Datatypesandbasicdefinitions(英文版)44271.pptx

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1、Course Contents1.Introduction2.Data types and basic definitions3.Distributions&summary statistics4.Sampling&Single Variable Analysis5.Control chart6.Process capability studyLesson 2Data Types and Basic Definitions:L201Define population and sample;distinguish between descriptions of population and sa

2、mple.L202Define basic statistical terms:variation,variable,quality characteristic,and value.L203List the types of data and define each:Continuous or Discrete,Nominal or Ordinal.Populations and SamplesPopulation=All members of a specified group.Sample=A subset of a specified group of data.Populations

3、 and Samples(Continued)Examples of typical populations:All fifth grade students in 1999.All parts processed through the P858 ILDO(Inner Layer Dialectric Operation)deposition process in February 2000.Examples of typical samples:3 fifth grade students from 5 schools within each.5 sites on each of 30 w

4、afers taken from lots processed in February 2000.Discussion ScenariosScenario 1You need to estimate the weight of goldfish.You weigh 2000 randomly selected goldfish and record their weights.What is the population?What is the sample?Population=all goldfish.Sample=2000 randomly selected goldfish.Discu

5、ssion Scenarios(Continued)Scenario 2 You need to estimate gold wire strength for a lot containing 25 reels.You select a 10 cm section from each of 12 reels.What is the population?What is the sample?Population=25 reels.Sample=10 cm section from each of 12 reels.Practice Items1.What is the difference

6、between a population and a sample?A population is all members of a specified group.A sample is a subset of a population.2.In Assembly,bond line thickness is measured on four units from each lot processed through the line.What is the population?What is the sample?Population=Every unit from every lot

7、made with this process.Sample=Four units per lot.3.Give two manufacturing examples of populations and samples.TerminologyVariation:Data values are not all the same.Products made from the same process are not identical.Sources of Variation:Total variation is a combination of different sources of vari

8、ation.Each source can be measured and compared.Sources of Variation(Continued)Assignable/Special/Unnatural CauseA source of variation which results in a large amount of fluctuation in the processNot part of the way the process normally operatesViolation of standard operating proceduresUnusual events

9、 or excursion Can be easily identified and eliminatedE.g.MS error,faulty setup,batch of defective raw material,etc.Random/Common/Natural CauseA source of variation which results in a natural fluctuation in the processIndicative of a stable&predictable processIs intrinsic to the process-it cannot be

10、changed without changing the basic design of the processContribution of machine design,process design&incoming materialTypically difficult or costly to eliminateE.g.slight vibration in machines,slight variation in raw material,etc.Terminology(Continued)Importance of Variation:Our goal is to reduce v

11、ariation.We cannot eliminate it,but we can control it.We use statistics to quantify it and understand its causes.Reducing variation results in:Predictable,controllable output.Improved yields.Increased profitability.Terminology(Continued)Variable:Any characteristic of a person or thing.Quality Charac

12、teristic:The specific variable about which information will be collected.Value:Actual number that describes the quality characteristic selected as a variable.Discussion ScenariosScenario 1Due to a recent process problem,all process areas need to determine if they are running on target.At one process

13、 step,thickness measurements are recorded.What is the What is the quality characteristicquality characteristic?t tThicknessThicknessWhat are the values of the What are the values of the quality characteristicquality characteristic?t t23.4,145.0,etc.23.4,145.0,etc.What questions would you ask to have

14、 a better What questions would you ask to have a better understanding of the sources of variation in this understanding of the sources of variation in this data?data?Practice Items1.What is variation and why do we care about it?Variation is the change in data values that occur due to a variety of so

15、urces.We care about it because minimizing variation allows us more control over our processes.2.What are two examples of sources of variation?Environment,Materials,Method,Equipment,People,Information,or can be more specific.Practice Items(Continued)3.What is a variable?Give two manufacturing example

16、s.A characteristic of a person or thing.4.What is a quality characteristic?Give two manufacturing examples.A quality characteristic is the specific variable about which information will be collected.Continuous Data:Values fall at any point along a continuum.Examples:Height,temperature,dimensions.Dis

17、crete Data:Categorical data.Examples:#students,failure types.Two types covered in this class:Nominal:Ordinal:Unordered categories.Ordered categories.E.g.,Failure bins,inspectors.E.g.,Lot numbers.Data TypesDiscussion ScenariosScenario 1Which of the data types(list all that apply)are each of these qua

18、lity characteristics?Colors:red,orange,blue.Discrete,Nominal.Visual defects on substrates:Scratches,foreign material,dents.Discrete;Nominal.Average daily temperature in Phoenix,Arizona.Continuous.Discussion Scenarios(Continued)Scenario 1(Continued)Which of the data types(list all that apply)are each

19、 of these quality characteristics?Time(in hours)spent on the internet every week.Continuous.Quarters in a calendar year:Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4.Discrete;Ordinal.Outgoing visual inspection results from a thermal plate supplier.Discrete;Nominal.Discussion Scenarios(Continued)Scenario 1(Continued)Which of the data

20、 types(list all that apply)are each of these quality characteristics?Substrate coplanarity results from incoming measurements on interposers.Continuous.Open/Short data from a substrate suppliers end of line manufacturing process.Discrete,Nominal.Underfill material viscosity from supplier.Continuous.

21、Discussion Scenarios(Continued)Scenario 2Below is an example of a file containing process data from the factory.Identify each of the variables as Nominal,Ordinal or Continuous.Entity:Nominal.Thickness:Continuous.Date:Continuous measurements of time.Product:Nominal.u Lot:Ordinal.u Particles:Continuou

22、s for analysis purposes.Practice Items1.Describe a critical difference between continuous and discrete data.Discrete data is counted in whole numbers or categories while continuous data is a data type where the measurement could fall anywhere on the measurement scale.2.Why is it so important to iden

23、tify a data type correctly?Because different data types require different types of analysis and reporting.Lesson 2 SummaryPopulation=All members of a specified group.Sample=Subset of a specified group of data.Variable=Any characteristic of a person or thing.Quality Characteristic=Specific variable on which information will be collected.Value=Actual number.Continuous Data=Measured values along a continuum.Discrete Data=Categorical data.Nominal Data=Unordered discrete data.Ordinal Data=Ordered discrete data.演讲完毕，谢谢观看！