特殊句型课件.ppt

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1、基础知识基础知识：英语高考中的英语高考中的“特殊句式考点、特殊句式考点、解题技巧及巩固练习解题技巧及巩固练习”特殊句式在高考中的考查重点特殊句式在高考中的考查重点 强调句强调句1.强调句型用于强调陈述句；强调句型用于强调陈述句；2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句；强调句型用于强调一般疑问句；3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句；强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句；4.强调句型的调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序；强调句型的调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序；5.强调句型用于强调强调句型用于强调notuntil句型句型;6.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句的混合强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句的混合考查。考查。替

2、代替代1.do/does/did替代动词替代动词;2.so和和not分别代替肯定和否定的分别代替肯定和否定的从句从句.（不用（不用IT）省略省略1.主语的省略；主语的省略；2.谓语或谓语的一部分的省略；谓语或谓语的一部分的省略；3.宾语的省略；宾语的省略；4.不定式的省略；不定式的省略；5.宾语从句和状语从句中的省宾语从句和状语从句中的省 略；略；6.虚拟条件句中虚拟条件句中if的省略。的省略。倒装句倒装句1.部分倒装；部分倒装；2.完全倒装完全倒装3.常考的几个重要句型：常考的几个重要句型：So+be/情态情态/助动词助动词+主语主语Neither+be/情态情态/助动词助动词+主语主语So

3、+adj/adv+that Neither,nor Not only,but also Not until 一些基本句型：一些基本句型：句型1、“It+be+时间before/since/when/that”1.It was two years _he realized the truth.2.It will be two years _ the economic situation improves.3.It was two years later _ he realized the truth.4.It is/has been two years _ he lived here.A.bef

4、ore B.when C.since D.that AADC5.It was midnight _ he arrived home.6.It was at midnight _ he arrived home.7.It was not until midnight _ he arrived home.A.before B.when C.since D.that DBD 再看下面两题：(1)It was the park _ he first met his wife.(2)It was in this park _ he first met his wife.wherethat句型句型2 1)

5、would rather that somebody did“宁愿宁愿；更愿意；更愿意”(表示现在或将来的愿望表示现在或将来的愿望)would rather that somebody had done“宁宁愿愿；更愿意；更愿意”（表示过去的愿望）（表示过去的愿望）Id rather you posted the letter right now.我我想让你现在去寄信。想让你现在去寄信。Id rather you were not a celebrated actor.In that case,we could spend more time together.(,in which case,

6、we could spend more time together为定语从句）为定语从句）我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。多的时间在一起。Id rather that I hadnt seen her yesterday.我我情愿昨天没有看到她。情愿昨天没有看到她。句型句型3 as if/though+主语主语+did/had done好像好像（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时表示现在或将来的情况用过去时；表表示过去的情况用过去完成时示过去的情况用过去完成时）Our head teacher treats us as if we

7、were her own children,so all the students in our class think highly of her.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。句型句型4 “wish+宾语从句宾语从句”，表示不大，表示不大 可能实现的愿望可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望：主语表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时；过去时；表示过去的愿望：主语表示过去的愿望：主语+had done；表示将来的愿望：主语表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could doHow I wish we stud

8、ents had more free time to relax ourselves!我们学生多么希望有更多的自由我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己！时间放松自己！I failed in the maths exam.How I wish I hadnt wasted so much time playing!What a pity you cant go to the party.How I wish I could dance with you at the party!句型句型5 Its high/about time that somebody did(should do)(sh

9、ould通常不省通常不省)早就该早就该 Its time that you went to school.=Its time that you should go to school.Its high time that we did something to improve our environment.该是我们为环保做些事情了。I think its high time that she made up her mind.我想她该拿定主意了。句型句型6情态动词情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法动词不定式完成结构的用法could have done“本来可以本来可以”（表示过去没有实现（表

10、示过去没有实现的可能）。的可能）。might have done“本来可能本来可能；本来应该或可以做；本来应该或可以做某事某事”（实际没有发生；含有轻微的责备语气。（实际没有发生；含有轻微的责备语气。should/ought to have done“本来该做某事本来该做某事”（而实际（而实际未做）未做）should not/ought not to have done“本来不该做本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）neednt have done“本来不必做本来不必做”（但是已经做过了）（但是已经做过了）would rather have done“当时宁

11、愿做了某事当时宁愿做了某事”（实际（实际没有做过）；否定式没有做过）；否定式would rather not have done表达相表达相反意思，两者都有表示反意思，两者都有表示“后悔后悔”之意。之意。句型句型7as,though,although引导的让步状引导的让步状语从句。语从句。注意注意although位于句首；位于句首；though位于句首或句中；位于句首或句中；as位于句中位于句中=though(尽管）尽管）,它的词序是把句它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。放在连词前。例句例句1.Although/Though Im you

