八年级下册情态动词讲解(共3页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上情态动词（一）情态动词的定义:情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点1. 情态动词有一定的词义。2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语，它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。3. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化。（三）情态动词的结构和意义1.情态动词的基本句型n 肯定句： 主语+情态动词+动词原形+.n 否定句： 主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+.n 疑问句： 情态动词+主语+动词原形+.2. 情态动词的意义 must“必须” ； can/could“能，会” ； may/might “可以”； should“应该”； would“愿，要” ； have t

2、o“不得不” ； need“需要”（四）情态动词的基本用法1.can (could主要指过去时间 ) 1） 表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会” : Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。2） 表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上） He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3） 表示允许： Can I have a look at your new pen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the b

3、ook out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4） 表示对现在动作或状态的猜测，主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹句中: He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。5） could表示比can更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法，指的是现在时间。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand?帮我一把好吗？can 和be able to的用法比较(1) 主语都可用来表示“有能力”， be able to强调通过努力而做到的。A deer can / is able to run very fast.(2

4、) be able to 可以表示“在过去某人能够做某事且做到了”。All the people were able to run out of building from the big fire.2. may (might)1）表允许，询问或说明一件事可不可以做，might指过去时间；但在疑问句中might也可指现在时间，语气比may更委婉。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？肯定回答：may,或Yes, please. / Certainly./Sure./Of course. 否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到

5、弱分：must not(mustnt)（禁止）/ had better not（最好别）/ may not（不行）2) may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那样肯定。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3. must（have to表示客观需要）1）表示 “必须”（主观看法）时，用于肯定句或疑问句；用于否定句时表示“禁止”。We must do everything step b

6、y step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。3)must的疑问句，肯定回答用must， 否定回答用neednt或dont have to。4.shall1）在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中，也用于第三人称)，其意为“要不要”、“好吗”：Shall I get you a chair for you? 要不要我给你拿把椅子来?2）在陈述句表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称： You s

7、hall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)That day shall come那一天一定会来。(表必然性)Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. 告诉他这本书明天给他。(表允诺)【注】有时用于第一人称，表示决心：I shall return. 我一定回来。(表示决心)5.should1）表责任或义务，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be

8、 very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。6.will1）表意愿,用于各种人称。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。2)will在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗？7.would1）will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志、意愿”。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）would用于现在时间，表示比较委婉

9、地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？8.need1)need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句疑问句；作为实义动词可用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句中。You neednt telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。2)回答由need引起的问句时，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答是用neednt-Need I come?-Yes, you must.-我需要来吗？-需要。情态动词练习题( )1.John_cometoseeustonight,butheisntverysureyet.A.may B.can C

10、.hasto D.must( )2.They_dowellintheexam.A.canbeableto B.beableto C.canableto D.areableto( )3.-MayItakethisbookout? -No,you_.A.cant B.maynot C.neednt D.arent( )4.You_goandseeadoctoratoncebecauseyouregotafever.A.can B.must C.dare D.would( )5.-CanyouspeakJapanese? -No,I_.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.mayno

11、t( )6.-He_beintheclassroom,Ithink.-No,he_beintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.A.can;maynot B.must;maynot C.may;cant D.may;mustnt( )7.-ShallIgetonemorecakeforyou,Dad? -Thanks,butyou_,Ivehadenough.A.maynot B.mustnot C.cant D.neednt( )8.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscantworkoutthisproblem,soitbeveryd

12、ifficult.A.may B.must C.can D.need( )9.Heisntatschool.Ithinkhe_beill.A.can B.shall C.must D.hasto( )10._Itakethisone?A.May B.Will C.Are D.Do( )11.Thechildren_playfootballontheroad.A.cant B.can C.mustnt D.must( )12.You_belateforschoolagainnexttime.A.mustnt B.neednt C.donthaveto D.dontneedto( )13.-Mus

13、tIdomyhomeworkatonce? -No,you_.A.neednt B.mustnt C.cant D.maynot( )14.Hisarmisallright.He_goandseethedoctor.A.hasnotto B.donthaveto C.haventto D.doesnthaveto( )15.Hehadtogiveuptheplan,_he?A.did B.didnt C.does D.doesnt( )16.Theyhadtowalkhere,_they?A.mustnt B.did C.didnt D.hadnt( )17.Hehadbetterstayhe

14、re,_he?A.didnt B.dont C.hadnt D.isnt( )18.Youdbetter_latenexttime.A.nottobe B.notbe C.wontbe D.dontbe( )19.Youdbetter_yourhair_onceamonth.A.had;cut B.had;cutted C.have;cut D.have;cutted( )20.You_askthatmanoverthere.Maybeheknowstheway.A.hadbetternotto B.hadnotbetter C.hadbetter D.hadbetternot( )21.-S

15、hallwegoandvisittheHistoryMuseumnextSunday? -_.A.Hereyouare B.Sorry,Icant C.Yes,please D.Letmetry( )22.-WhydontyouaskMiketogowithus? -Thanks,_.A.Iwill B.Iwont C.lean D.Imay( )23.-_Itakethenewspaperaway? -No,youmustnt.You_readitonlyhere.A.Must;can B.May;can C.Need;must D.Must;must( )24.Excuseme._youp

16、leasepassmethatcup?A.Do B.Should C.Would D.Must( )25._youliketohaveanothertry?A.Could B.Will C.Would D.Do( )26.-Wouldyouliketogoboatingwithus?-Yes,_.A.Idlike B.Iwant C.Idliketo D.Ido( )27.You_worryaboutyourson.Hewillgetwellsoon.A.neednt B.cant C.mustnt D.haveto( )28.Thepoormanneedsourhelp,_he?A.need

17、 B.neednt C.does D.doesnt( )29.-Mustwedoourhomeworkfirst? -No,you_.Youmayhavearestfirst.A.mustnt B.neednt C.maynot D.cant( )30. I was told to be here before eight. -Oh, you _. Im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan. A. must B. cant C. may D. neednt( )31. You _ write the poem down

18、. Our teacher will give us a copy. A. cant B. shouldnt C. neednt D. mustnt( )32. We _ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. A. may B. should C. can D. need( )33. Mrs. Green _ go to hospital, but now she is in good health. A. has to B. needs to C. used to D. ought to( )34. Will you answer the phone? It _ be your mother. -Sorry, I _. Im busy. A. can, mustnt B. will, cant C. may, cant D. need, will( )35. There is somebody at the door. _ I go and see who it is? A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Would专心-专注-专业