6S 标准培训教材ppt精编版.pptx

《6S 标准培训教材ppt精编版.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《6S 标准培训教材ppt精编版.pptx（54页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、6 Overview Six Sigma:Six Sigma:-A Definition-A Definition-Applied to GE-Applied to GE-GE Quality Initiative-GE Quality Initiative-Why This Approach?-Why This Approach?-Origin of Six Sigma-Origin of Six Sigma-The“Breakthrough Strategy”-The“Breakthrough Strategy”-Arriving at Sigma-Arriving at Sigma Si

2、x Sigma Structure Six Sigma Structure Key Concepts&Tools Key Concepts&Tools A Practical Example A Practical ExampleAn Overview.Not a lot of Details!An Overview.Not a lot of Details!6 Overview“Six Sigma”Six Sigma”If we cant express what we know in the form of numbers,If we cant express what we know i

3、n the form of numbers,we really dont know much about it.we really dont know much about it.If we dont know much about it,we cant control it.If we dont know much about it,we cant control it.If we cant control it,we are at the mercy of chance.If we cant control it,we are at the mercy of chance.Mikel J.

4、HarryMikel J.HarryPresident&CEOPresident&CEOSix Sigma Academy,Inc.Six Sigma Academy,Inc.A Rigorous Method for Measuring&Controlling Our QualityA Rigorous Method for Measuring&Controlling Our Quality“.“.will bring GE to a whole new level of quality in a fraction of the will bring GE to a whole new le

5、vel of quality in a fraction of the time it would have taken to climb the learning curve on our own.”time it would have taken to climb the learning curve on our own.”John F.Welch,Jr.John F.Welch,Jr.1995 GE Annual Report1995 GE Annual Report6 OverviewWhat Does“Sigma”Mean?What Does“Sigma”Mean?Sigma is

6、 a Measure of the Consistency of a ProcessSigma is a Measure of the Consistency of a ProcessIt(It(is Also the 18th Letter in the Greek Alphabet!is Also the 18th Letter in the Greek Alphabet!Why Does GE Need A Quality Initiative?GE Raising The BarGE Raising The BarNew Goal to be“Best in the World”vs.

7、New Goal to be“Best in the World”vs.#1 or#2#1 or#2Customers are Expecting More,we Must Customers are Expecting More,we Must DeliverDeliver“Ship-and-fix”Approach no Longer“Ship-and-fix”Approach no Longer Tolerated in the MarketTolerated in the MarketAim to Speed Past Traditional Aim to Speed Past Tra

8、ditional Competitors in 5 YearsCompetitors in 5 YearsGoal Consistent with Reduced Total Goal Consistent with Reduced Total CostsCostsWe Must Acknowledge Our VulnerabilitiesWe Must Acknowledge Our VulnerabilitiesPoor Quality That Impacts CustomersPoor Quality That Impacts CustomersProblems with NPIPr

9、oblems with NPIToo High Internal CostsToo High Internal Costs6 OverviewWe Need a Major Initiative to Move FromWe Need a Major Initiative to Move From Where we Are to Where we Want to be Where we Are to Where we Want to be6 OverviewWhy Does GE Need A Quality Initiative?Why Does GE Need A Quality Init

10、iative?40%35%30%25%20%10%15%5%Cost of Failure(%of Sales)Cost of Failure(%of Sales)Defects per MillionDefects per Million3.4233621066,807308,537500,000SigmaSigma6 65 54 43 32 21 1 Estimated Cost of Failure in US Industry is 15%of Sales;Taking Estimated Cost of Failure in US Industry is 15%of Sales;Ta

11、king GE From a 3GE From a 3 to a 6 to a 6 Company Will Save$10.5 Billion per Year!Company Will Save$10.5 Billion per Year!Why“Six Sigma”?Proven Successful in“Quality-Demanding”Industries e.g.,Proven Successful in“Quality-Demanding”Industries e.g.,Motorola,Texas Instruments(many process steps in seri

12、es)Motorola,Texas Instruments(many process steps in series)Proven Method to Reduce CostsProven Method to Reduce Costs Highly Quantitative Method Science and Logic Instead of Highly Quantitative Method Science and Logic Instead of Gut FeelGut Feel Includes Manufacturing&Service(close to customer)and

13、Includes Manufacturing&Service(close to customer)and Provides Bridge to Provides Bridge to Design for QualityDesign for Quality Concepts Concepts Has Support and Commitment of Top ManagementHas Support and Commitment of Top ManagementIt Works!It Works!6 OverviewSigmaSigma3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 SpellingSpel