12、ng,I already know what career I want to follow.Young as/though/that I am,I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。2.Although/Though I respect him very much,I cannot agree with his idea.Much as/though I respect him,I cannot agree with his idea.虽然我很尊重

13、他，但是我不同意他的观点。虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。3.Although/Though he is a child,he knows a lot of Chinese characters.Child（省略冠词）（省略冠词）as/though/that he is,he knows a lot of Chinese characters.他虽然还是个孩子，却认他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。识了许多汉字。4.Although he tried,he couldnt solve the problem.Try as he might,he couldnt solve the pr

14、oblem.尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。5.Although it is raining,Im going out for a walk.Raining as it is,Im going out for a walk.天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。6.Strange as it may seem,nobody was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。7.Object as you may,I will go.纵使你反对，我也要去。句型句型8 before特殊用法特殊用法（1）“没来得及没来得及就就”The roof fell b

15、efore he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。了。He ran off before I could stop him.我还没我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。（2）“过了多久才过了多久才”或或“动作进行到什么程度才动作进行到什么程度才”They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.他们西行他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。英里才看到一个

16、村庄。He almost knocked me down before he knew it.他几乎撞到我了才意识到。他几乎撞到我了才意识到。Five years went by before I knew it.不知不觉，五年过不知不觉，五年过去了。去了。句型句型9It was+时间段时间段+before.“过了多久才（怎么样）过了多久才（怎么样）”It was not long before.“不久，就不久，就”It will(not)be+时间段时间段+before.“要过多久（不久）要过多久（不久）才才”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态从句谓语动词要用一般时态)It was no

17、t long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。不久他就意识到他处境的危险。It was five days before he came back.五天后他才回来。五天后他才回来。句型句型10in case of(+n.)“以防；万一以防；万一”；in case that“以防，万一以防，万一”（谓语动词用一谓语动词用一般现在时态或般现在时态或should+动词原形动词原形）例句In case of fire,what should we do?Please remind me about it in case

18、 I forget/should forget.万一我忘了，请提醒我。In case(that)John comes/should come,please tell him to wait.Please take your umbrella in case(that it rains/should rain).带上雨伞，以防下雨。句型句型11 It强调句型强调句型强调句的基本构成：It is/was+被强调的部分+who（主要指人时）/that+其余部分注意注意1这种结构不能强调谓语动词强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when,where或how,必须用that。例句例句1I saw him

19、 in the street yesterday afternoon.It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语）（强调主语）It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语）（强调地点状语）It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语）（强调时间状语）It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afte

20、rnoon.（强调宾语）（强调宾语）例句例句2He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.例句例句3Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him.It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.只有你快

21、要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。重他。例句例句4I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.（强调句中只能强调由（强调句中只能强调由because引导引导的原因状语从句，的原因状语从句，because不能换成不能换成since,as,for,now that等）等）注意注意

22、2强调句的疑问结构强调句的疑问结构一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分被强调部分+who/that?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+is/was+it+who/that?例句1I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.When was it that you saw him in the street?Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?例句2I dont know when he will come back.I dont know whe

23、n it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序）句型句型12（1）、祈使句（表条件）、祈使句（表条件）+or else/or/otherwise+主句（表结果）主句（表结果）“否则否则，要不然，要不然”（2）、祈使句（表条件）、祈使句（表条件）+and+主句主句（表结果）（表结果）例句Hurry up,or youll be late for class.Think it over and you will find the answer.Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。得寸进尺。Work

24、 hard and you will make progress every day.好好学习，天好好学习，天天向上。天向上。句型句型13until.“直到直到时候时候”；notuntil“直到直到才才”例句例句You are to stay until/till your mother comes back.你你得等到你妈妈回来。得等到你妈妈回来。The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.Not until all the fish died i

25、n the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒（倒装句）装句）等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.（强调句）Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wa

26、sted much time playing computer games.句型句型14 unless“除非，如果不除非，如果不”(=ifnot)例句I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果不下雨，我明天去。I wont attend his birthday party unless invited(=unless I am invited).除非被邀请，否则我不去参加的生日晚会。句型句型15when引导的从句引导的从句when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得语从句、表

27、语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是引导并列分句，意思是“这时这时突然；就在那时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：常用于以下句型中：（1）、主语）、主语+be doing when意思是意思是“正在正在做某事这时做某事这时”；（2）、主语）、主语+be about to dowhen；（3）、主语）、主语+be on the point of(doing)when意思是意思是“正要去做某事这时正要去做某事这时”I was walking along the river when I hear

