5租船运输实务与法律-定期租船合同dlm.pptx
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1、定期租船合同交船履行还船七大法律问题1.交船2.雇佣指示3.租金支付与撤船4.停租条款5.船舶描述与履约索赔6.还船7.定期租船合同下的货物责任定期租船合同标准条款干散货定期租船NYPE 46/93 纽约土产格式Baltime 巴尔的摩格式Sinotime 中国租船公司定期租船合同格式油船BPTIMESHELLTIME定期租船合同的主要法律问题定期租船合同的主要法律问题(一)(一)交船交船Delivery of the Ship基本规则船东应该按照合同约定的时间和地点交船地点不一定是港口:“VesseltobedeliveredondroppinglastoutwardseapilotatXX
2、X”(DLOSP)如果船东延迟交船,承租人有权索赔因此产生的相关损失承租人可能有权取消合同(销约条款)标准条款SHELLLNGTIME1,Clause7“OwnersshalldeliverthevesseltoCharterersatthepilotboardingstationinbound/outboundatUnlessotherwiseagreedtheVesselshallnotbedeliveredtoCharterersbeforehrslocaltime.butmustbedeliveredtoCharterersnolaterthanhrslocaltimeChartere
3、rsshallhavetheoptionofcancellingthischarteriftheVesselisnotreadyandattheirdisposalduringthisperiod.”标准条款BPTIME3,Clause2“2.3IfatanytimeitappearstoCharterersthattheVesselwillnotbedeliveredinaccordancewithClause1bytheCancellingDate,CharterersmayrequiretheOwnerstostateinwritingthedateandtimethattheyexpe
4、cttheVesseltobereadytobedelivered,suchstatementtobegivenwithin(96)hoursofCharterersrequest.2.4IfthedateandtimenotifiedbyOwnersfallsaftertheCancellingDatethenCharterersshallhavetheoptionofcancellingthisCharterwithin(120)hoursofreceiptofthesaidnoticefromOwnersorwithin(48)hoursaftertheCancellingDate,wh
5、icheverisearlier.IfCharterersdonotexercisetheiroptiontocancelthisCharterthenthenewCancellingDateshallbe(12)hoursafterthedateandtimenotifiedbyownersorsuchotherdateandtimeasmaybemutuallyagreed.”标准条款GentimeClause1(b)DeliveryPlace:TheOwnersshalldelivertheVesseltotheCharterersattheportorplacestatedinBox8
6、oraportorplacewithintherangestatedinBox8(c)DeliveryTime:Deliveryshalltakeplacenoearlierthanthedate/timestatedinBox9andnolaterthanthedate/timestatedinBox10.Deliveryshallbeeffectedatanytimedayornight.Saturdays,Sundaysandholidaysincluded.受载期LaycanLaycan规则和航次租船合同相同通常而言,在laycan第一天之前,承租人无义务接受船舶交付如果船舶不能在销约
7、日前交付,不论原因为何,承租人皆有权取消合同;但除非另有约定,否则承租人不可在销约日前取消合同承租人有权取消合同的同时索赔损失clause7ofShellLNGTime1providesthat“.theVesselmustbedeliveredtoCharterersnolaterthan”承租人应该严格按照相应合同条款行使销约权销约权必须在合同约定的时限内行使,否则销约权就会丧失。如果合同没有约定,则必须在合理期限内行使。销约权如丧失,则租船合同的全部效力不受影响,承租人必须接受交船,并开始履行相应义务销约期GentimeClause1(d)Cancellation:ShouldtheVe
8、sselnotbedeliveredbythedate/timestatedinBox10theCharterersshallhavetheoptiontocanceltheCharterpartywithoutprejudicetoanyclaimstheCharterersmayotherwisehaveontheOwnersundertheCharterparty.IftheOwnersanticipatethat,despitetheirexerciseofduediligence,theVesselwillnotbereadyfordeliverybythedate/timestat
9、edinBox10,theymaynotifytheCharterersinwriting,statingtheanticipatednewdateofreadinessfordelivery,proposinganewcancellingdate/timeandrequiringtheChartererstodeclarewhethertheywillcancelorwilltakedeliveryoftheVessel.ShouldtheChartererselectnottocancelorshouldtheyfailtoreplywithintwoworkingdays(asapply
10、ingattheCharterersplaceofbusiness)ofreceiptofsuchnotification,thenunlessotherwiseagreed,theproposednewcancellingdate/timewillreplacethedate/timestatedinBox10.ThisprovisionshalloperateonlyonceandshouldtheVesselnotbereadyfordeliveryatthenewcancellingdate/timetheCharterersshallhavetheoptionofcancelling
11、thisCharterparty.交船时对船舶状态的要求交船时,船舶应当适航“shebeingineverywayfittedforordinarydrycargoservicewithcargoholdswellswept,cleanedandreadytoreceivecargobeforedeliveryunderthischarter.”Upondeliverythechartererscanrequiretheshiptobeintheconditionspecifiedinthecontractandreadytocommencecommercialtradingforthem交船
12、时船上燃油如何处理LinertimeClause6BunkersTheCharterersatportofdeliverytotakeoverandpayforallfuelremainingintheVesselsbunkersat(a)currentprice,attherespectiveports(b)afixedpricepertonTheVesseltobedeliveredwithnotlessthanthenumberoftonsandnotexceedingthenumberoftonsstatedinBox25intheVesselsbunkers.交船时相关港口使费如何分