14、lingMoneyMoneyTimeTime1.51.5 Misspelled WordsMisspelled Wordsper Pageper Page in a Book in a Book1 1 Misspelled WordMisspelled Wordper 30 Pagesper 30 Pages in a Book in a Book1 1 Misspelled Word inMisspelled Word ina a set of Encyclopediasset of Encyclopedias1 1 Misspelled Word in allMisspelled Word

15、 in allof the of the Books in a SmallBooks in a SmallLibraryLibrary$2.7$2.7 MillionMillion Indebtedness Indebtednessper$1 Billion in Assetsper$1 Billion in Assets$570$570 IndebtednessIndebtednessper$1 Billion in Assetsper$1 Billion in Assets$63,000$63,000 IndebtednessIndebtednessper$1 Billion in Ass

16、etsper$1 Billion in Assets$2$2 IndebtednessIndebtednessper$1 Billion in Assetsper$1 Billion in Assets3 1/2 3 1/2 MonthsMonthsper Centuryper Century2 1/2 2 1/2 DaysDaysper Centuryper Century30 30 MinutesMinutesper Centuryper Century6 6 SecondsSecondsper Centuryper Century6 6 is Several Orders of Magn

17、itude Better Than 3is Several Orders of Magnitude Better Than 3 !Sigma:A Measure of QualitySigma:A Measure of Quality6 OverviewWhere Does“Six Sigma”Come From?Where Does“Six Sigma”Come From?Mikel J.Harry one of the Original ArchitectsMikel J.Harry one of the Original Architects Previously Headed Qual

18、ity Function at ABB and Motorola Previously Headed Quality Function at ABB and Motorola Now President/CEO of Six Sigma Academy in Phoenix,Arizona Now President/CEO of Six Sigma Academy in Phoenix,Arizona Has Consulted for Texas Instruments,Allied Signal(and others)Has Consulted for Texas Instruments

19、,Allied Signal(and others)Currently Retained by GE to Teach the Implementation,Currently Retained by GE to Teach the Implementation,Deployment and Application of Six Sigma Concepts&Tools Deployment and Application of Six Sigma Concepts&Tools Learning from Those Who Have had SuccessLearning from Thos

20、e Who Have had SuccessWith 6With 6Will Accelerate its Implementation at GEWill Accelerate its Implementation at GE6 OverviewSo.So.WhatWhat is Six Sigma?is Six Sigma?A Measurement SystemA Measurement System A Problem-Solving ApproachA Problem-Solving Approach A Disciplined Change ProcessA Disciplined

21、 Change Process“THE SIX SIGMA BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”THE SIX SIGMA BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”MeasureeasureAnalyzenalyzeImprovemproveControlontrol6 OverviewHowHow Do We Arrive at Sigma?Do We Arrive at Sigma?Measuring&Eliminating Defects is the“Core”of Six SigmaMeasuring&Eliminating Defects is the“Core”of

22、Six SigmaMeasurement SystemMeasurement SystemIdentify the Identify the CTQsCTQsLook for Look for DefectsDefectsin in Products orProducts orServicesServices “Critical to Quality”Critical to Quality”Characteristics or Characteristics or the Customer the Customer Requirements for a Requirements for a P

23、roduct or Service Product or Service Count Count DefectsDefects or failures to or failures to meet meet CTQCTQ requirements in requirements in all process steps all process steps Define Define DefectDefectOpportunitiesOpportunities Any step in theAny step in the process where a process where a Defec

24、t Defect could occurcould occur in a in a CTQCTQ Arrive at Arrive at DPMODPMO Use the Use the SIGMASIGMA TABLE TABLEConvert Convert DPMO DPMO totoSigmaSigma Defects Per MillionDefects Per Million Opportunities Opportunities2 23 34 45 56 6308,537308,537 66,807 66,807 6,210 6,210 233 233 3.4 3.4PPMPPM

25、 Defects perDefects per Million of Million of Opportunity Opportunity SigmaSigma Level Level6 OverviewMeasurement SystemMeasurement System2 23 34 45 56 6308,537308,537 66,807 66,807 6,210 6,210 233 233 3.4 3.4PPMPPM SIGMASIGMA LEVEL LEVEL DEFECTS perDEFECTS per MILLION MILLIONOPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITY

26、IRS Tax AdviceIRS Tax AdviceBest CompaniesBest CompaniesAirline SafetyAirline SafetyAverage CompanyAverage CompanyGEGEAirline BaggageAirline BaggageDoctors PrescriptionDoctors PrescriptionRestaurant BillsRestaurant Bills Average Company in 3Average Company in 3 to 4 to 4Range Range Some Sigma“Benchm

27、arks”Some Sigma“Benchmarks”6 OverviewMeasurement SystemMeasurement SystemA Graphic/Quantitative Perspective on VariationA Graphic/Quantitative Perspective on VariationAverage ValueAverage ValueMany Data Sets Have a Normal or Bell ShapeMany Data Sets Have a Normal or Bell ShapeNumber ofNumber ofPeopl

28、ePeopleArrivingArrivingat CRDat CRDTimeTime7:007:00 7:15 7:15 7:30 7:30 7:45 7:45 8:00 8:00 8:15 8:15 8:30 8:30 8:45 8:45 9:00 9:00 9:15 9:156 OverviewProblem Solving ApproachProblem Solving ApproachCenterCenterProcessProcessReduceReduceSpreadSpreadXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXOff-Targe

29、tOff-TargetUnpredictableUnpredictableOn-TargetOn-Target 6 6 Helps us Identify and Reduce Helps us Identify and Reduce VARIATIONVARIATION due to:due to:-Insufficient Process Capability -Insufficient Process Capability -Unstable Parts&Materials -Unstable Parts&Materials -Inadequate Design Margin -Inad

30、equate Design MarginTargetUSLUSLLSLLSLTargetUSLUSLLSLLSLTargetUSLUSLLSLLSLCenterCenterProcessProcessReduceReduceSpreadSpreadOff-TargetOff-TargetUnpredictableUnpredictableOn-TargetOn-TargetDefectsDefects6 OverviewProblem Solving ApproachProblem Solving Approach“Lower Specification Limit”Lower Specifi

31、cation Limit”“Upper Specification Limit”Upper Specification Limit”Less Variation Means Less Variation Means Fewer DefectsFewer Defects&Higher Process YieldsHigher Process Yields 6 OverviewProblem Solving ApproachProblem Solving ApproachKey Components of Key Components of“BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”“BREAK

32、THROUGH STRATEGY”MeasureeasureAnalyzenalyzeImprovemproveControlontrol Identify Identify CTQ&CTQ&CTP(Critical to CTP(Critical to Process)Process)Variables Variables Do Do Process Process Mapping Mapping Develop and Develop and Validate Measurement Validate Measurement Systems Systems Benchmark andBen

33、chmark and Baseline Baseline Processes Processes Calculate Calculate YieldYield and Sigma and Sigma Target Target OpportunitiesOpportunities and Establish and Establish Improvement GoalsImprovement Goals Use of Use of Pareto ChartPareto Chart&Fishbone Diagrams&Fishbone Diagrams Use Use Design ofDesi

34、gn of Experiments Experiments Isolate the Isolate the “Vital Few”“Vital Few”from the from the “Trivial Many”“Trivial Many”Sources of Variation Sources of Variation Test for Test for ImprovementImprovement in Centering in Centering Use of Use of BrainstormingBrainstorming and and Action WorkoutsActio

35、n Workouts Set up Set up ControlControl Mechanisms Mechanisms Monitor Monitor ProcessProcess Variation Variation Maintain Maintain“In Control”“In Control”Processes Processes Use of Use of ControlControl Charts Charts and and Procedures Procedures A Mix of Concepts and Tools A Mix of Concepts and Too

36、ls Will Also Integrate with NPI ProcessWill Also Integrate with NPI Process6 OverviewDisciplined Change ProcessDisciplined Change ProcessA New Set of A New Set of QUALITY MEASURESQUALITY MEASURES Customer SatisfactionCustomer Satisfaction Cost of Poor Quality Cost of Poor Quality Supplier Quality Su

37、pplier Quality Internal Performance Internal Performance Design for Manufacturability Design for Manufacturability Will Apply to Manufacturing&Non-Manufacturing Will Apply to Manufacturing&Non-Manufacturing Processes and be Tracked&Reported by Each BusinessProcesses and be Tracked&Reported by Each B

38、usiness6 OverviewStructureStructureQuality CouncilQuality Council Members:Labs&FunctionsMembers:Labs&Functions “Pipeline”&BB Project Priorities “Pipeline”&BB Project Priorities Training&Certification Training&Certification Measurements&Rewards Measurements&Rewards Communications CommunicationsChampi