28、d a drowning boy cry for help.我正我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。求救。I was about to leave when it began to rain.我刚要离开，这时下雨了。我刚要离开，这时下雨了。句型句型16 while引导的从句引导的从句while除了有除了有“当当/在在时候时候”的意的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（思也是考查的重点：（1）while=although“尽管尽管”、

29、“虽然虽然”，引导，引导让步状语从句；（让步状语从句；（2）while的意思的意思是是“然而；可是然而；可是”，常用来表达对比。，常用来表达对比。例句例句While I understand your viewpoint,I dont agree with you.虽然我了解你的见解，虽然我了解你的见解，我还是不我还是不能同意（你）。能同意（你）。I earn only 120 dollars a week,while she earns 180 dollars.我一星期只赚我一星期只赚120美元，她却赚美元，她却赚180美元。美元。句型句型18 what引导的从句引导的从句what在英语中非

30、常活跃在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。既可以指人，也可以指物。What is the population of the world?世界的人口有多少？What did you pay for this picture?这幅画你付了多少钱？What is most important in life isnt money.人生最重要的并非是金钱。Will you show

31、 me what you bought?可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗？Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago.Mary已经不是10年前的她了。句型句型19 as引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know;as is well known to;as is often the case;as is said/mentioned above;

32、as has been said before;as I told you before;as is evident;as often happens;as can be seen;as is/was expected;as we expect;as I can remember等。句型句型20which引导的非限制性定语从句（也引引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性定语从句）导限制性定语从句）which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词的）、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表

33、达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which，只指物。句型句型21（1）、疑问词）、疑问词+ever whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however用来引导让步状用来引导让步状语从句，相当于语从句，相当于no matter和和what,who,which,when,where,how连连用用 句型句型22 It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语气，即主语+(sh

34、ould)+动词原形动词原形例句Its necessary that Tom take the exam first.Tom有必要先参加考试。With the society developing very fast,its quite necessary/important that we(should)have a good knowledge of English and computer.随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要精通英语和电脑。句型句型23Its strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise(that)should doshould表示

35、表示“竟然竟然”例句Its a pity that she should miss the chance.很遗憾她错过了机会。Its really surprising that a prophecy（预言）should coincide with the fact so exactly.令人惊讶的是，预言和事实竟然如此巧合。Its strange that he shouldnt pass the exam.奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。考点全解考点全解考点一强调句考点一强调句考点二反意疑问句考点二反意疑问句高考对反意疑问句的考查以考查反意疑问部分的高考对反意疑问句的考查以考查反意疑问部分的变

36、化为主，主要集中在以下四个方面：变化为主，主要集中在以下四个方面：1考查对含有情态动词的句子的反意疑问。这考查对含有情态动词的句子的反意疑问。这些情态动词主要有些情态动词主要有would，must，would rather，used to，ought to，had better等。等。2考查对含有易混动词的句子的反意疑问。比考查对含有易混动词的句子的反意疑问。比如如have既可以是助动词，也可以是实义动词；既可以是助动词，也可以是实义动词；need，dare既可以是情态动词，也可以是实义动词。既可以是情态动词，也可以是实义动词。3考查对祈使句的反意疑问。当主句为祈使句考查对祈使句的反意疑问。当

37、主句为祈使句时，反意疑问部分用时，反意疑问部分用will you。而由。而由lets构成的祈使句，构成的祈使句，反意疑问部分则用反意疑问部分则用shall we。祈使句的形式多样，大。祈使句的形式多样，大家要注意辨别。家要注意辨别。考点三祈使句、感叹句考点三祈使句、感叹句1要特别注意要特别注意祈使句祈使句and/or陈述句陈述句这一句型。这一句型。2感叹句：在由感叹句：在由what构成的感叹句中，构成的感叹句中，what修饰的中心词是修饰的中心词是名词，其结构是：名词，其结构是：Whata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓形容词单数可数名词主语谓语；语；What(形容词形容词)复数名词复数名词/不

38、可数名词主语谓语。在由不可数名词主语谓语。在由how构成的感叹句中，构成的感叹句中，how修饰的中心词是形容词或副词，其结构修饰的中心词是形容词或副词，其结构是：是：How形容词形容词/副词主语谓语；副词主语谓语；How形容词形容词a/an单数单数可数名词主语谓语。可数名词主语谓语。【情系考场情系考场】7_ways to be more gentle with the Earth，or well be punished.ATo find B FindingCFound DFind【情系考场情系考场】8_role she played in the film！No wonder she has

39、won an Oscar.AHow interesting BHow an interestingCWhat interesting DWhat an interesting考点四倒装句考点四倒装句1完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装是指当某一特定内容出现在句首时，将谓语动词完全倒装是指当某一特定内容出现在句首时，将谓语动词直接提至主语之前构成的倒装。直接提至主语之前构成的倒装。(1)here，there，in，out，up，down，away等介词、副等介词、副词放在句首时应使用完全倒装。但是使用完全倒装时应注意主词放在句首时应使用完全倒装。但是使用完全倒装时应注意主语必须为名词，主语为代词时不能使用

