八年级定语从句.pptx
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1、第1页/共66页定语从句:是指在复合句中,定语从句:是指在复合句中,修饰修饰 或或 的从句的从句.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做词叫做“”.引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“”名词名词代词代词先行词先行词关系词关系词第2页/共66页定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句第3页/共66页引导定语从句的关系词指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因 who,whom,thatwhich,thatwhose,of w
2、hichwherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词第4页/共66页eg.The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词关系副词第5页/共66页先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly.2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The
3、school where I study is far from my home.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词第6页/共66页Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machinethat/which第7页/共66页The
4、lady is Green.We saw her yesterday.herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词第8页/共66页 二.关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词 2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有:when,where,why二.关系词的分类第9页/共66页三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词
5、充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语第10页/共66页 who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.who,whom第11页/共66页 which
6、指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder(which)he is using ismade in Japan.which第12页/共66页He is the man(that)I told you about.that 指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.that第13页/共66页whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。We live in a house whose
7、 windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whose第14页/共66页2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物,但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况 当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,litt
8、le,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如:This is all that I want from the school.第15页/共66页当先行词被最高级修饰时。如:The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如:This is th
9、e very book that I am looking for these days.第16页/共66页(2)that和who都可以指人,但下面两种情况,多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如:All who heard the news were excited.先行词为those,he和people时。如:Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.第17页/共66
10、页(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如:The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点第18页/共66页whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但语序不同,即whose+名词=the+名词+of which,或=of which+the+名词。如:The novel whose title(=the title of which或of
11、which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。第19页/共66页whose的先行词指人时,可用of whom代替,但语序不同,即whose+名词=the+名词+of whom,或=of whom+the+名词。如:The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.第20页/共66页(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如:
12、Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致第21页/共66页The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)T
13、he dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that (1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.巩固练习:1.用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1:用定语从句合并句子第22页/共66页(3)He is a kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is a kind p
14、erson who I have ever worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen.第23页/共66页(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,whose1.I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in a
15、match used to be a good football player.4.Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.第24页/共66页1.The girl _is standing next to our teachernext to our teacher is her daughter.is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with 2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.is a
16、famous singer.3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak 3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English English very well.very well.4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from 4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.the library.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.5.I cant find the boo
17、k _you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/that(that/which)(that/which)巩固练习:用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2:用适当的关系词填空第25页/共66页1.The family _ Im staying with lives in town.2.I know the student _ article was published.3.Betty,_ has never been abroad,is studying English very well.
18、4.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.6.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略第26页/共66页1.根据从句中的动词搭配This is the book _ which you asked.注意:动词短语不能拆,即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。T
19、he old man after whom I am looking is better.The old man whom I am looking after is better.介词+whom/which如何判断介词for第27页/共66页2.根据从句中的形容词搭配He told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.This is our classroom,in the front of which there is a teachers desk.如何判断介词with3.根据先行词与介词搭配第28页/共66页4.
20、介词+关系代词=关系副词My grandpa was born in 1939 _ the World War broke out.Kun Ming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all the year round.如何判断介词in whichwhenin whichwhere第29页/共66页1.The song,_ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.2.He is the hero _ we are proud.3.This is the college _ well visit a
21、famous actor.4.The earth _ we live is a big round ball.in whichof whomin whichon whichExercise第30页/共66页16.Do you like the book _ she spent$10?17.Do you like the book _ she paid$10?18.Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot?19.Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad?20.He paid th
22、e boy$10 for washing ten windows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whomabout whomof which介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用第31页/共66页 先行词是the way,意为“方式,方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略。I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _he teaches English is interesting.(that/in which
23、)(that/in which)5.先行词为the way,关系词的使用第32页/共66页关系代词as引导1.先行词与such,the same连用或先行词本身就是the same,such时,要用as。Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2.代替整个句子,在从句中作主语,而从句位于句首时,要用as。As is well known,the earth goes around the sun.第33页/共66页The earth is round,_
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