了拉绳绳子。子。Tom jumped onto the bus just as
11、it was pulling away.公共汽公共汽车车正要开走正要开走时时,汤汤姆跳了上去。姆跳了上去。He succeeded in pulling through the difficulty.他平安地渡他平安地渡过过了了难难关。关。The workers are trying to pull down the dangerous houses.工人工人们们正在努力拆正在努力拆毁毁那些危房。那些危房。【链接训练链接训练】She _ her car suddenly at a red light and I nearly hit her car.Apulled up Bpulled dow
12、nCpulled in Dpulled out【解解析析】考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意为为:在在红红灯灯前前她她突突然然把把车车停停下下,我我差差点点撞撞上上她她的的车车。pull up“停停车车,把把车车停停下下”,符符合合题题意意。pull down“拆拆毁毁,摧摧毁毁”;pull in“进进站站”;pull out“驶出驶出(车站车站)等,等,(使使)摆脱困境摆脱困境”。【答案答案】A4cheer vt.&vi.(使使)高高兴兴;(对对)欢欢呼呼n愉愉快快,欢欢呼;喝彩呼;喝彩归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)cheerful adj.快乐的,高兴的快乐的,高兴的cheering n.
13、欢呼,喝彩欢呼,喝彩 adj.令人振奋的,令人高兴的令人振奋的,令人高兴的Cheers!(用于祝酒用于祝酒)干杯!干杯!(2)cheer up使高兴,使振奋;高兴起来,振作起来使高兴,使振奋;高兴起来,振作起来cheer sb.on(比赛中比赛中)激励某人;为某人加油激励某人;为某人加油The good news cheered everybody who heard it.好消息使每一个听到的人感到高好消息使每一个听到的人感到高兴兴。The spectators cheered the runners on.观观众用喝彩声众用喝彩声为赛为赛跑跑选选手加油。手加油。Cheer up!Our t
14、rouble will soon be over.振作起来!我振作起来!我们们的困的困难难很快就会很快就会过过去。去。【链接训练链接训练】_,dear!Things wont be as bad as you think.There certainly will be chances for you.AHurry up BLook upCCheer up DMake up【解解析析】考考查查情情景景交交际际。句句意意为为:亲亲爱爱的的,振振作作起起来来!事事情情并并不不像像你你想想象象得得那那么么糟糟。你你一一定定还还有有机机会会。Cheer up!“振振作作起起来来,别别灰灰心心!”用用于于
15、鼓鼓励励对对方方。Hurry up“抓抓紧紧时时间间,赶赶快快”,用用于于催催促促某某人人;Look up“向向上上看看”;Make up固固定定短短语,意为语,意为“组成;弥补;编造组成;弥补;编造”。【答案答案】CThe nurse tried to _ up the little boy when he started to cry.Acheer Bdress Cget Dmake【解解析析】句句意意为为:当当这这个个小小男男孩孩开开始始哭哭时时,护护士士设设法法让让他他高高兴兴起起来来。cheer sb.up“使使高高兴兴,使使振振奋奋起起来来”,符符合合题题意。意。【答案答案】A1i
16、n time 及时;总有一天;迟早及时;总有一天;迟早 归纳拓展归纳拓展in no time立立刻刻,马马上上(once/immediately,用用于于句句首首时时不倒装不倒装)ahead of time 提前;提早提前;提早at times有时有时at one time一度;从前;曾经一度;从前;曾经at a time依次;逐一;每次依次;逐一;每次for the time being暂时;眼下暂时;眼下take ones time别着急;慢慢来别着急;慢慢来at no time 绝绝不不,在在任任何何时时候候都都不不(用用在在句句首首时时,句句子子要要部分倒装部分倒装)Will we b
17、e in time for the six oclock train?我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗?我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗?If you keep on working hard,youll succeed in time.如果坚持努力工作,你总有一天会成功的。如果坚持努力工作,你总有一天会成功的。Youre here in time.你终于来了。你终于来了。She ran up the stairs two at a time.她一步两台阶地跑上楼梯。她一步两台阶地跑上楼梯。The boss ordered us to finish our task ahead of time
18、.老板命令我们提前完成任务。老板命令我们提前完成任务。【链接训练链接训练】She started as an office junior,and _ became the director of the whole company.Ain surprise Bin return Cin turn Din time【解解析析】句句意意为为:她她起起初初只只是是一一名名办办公公室室职职员员,最最终终成成了了整整个个公公司司的的董董事事。in surprise“吃吃惊惊地地”;in return“作作为为回回报报”;in turn“轮轮流流,依依次次”;in time“终终于于,一一段段时时间间后后
19、”。故选。故选D。【答案答案】D _ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.AAt no time BIn no timeCAt one time DAt a time【解解析析】at no time“绝绝不不”,表表示示否否定定意意义义,置置于于句句首首引引起起倒倒装装。in no time“立立即即,马马上上”;at one time“曾曾经经”;at a time“每每次次,一一次次”。它它们们均均不不表表否否定定意意义义,不不能能引引起起倒装。倒装。【答案答案】AIts ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了轮到
20、某人做某事了I will,in my turn,clean the window next week.下周轮到我擦窗户了。下周轮到我擦窗户了。Mary and Helen took turns sitting/to/to sit/sit/at sitting up with their sick mother.玛丽和海伦轮流照看她们生病的母亲。玛丽和海伦轮流照看她们生病的母亲。He asked each of us in turn to answer his questions.他要我们每个人依次回答他的问题。他要我们每个人依次回答他的问题。I think its my turn to dri
21、ve the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。【链接训练链接训练】People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and this _ creates further problems.Ain short Bin case Cin doubt Din turn【解解析析】in turn意意为为“反反过过来来,依依次次,轮轮流流”。根根据据句句意意“人人们们为为了了避避免免公公共共交交通通造造成成的的延延误误使
22、使用用私私家家车车,而而这这反反过过来来产产生生了了进进一一步步的的问问题题”,可可确确定定选选D项项。in short意意为为“简简而而言言之之”;in case意意为为“万万一一”;in doubt意意为为“不不能能肯肯定定的,可怀疑的的,可怀疑的”。【答案答案】D【链接训练链接训练】Some policeman should be sent to _ them _ the trees.Aprevent;to cut down Bstop;cutting downCkeep;to cut down Dkeep;cutting down【解解析析】prevent/stop/stop/keep
23、 sb.from doing sth.意意为为“阻阻止止某某人人做做某某事事”,排排除除A、C两两项项;又又因因prevent/stop后后的的from在在主主动动语语态态中中可可省省略略,而而keep后后的的from不不可可省省略略,排排除除D,故故B项正确。项正确。【答案答案】BIt seems very difficult _.Ato stop the child to cryBto prevent the child cryingCto keep the child cryingDto protect the child from crying【解解析析】句句意意为为:似似乎乎很很难难
24、阻阻止止这这个个孩孩子子哭哭。D项项中中的的protect指指“保护保护”,不合题意。,不合题意。【答案答案】B4break out(火火灾灾、战战争争等等)突突然然发发生生,爆爆发发(无无被被动动语语态态)归纳拓展归纳拓展break away from 脱离脱离(政党等政党等);打破;打破(陈规等陈规等)break down 出出故故障障,抛抛锚锚;(计计划划等等)失失败败;(身身体体、精精神神等等)垮掉;坍塌;中止;垮掉;坍塌;中止;(化合物等化合物等)分解分解break in 破门而入,突然闯入;打断破门而入,突然闯入;打断(话语等话语等)break into 破门而入;突然破门而入;突
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