40、倒装句型。语必须为名词，主语为代词时不能使用倒装句型。(2)in front，in the distance，to the east of等地点状语放句等地点状语放句首时应使用完全倒装。首时应使用完全倒装。2部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装是指当某一特定内容出现在句首时，不能将谓语部分倒装是指当某一特定内容出现在句首时，不能将谓语动词直接提至主语前面，而须在主语前加上助动词。动词直接提至主语前面，而须在主语前加上助动词。(1)hardly，scarcely，barely，little，never，seldom等否等否定副词出现在句首时应使用部分倒装。定副词出现在句首时应使用部分倒装。(2)not un

41、til出现在句首时应使用部分倒装。出现在句首时应使用部分倒装。(3)hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than(一一.就就.)中中hardly，scarcely，no sooner位于句首时主句应使用部分位于句首时主句应使用部分倒装结构。倒装结构。(4)so(用于肯定句用于肯定句)，neither/nor(用于否定句用于否定句)表示表示也也，出现，出现在句首时应使用部分倒装结构。在句首时应使用部分倒装结构。(5)only出现在句首修饰介词短语、副词和从句时应使用部分出现在句首修饰介词短语、副词和从句时应使用部分倒装结构；倒装结构；only修饰主语时不能使用倒装结构。

42、修饰主语时不能使用倒装结构。(6)not only.but also.连接两个分句且连接两个分句且not only位于句首时，第位于句首时，第一个分句倒装，第二个分句不倒装。其连接两个主语时不倒装。一个分句倒装，第二个分句不倒装。其连接两个主语时不倒装。(7)在在so/such.that.结构中，当结构中，当so/such出现在句首时应使用部出现在句首时应使用部分倒装结构。分倒装结构。考点五省略与替代考点五省略与替代1状语从句中的省略现象：省略从句中的主语状语从句中的省略现象：省略从句中的主语和和be动词，只保留分词或不定式，此种情况适用于动词，只保留分词或不定式，此种情况适用于从句和主句的主

43、语一致时；省略从句中的主语和从句和主句的主语一致时；省略从句中的主语和be动词，保留从属连词及表语，此种情况适用于从句动词，保留从属连词及表语，此种情况适用于从句的主语是的主语是it时。时。【情系考场情系考场】17_，the experiment is sure to succeed.AIf carefully doing BIf it done carefullyCIf carefully done DIf it doing carefully2替代性省略：替代性省略：1_the end of the performance did the audience get the chance t

44、o take photos with the respectable actor.AAt BByCUp to DNot until解析：从句子中解析：从句子中did the audience get the chance可知，此可知，此处是倒装语序，选项中只有处是倒装语序，选项中只有D项项Not until放在句首时句子才进放在句首时句子才进行部分倒装，其他选项都没有该用法，由此选行部分倒装，其他选项都没有该用法，由此选D项。项。答案：答案：D2Once upon a time there was a mountain，on the top of which_in which lived th

45、ree monks.Adid a temple stand Bstood a templeCa temple stood Da temple did stand3Only under special circumstances_to take makeup tests.Aare freshmen permittedBpermitted are freshmenCfreshmen are permittedDare permitted freshmen4_the Website of the Fire Department in your city，and you will learn a lo

46、t about firefighting.AHaving searched BTo search CSearching DSearch5-_you write so well?-By reading and keeping diaries every day.AHow is it BWhat is itCHow is it that DWhat is it that 6_happened to be no one in that house when the typhoon hit the area.AIt BThereCThis DThat7It was not until she coll

47、ected enough material_to create her new novel.Adid she begin Bwhen she beganCthat she began Dthat did she begin 8Seldom_computer games ever since he entered college.Adid he play Bhas he playedChe played Dhe has played9It was by making great efforts_she caught up with other students.Ahow BwhenCwhat D

48、that10Little_about H1N1 so far，so there is no doubt that many people are afraid when talking about the disease.Adid scientists knowBscientists have knownChave scientists known Dhad scientists known11-You forgot your purse when you went out.-Good heavens，_.Aso did I Bso I didCI did so DI so did12It w

49、as lack of money，not of effort，_defeated their plan.Awhich BasCthat Dwhat13It was after careful consideration_we decided to take action.Awhich BthatCwhy Dwhen14The child tiptoed quietly to the bird._into the forest when he was about to catch it.AFlew it away BAway flew itCAway it flew DFlew away it15It is the test system，rather than the teachers，_is to blame for the students heavy burden nowadays.Awho BthisCthat DwhomBYE!