非谓语动词做状语.pptx
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1、非谓语动词过去分词 v-ed不定式to do动名词现在分词分 词-ing 形式动名词-ing现在分词v-ing第1页/共84页动词不定式的使用To do like that is foolish.I want to see you I am to visit youHe has lots of work to do.I study hard to improve English.The teacher ask me to answer the question.主语 宾语表语 定语 状语 宾补第2页/共84页1.主语swimming is my hobby.2.宾语I like swimmin
2、g.3.表语My hobby is swimming.4.定语I want to buy a swimming suit.动名词可以以下成分:第3页/共84页1.表语The music is moving.2.定语I dont like the people talking loudly in public.3.宾补We heard her singing in her room.4.状语Reading a newspaper,She sat at the table.现在分词可以以下成分:第4页/共84页1.表语The teacher is moved.2.定语I dont like the
3、 man talked about at the party.3.宾补We heard a song sung in her room.4.状语Lost in a newspaper,She didnt notice me.过去分词可以以下成分:第5页/共84页非谓语动词的句法功能主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语不不定定式式动动名名词词分分词词主语宾语表语宾补定语状语主语宾语表语定语表语宾补定语状语第6页/共84页非谓语动词,不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语动词,并且句中没有连词时,需要用非谓语动词了。The girl is Mary.If I am given more
4、time,I ll catch up with you.The girl dancing in the hall is Mary.Given more time,Ill catch up with you.主语系(谓语)表语非谓语动词(定)非谓语动词(状语)连词主语谓语宾谓语Analyze the sentence:划分句子结构第7页/共84页观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyou
5、rexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()第8页/共84页观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsd
6、iedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan.()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()第9页/共84页观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghim
7、anorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()原因状语条件状语结果状语伴随状语目的状语 时间状语 第10页/共84页一.非谓语动词做状语的形式:doing/havingdonedone/beingdone/havingbeendonetodo/tobedone二.做题方法:析句子结构,找逻辑主语,辩逻辑关系,判动词先后三.高考易混点第11页/共84页1)分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehav
8、ing been done主动,与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动,先于谓语动词发生被动被动,正在进行,一般作原因状语放句首被动,先于谓语动词发生第12页/共84页2)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义To do 主动,将来主动,将来To be doneTo be doingTo have doneTo have been done 被动,被动,将来将来主动,主动,正在正在主动,完成主动,完成被动,完成被动,完成第13页/共84页1.Seeing from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.2.The lawyer
9、listened with full attention,trying not to miss any point.3.Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.4.Having waited in the queue for half of an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.一.doing/having done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词为主动关系,having done 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。After t
10、he old man _ in the queuefor half an hour,he suddenly realized he hadhad waited第14页/共84页1.Seen from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful.2.Compared with those who lived in the slums,Children here are really lucky.3.Having been separated from other continents for millions of years,Austral
11、ia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.4.Having been shown around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.5.Beingrepaired,theaccesstothemuseumislocked.二.done/being done/having been done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系;having been d
12、one 发生在主句谓语动词之前第15页/共84页1.Not to fail the examination,all the students are studying hard.2.He hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.3.He hurried to the booking office only to find that all the tickets had been sold out.4.I feel greatly honored to be welcomed into their socie
13、ty.三.to do 做目的,原因,结果状语 to be done 是被动结构目的状语结果状语结果状语原因状语第16页/共84页表目的表 原 因表 结 果不定式作状语第17页/共84页2)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义To do 主动,将来主动,将来To be doneTo be doingTo have doneTo have been done 被动,被动,将来将来主动,主动,正在正在主动,完成主动,完成被动,完成被动,完成第18页/共84页I study hard _ the people well.to serveTo serve the people well,I study ha
14、rd.(置于句首加强语气)In order to serve the people well,I study hard.(更加强语气)I study hard so as to serve the people well.(不可用于句首)表目的第19页/共84页He is lucky _ here on time.to getI am happy _ you again.Li Ming seemed willing _ that.I am sorry _ that.to seeto doto hear(作原因状语时常修饰表感情的形容词,表示产生这种感情的原因.)表 原 因第20页/共84页I
15、hurried to get there only to find him out.He hurried to the station,only to be told the bus had left.1)(only to do 表示意料之外的结果)2)too.to/enough to/so as to表 结 果His family was too poor to support him He is old enough to go to school.The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄,像一座塔 第21
16、页/共84页不定式做状语时应该注意:1not/nevertootodo,toonottodo,but/onlytootodo,tooreadytodo,tooeagertodo表示肯定意义。Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedthat.他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。Sheistoosadnottohelpcrying.她那么伤心,忍不住哭了。Iamonlytoogladtohelpyou.我很高兴能帮助你。Iamonlynevertoogladtoknowyou.认识你我再高兴不过了。Marywasonlytooreadytohelpothers.玛丽总是乐于助人.
17、Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudrivecar.你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。第22页/共84页1)分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done主动,与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动,先于谓语动词发生被动被动,正在进行,一般作原因状语放句首被动,先于谓语动词发生第23页/共84页1.表时间2.表原因4.表方式,伴随5.表结果现在分词做状语3.表让步第24页/共84页1.表时间2.表原因4.表伴随5.表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步第25页/共84页A.作时间状语:When they he
18、ard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.=_(hear)the bad news,they couldnt help crying.When we were taken around the city,we were deeply impressed by the citys new look.When _ around the city,we were deeply impressed by the citys new look.After he finished his work,he went home._ his work,he went h
19、ome.Hearing taken Having finished第26页/共84页B.作原因状语:Because he was poor,he could not afford to travel abroad.=_(be poor),he could not afford to travel abroad._(encourage)by his heroic deeds,they worked harder._(lose)in thought,he almost ran into a post._(frighten)by the big forest fire,the animals all
20、 ran away._(not know)her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Being poorEncouragedLostFrightenedNot knowing第27页/共84页Because I hadnt received his letter,I decided to call him up.=_(not receive)his letter,I decided to call him up._(never be)to the city,he soon got lost.Not having receivedHaving ne
21、ver been第28页/共84页C.方式/伴随状语:She watched the film,_(weep)and _(sigh).The teacher stood there,_(surround)by a lot of students.D.作条件状语:If I were given another chance,I would have done the job far better.=_ another chance,I would have done the job far better.(If)_(play)all day,you will waste your valuabl
22、e time.weepingsighingsurroundedGivenPlaying第29页/共84页E.作结果状语:(意料中的结果)The hunters fired,_(shoot)one of the wolves.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.区别:不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station,only _(find)the train had left.F.作让步状语:Though it heavily rained heavily,it cleared up ve
23、ry soon.=_,it cleared up very soon.Though _(tell)of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.shootingcausingto findRaining heavilytold第30页/共84页分词作状语时,需注意:A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是_ _(see)from the hill,the city is beautiful._(see)from the hill,you can see the whole city.B.分词短语的位置:一般来说,时间,原因,条件
24、,让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾.Finding the door locked,Tom went home.(_)Tom went home,finding the door locked.(_)主句的主语SeenSeeing原因结果第31页/共84页二.非谓语动词做状语的解题方法第32页/共84页(一)析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.B
25、eing told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldCA注意连词第33页/共84页非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。(二)找逻辑主语1.They went into the room,laughing and talking.2.Given more time,I can do better.一般来说,作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的_.主语 第34页/共84页1._ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen2._
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