中考总复习动词时态详解.ppt

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1、中考总复习动词时态详解 作者：陈兰林动词的构成1.be 动词2.助动词3.情态动词4.系动词5.实义动词 be 动词nbe动词的几种形式1)am is are2)was were3)being4)Been be动词的用法1.与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用1)I am a doctor.2)He is ten.3)They are tired.4)The cat is under the table.be动词的用法 2.There be 句型1)用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前There is a pen on the desk.There is some water in the glass.

2、2)用于复数名词之前There are some sheep in the hill.3)用于一般将来时There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.4)用于一般过去时There was a book on the desk yesterday.注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。be动词的用法3.Be 动词在时态中的运用1)在现在进行时中 We are talking.2)在过去进行时中 We were talking at this time yesterday.助动词n助动词的几种形式1)do/dont 2)Does/d

3、oesnt3)Did/didnt4)will/wont5)have havent/has hasnt/had hadnt 助动词的用法 1.对句子进行否定和疑问1)Do you get up early every day?2)I didnt have lunch yesterday.3)Will you be back soon?4)He hasnt finished the work yet.2.在反意疑问句中1)He works in a school,doesnt he?2)She has never been there,has she?3.在倒装句中1)They helped th

4、e farmers,so did we.2)I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.情态动词1.共同特点1)情态动词后面跟动词原型2)无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词3)只有时态变化，没有人称变化 情态动词 2.解释1)can/could在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，could比can语气更委婉。Can I help you?Could you open the window?在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。I can swim.I could swim at the age of five.情态动词 2

5、.解释2)Must/have toMust 表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustnt，否定回答用needntI must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.情态动词2.解释3)May 表示请求别人允许。May I use your bike?表示可能性。He may be a

6、 teacher.He may live in this building.系动词 1.我们所学过的系动词是1)Get，turn，be come，be动词2)感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel2.系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构1)I feel hungry.2)The day gets longer and longer.3)He looked happy.实义动词1.实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。2.实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。3.做谓语动词的用法 动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词 实义动词注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律1)

7、He works in the office.2)We are dancing together.3)I caught a cold last week.4)She has watered the flower.实义动词4.做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）动词会有三种形式：1)原型(do)2)动名词(doing)3)不定式(to do)实义动词1)用原型：a)let sb.dob)make sb.doc)help sb.(to)dod)had better do 实义动词2)用动名词：a)like doingb)enjoy doingc)finish d

8、oingd)介词之后用动名词 be good at doingwhat about doingthank you for doing 实义动词 3)用不定式：a)want to dob)decide to doc)plan to dod)would like to doe)learn to dof)tell sb.(not)to dog)ask sb.(not)to do实义动词n注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:remember doing/to do forget doing/to do stop doing/to do go on doing/to do 时态 n一般现在时n一般将来时n一般

9、过去时n现在进行时n现在完成时n过去进行时n过去将来时n过去完成时一般现在时1.表示一般情况和经常发生的动作。2.时间状语为1)every day 或 every 引导的时间状语2)often，always，usually 一般现在时3.动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加“s”1)work-works2)辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carries3)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash-washes4)go-goes5)do-does6)have-has 一般现在时4.例句1)He goes to school on foot every day.2)We often hav

10、e supper at home.3)She doesnt do her work every Sunday.现在进行时 1.表示正在发生的动作。2.时间状语：now/Look/Listen3.由be动词动词ing构成4.动词变化加ing1)clean-cleaning2)以不发音“e”结尾的，去掉字母“e”，再加ingmake-making3)重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ingswim-swimming现在进行时4.例句1)The boys are playing now.2)Look!They are planting trees.3)Listen!He is singing.

11、一般将来时1.表示将来发生的动作。2.时间状语：1)next 引导的词组2)tomorrow 引导的词组3)the day after tomorrow3.动词变化：will+动词原型4.例句1)I will visit you tomorrow.2)He wont come back next week.一般过去时1.指过去发生的动作或事情2.时间状语：1)yesterday 引导的词组2)ago 引导的词组3)last 引导的词组4)the day before yesterday 一般过去时3.动词变化：动词变成过去式，动词加“ed”4.Play-played1)辅音字母和“y”结尾的词

12、，如carry-carried2)重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加edstop-stopped3)不规则动词见书后动词表 一般过去时4.例句1)He bought a book yesterday.2)I watched a match last week.3)He left here two days ago.现在完成时 1.动词变化 动词变成过去分词加ed1)Play-played2)辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carried3)重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加edstop-stopped4)不规则动词见书后动词表2.动词由have（has）+过去分词 构成现在

13、完成时 3.表示动作已经完成1)He has left.2)I have already had a rest.4.表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用）1)He has been away for two days.2)I have already taught in this school since 1990.3)The bird has been dead for a month.4)We have made lots of friends since we came here.过去进行时 1.指在过去的某

14、一个时间正在发生的动作。2.时间状语1)at this time yesterday2)at five oclock yesterday afternoon3.动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成4.例句He was watching TV at this time yesterday.过去将来时1.指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。2.动词由would+动词原型构成。3.例句He would go to the park the next day.He said he would work hard next term.过去完成时 1.指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。2.动词由had+过去分词构成。3.例句she had borrowed a book before she went to the park.We had learned many new words by the end of last term.