13、担LinertimeClause5TheChartererstopayalldock,harbour,lightandtonnageduesattheportsofdelivery(unlessincurredthroughcargocarriedbeforedelivery)定期租船合同的主要法律问题定期租船合同的主要法律问题(二)(二)承租人雇佣指示承租人雇佣指示Charterers Employment Order航次租船合同与定期租船合同在雇佣指示方面的对比航次租船合同中,双方当事人的权利义务已经大部分预先设定在合同条款中,所以承租人给予船东履行合同的指令的权利是非常有限的。定期租船合
14、同中,承租人想要履行的航次并未预先设定,所以承租人有足够权利给予船东履行合同的具体指令。定期租船合同下承租人的权利定期租船合同下承租人的关键权利(KeyRights)To decide where the vessel shall go and what she shall carry,how(in short)she shall be used,always subject to the terms of the charterparty.The language used is general and the power correspondingly wide.The nature an
15、d purpose of time charter is to enable the charterers to use the vessel during the period of the charters for trading in whatever manner they deem fit.定期租船合同下承租人的权利承租人实现其权利的途径雇佣和指示条款Employment Clause承租人有权就船舶的商业运营商业运营给予指示,且(通常)有义务补偿因此类指示而给船东带来的损失雇佣指示条款的例子Baltime1939,Clause9“TheMastertobeundertheorder
16、softheCharterersasregardsemployment,agency,orotherarrangements.TheChartererstoindemnifytheownersagainstallconsequencesorliabilitiesarisingfromtheMaster,OfficersorAgentssigningBillsofLadingorotherdocumentsorotherwisecomplyingwithsuchorders,aswellasfromanyirregularityintheVesselspapersorforover-carryi
17、nggoods.”雇佣指示条款的例子NYPE1946,Clause8“ThattheCaptainshallprosecutehisvoyageswiththeutmostdespatch,andshallrenderallcustomaryassistancewiththeshipscrewandboats.TheCaptain(althoughappointedbytheOwners),shallbeundertheordersanddirectionsoftheCharterersasregardsemploymentandagency;”雇佣指示条款的例子LinertimeClause
18、10MasterTheChartererstogivethenecessarysailinginstructions,subjecttothelimitsoftheCharter.TheMastertobeundertheordersoftheCharterersasregardsemployment,agency,orotherarrangements.TheMastertoprosecuteallvoyageswiththe utmost despatchTheMastertokeep full and correct logs accessibletotheCharterersorthe
19、irAgentsIftheCharterershavereasontobedissatisfiedwiththeconductoftheMastertheOwnersonreceivingparticularsofthecomplaint,promptlytoinvestigatethematter,and,ifnecessaryandpracticable,tomakeachangeintheappointments.雇佣指示条款的例子UtmostdespatchDuringtheseavoyagethemastermustchoosethefastestroutewithoutjeopar
20、dizingthesafetyoftheshipBeforearrivalinport,alldocumentsmustbepreparedtoavoiddelaywithformalitiesThemastermustsuperviseloadinganddischarginginordertogetthequickestpossibledespatch雇用补偿承租人指示给船东造成的损失,承租人有义务补偿该补偿如果没有明示在合同中,法律通常也会默示该补偿的存在,除非合同有相反约定。如果损失是由于航海风险(navigational risk)导致的,而不是雇佣指示导致的,那么船东不能要求补偿。
21、船东必须证明其损失是其遵循承租人雇佣指示的直接后果(direct cause)雇用补偿通常而言,在没有明示条款的情况下,以下两种船东遵循雇佣指示而产生的损失,船东不得要求承租人补偿该指示是船东有义务拒绝的指示损失是由于船长或船员的介入行为导致雇佣指示的含义船舶和船员的利益承租人和货方的利益船长在贸易过程中通常会面对利益冲突雇佣指示的含义通常而言,船长需要对有关船舶安全和贸易合法性的问题负责“Thecharterersrighttousethevesselmustbegivenfullandfaireffect;butitcannotencroachonmattersfallingwithin
22、the specialised professional maritime expertise of the master,particularly where the safety or security of the vessel,her crew and her cargo are involved.Heistheperson,onthevessel,immediatelyresponsible.Technicalquestionsconcerningtheoperationofthevesselareforhim.”雇佣指示的含义承租人有权给予船长有关船舶商业营运的指示(commerc
23、ial operation),而船长也必须遵循此种指示承租人无权给予船长有关船舶航行安全(safe navigation)的指示,而船长也必须拒绝遵循此种指示雇佣指示的含义从A港前往B港在特定时间通过特定路线从A港前往B港在特定时间通过特定路线从A港前往B港,但是船长判断在这个时间航行或走这条航线是危险的。X雇佣指示的含义“subjecttosafetyconsiderationsandthespecifictermsofthecharter,thecharterersmaynotonlyorderavesselfromAtoBbutmayalsodirecttheroutetobefollo
24、wedbetweenthetwo.”雇佣指示与船舶适航 X装载某类货物以某特定方式堆放货物,只要堆放方式是安全的以某特定方式堆放货物,但是该种堆放方式会影响船舶稳定性遵守应该拒绝的指示的后果如果船长遵守了他本应该拒绝的指示,那么由于遵守该指示而产生的任何损失,船东不可以寻求赔偿。The owner is not entitled to any indemnity forlossesorliabilitiesincurredwhilstperformingtherequiredordersincethecauseofthelossorliabilityisnottheorderofthechar
25、tererbutthefaultorneglectofhisownservantoragent.雇佣指示船长有义务有义务(必须必须)拒绝的指示非法指示涉嫌欺诈的指示货物不清洁的情况下,承租人指示船长签发清洁提单(clean bill of lading)在付运期经过的情况下,承租人指示船长倒签提单(ante-dated bill of lading)即使承租人明确其将给与船东补偿,该补偿协议由于涉嫌欺诈也无法在法院得到执行雇佣指示在对货物状况存在确实的争议,而承租人许诺以补偿换取船长清洁提单时,该补偿协议能够得到执行“Theremayperhapsbesomecircumstancesinwh
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