39、onsChampions Leadership:Overall Initiative Leadership:Overall Initiative Project Funding Project Funding HR:Training&Rewards HR:Training&RewardsBlack BeltsBlack Belts Lead 6Lead 6 Project Teams Project Teams “Measure/Analyze”“Measure/Analyze”“Improve/Control”“Improve/Control”Out with Businesses Out

40、with Businesses Here at CRD Here at CRDMaster Black BeltsMaster Black Belts Teach 6Teach 6 Mentor Black Belts Mentor Black Belts Monitor BB Projects Monitor BB Projects Work“Pipeline”Projects Work“Pipeline”Projects A Resource Pool A Resource PoolTeam MembersTeam Members Learn/Use 6Learn/Use 6 Tools

41、Tools Work on BB Projects Work on BB Projects Part of The Job Part of The Job Out with Businesses Out with Businesses 6 6 Projects with the GE BusinessesProjects with the GE Businesses Tabulation of GE Six Sigma ResultsBenefit Target&UpdateCurrent benefits level 10.865 MMQPID loading:Carryover from

42、1999:4.059Completed Projects 2000:3.313Active Projects 2000:3.285Total:10.865 MM Key Concepts&Tools6 Overview6 OverviewChanging Focus From Output to ProcessChanging Focus From Output to Process Y Y DependentDependent OutputOutput EffectEffect SymptomSymptom MonitorMonitor X X1 1.X.XN N IndependentIn

43、dependent Input-ProcessInput-Process CauseCause ProblemProblem ControlControl Identifying and Fixing Root Causes Identifying and Fixing Root Causes Will Help us Obtain the Desired OutputWill Help us Obtain the Desired Outputf(X)Y=Process CapabilityProcess Capability6 OverviewSustained CapabilitySust

44、ained Capability of the of the Process Process (long term)(long term)USLUSLT TTime 1Time 1Time 2Time 2Time 3Time 3Time 4Time 4Inherent CapabilityInherent Capability of the of the Process Process (short term)(short term)LSLLSLT TargetargetOver Time,a“Typical”Process Will Shift and Drift by Approximat

45、ely 1.5Over Time,a“Typical”Process Will Shift and Drift by Approximately 1.5 6 Overview“Short Term Centered”versus“Long Term Shifted”Short Term Centered”versus“Long Term Shifted”Six Sigma CenteredSix Sigma CenteredLSLLSLUSLUSLT T Process Process CapabilityCapabilitySHORTSHORT TERM TERM.001.001 ppmpp

46、m.001.001 ppmppm+6+6 LONGLONG TERM TERMLSLLSLUSLUSLT T3.4 3.4 ppmppmSix Sigma Shifted 1.5Six Sigma Shifted 1.5 Process Process CapabilityCapabilityHigher Defect Yield in Long Term Process Capability than Short Term Process Capability Higher Defect Yield in Long Term Process Capability than Short Ter

47、m Process Capability-6-6 4.5 4.5 1.5 1.5 6 OverviewTying it All TogetherTying it All TogethershiftshiftCDAB0.50.51.01.01.51.52.02.02.52.51 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 5 6C COON NT TR ROOL LPOORPOORGOODGOODTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYPOORPOORGOODGOODABCD Good Control/Good Control/Poor Technology Poor TechnologyPoor Con

48、trol/PoorPoor Control/PoorTechnologyTechnologyPoor Control/Poor Control/Good TechnologyGood Technology WORLD CLASS!WORLD CLASS!short termshort term Problem Could be Control,Technology or BothProblem Could be Control,Technology or Both6 OverviewShort Term CapabilityShort Term CapabilityShort Term Cap

49、ability RatioShort Term Capability Ratio(Cp)Cp=LSL-6 USL ExampleExampleUSLUSLLSLLSL 3.0 3.0 =-3.0-3.0 6 6 3.03.0 -(-3.0(-3.0CpCp =Cp =Cp =1 1LSLLSLUSLUSL2.52.5 0.5 0.5 3.03.0 Process MeanProcess Mean T TTargetTargetA 3A 3 Process Process The Potential Performance of a Process,if it Were on TargetThe

50、 Potential Performance of a Process,if it Were on Target6 OverviewLong Term CapabilityLong Term Capability (Cpk)(Cpk)CpCpCpkCpk=Long Term Capability RatioLong Term Capability RatioExampleExampleCp =Cp =1 1(previous chart)previous chart)TargetTarget=-0.5-0.5 =0 0 CpkCpk1-1-(-0.5(-0.5-0 0 3 3 =CpkCpk=