英语句子结构ppt.ppt

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1、关于英语句子结构PPT现在学习的是第1页，共26页 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 （S+Vi）主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语(S+Vt+O)主语主语 系动词系动词 表表(S+LV+predicative)主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 (S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型现在学习的是第2页，共26页简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序(时间）时间）主语主语 动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语 （谓语

2、）（谓语）方式方式地点地点（时间）（时间）The taxi driver shouted at me angrily on the street last night.This morning a young girl walked confidently in the room 现在学习的是第3页，共26页简单句的扩展成份简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。I bought a rain c

3、oat with a warm lining(衬里，内层衬里，内层).A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.现在学习的是第4页，共26页简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要有下列四种句型它是最小的句子单位。主要有下列四种句型 陈

4、述句陈述句 疑问句疑问句 祈使句祈使句 感叹句感叹句Examples:The boy hit the dog.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!How slowly the train is!现在学习的是第5页，共26页并并列列句句常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,as well as,not onlybut als

5、o,and thenbut,however,while,yet,neverthelessfor,so,therefore,henceor,eitheror,neither nor现在学习的是第6页，共26页并并列列句句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all da

6、y;however,we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.现在学习的是第7页，共26页Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the

7、dog.3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.现在学习的是第8页，共26页由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必

8、须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句复合句=主句主句+从句从句复复合合句句现在学习的是第9页，共26页复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词

9、所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句主语从句 2.宾语从句宾语从句3.表语从句表语从句 4.定语从句定语从句5.状语从句状语从句 6.同位语从句同位语从句 英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句宾语从句2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句现在学习的是第10页，共26页复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语th

10、at I could have the money without delay.when he was leaving for Paris.宾语从句宾语从句现在学习的是第11页，共26页复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句I dont knowhim.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for

11、 Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.现在学习的是第12页，共26页复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句the people surprised That What he saidwhere he found the baby主语主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.whose sons were at war.

12、who had signed the contract.现在学习的是第13页，共26页复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句That is the fact.表 语what he gave me.why he was late.现在学习的是第14页，共26页复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedwhere I livedwhen he

13、 lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.现在学习的是第15页，共26页复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.现在学习的是第1

14、6页，共26页指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型I believe that everything is going on well.She was reading a novel when I came in.She is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句Practice现在学习的是第17页，共26页1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3.My idea

15、is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句现在学习的是第18页，共26页用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。He has found out.She was late.(why)He has found out why she was late.I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.(when)I still remember the da

16、y when I first went to York.将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.现在学习的是第19页，共26页Ill give the letter to him.I see him.（时间时间）It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果结果）Well go to the Great Wall.Its fine

17、 tomorrow.(条件条件)We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the Great Wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill gi

18、ve the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.现在学习的是第20页，共26页T H E E N DT H E E N D现在学习的是第21页，共26页nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/

19、seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.现在学习的是第22页，共26页主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a

20、bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There+beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例现在学习的是第23页，共26页附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语状语：即用来修饰名词

21、或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。或从句。定定 语语Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.现在学习的是第24页，共26页John often came to

22、 chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语现在学习的是第25页，共26页感感谢谢大大家家观观看看现在学习的是第26页，共26页