ComputerVision计算机视觉英文实用.pptx

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1、Computer vision research A At t the the end end of of the the 1950s,1950s,computers computers hadhad became became an an importantimportant tool tool forfor human human beingsbeings to to realize realize the the human human intelligence intelligence and and human human perception,perception,with wit

2、h the the help help of of computercomputer,For For the the first first time,time,human human beings beings can can realize realize the the extension extension of of mental mental and and perceptual perceptual ability ability as as well well as as the the extension extension of of physical physical s

3、trength strength with with the the aid aid of of the machine.the machine.thethe simulation simulation of of human human visual visual perception perception leads leads to to the the generation of computer vision.generation of computer vision.Specifically,Specifically,computer computer vision vision

4、will will achieve achieve three three basic basic purposepurpose.1 1The The first first purpose purpose is is toto c calculate alculate the the distance distance from from the the observation observation point point to to the the object object according according to to one one or or more 2D images;m

5、ore 2D images;第1页/共23页 2 2The The second second purpose purpose is is toto c calculate alculate the the Motion Motion parameters parameters from from the the observation observation point point to to the the object object according to one or more 2D images;according to one or more 2D images;3 3The T

6、he third third purpose purpose is is toto c calculate alculate the the physical physical characteristics characteristics from from the the observation observation point point to to the the object according to one or more 2D images;object according to one or more 2D images;There There are are twotwo

7、ultimate ultimate goal goal that that computer computer vision vision will will realize,they can berealize,they can be simply described as simply described as followfollow:one one is is to to realize realize the the understanding understanding of of the the world,world,in in other other words,words,

8、it it cancan realize realize some some functions functions of of the the human visual system;human visual system;the the other other is is to to rebuild rebuild the the three three dimensional dimensional objectobject according toaccording to the two-dimensional projection images the two-dimensional

9、 projection images.第2页/共23页History of computer visionHistory of computer vision 1950s:1950s:in in this this period period,statistical statistical pattern pattern recognition recognition is is most most applied applied in in computer computer visionvision ,it it mainly mainly focusfocuse e on on the

10、the analysis analysis and and identification identification of of two-dimensional two-dimensional imageimage,s,such uch as:as:optical optical character character recognition,recognition,the the surface surface of of the the workpiece,workpiece,the the analysis analysis and and interpretation interpr

11、etation of of the the aerial aerial image.image.1960s1960s:R Roberts oberts(1965)(1965)use use a a computer computer program program to to extracte extracte the the three-dimensional three-dimensional structure structure of of a a polyhedron polyhedron from from the the digital digital images images

12、.he.he also also describe describe the the shape shape and and the the spatial spatial relationship of objects.relationship of objects.Roberts Roberts created created a a new new situation situation for for the the research research of of computer computer vision vision.h hisis purpose purpose of of

13、 research research began began to to become become the understanding the three-dimensional scene.the understanding the three-dimensional scene.the the creative creative research research for for the the blocks blocks world world give give people people great great inspiration.inspiration.many many p

14、eople people believe believe that that once once the the three-three-dimensional dimensional world world made made up up of of the the white white building building block block toy toy could could be be understandable.s understandable.s it it also also can can be be extended extended to to understan

15、d more complex 3D scene.understand more complex 3D scene.第3页/共23页 the the research research scope scope of of the the block block world world is is extensive.extensive.it it includeincludes s the the feature feature extraction extraction of of edge edge and and corner,the corner,the geometric geomet

16、ric factor factor analysis analysis of of line line and and plane.It plane.It also also build build a a variety of data structures and inference rules.variety of data structures and inference rules.In In the the middle middle of of 70s,artificial 70s,artificial intelligence intelligence(AI)(AI)labor

17、atory laboratory of of Massachusetts Massachusetts Institute Institute of of Technology Technology(MIT)(MIT)officially officially opened the machine vision course.opened the machine vision course.At At the the same same time,time,AI AI MIT MIT laboratory laboratory has has attracted attracted many m

18、any famous famous scholars scholars from from the the worldworld to to participate participate in in the the research research of of machine machine visionvision,which,which included included the the theory theory of of machine visionmachine vision ,algorithm and design of,algorithm and design of sy

19、stemsystem.Professor Professor David David Marr Marr in in 1973 1973 was was invited invited to to lead lead a a research research team team which which is is consisted consisted of of doctoral doctoral students students in in the the MIT MIT AI AI Lab Lab.in.in 1977,David 1977,David Marr Marr put p

20、ut forward forward a a new new computer computer vision vision theory theory which which is is different different from from the the past past theory theory which which is is build build on on thethe analysis analysis method method of of blocks blocks world.in world.in the the 1980s,his 1980s,his th

21、eory theory had had become become a a very very important important theoretical theoretical framework in the field of machine vision.framework in the field of machine vision.第4页/共23页 Changes Changes in in the the name name of of a a publication publication can can reflectreflect the the progress of

22、computer vision:progress of computer vision:1972,1972,CGIP CGIP(computer(computer graphics graphics and and image image processing)processing)publication;publication;In In 1983,1983,its its name name is is CVGIP CVGIP(computer(computer vision,vision,graphics graphics and and image processing);image

23、processing);In In 1991,1991,the the publication publication is is divided divided into into two two versions,versions,which which areare CVGIP-GMIP CVGIP-GMIP(graphics(graphics model model and and image image processing)processing)and CVGIP-IU(image understanding);and CVGIP-IU(image understanding);第

24、5页/共23页 In In 1995,1995,the the publication publication become become two two magazine magazine.the the former former named named GMIP GMIP(graphics(graphics model model and and image image processing),processing),the the latter latter named named CVIU CVIU(computer(computer vision vision and and im

25、age image understanding)understanding).The The upsurge upsurge of of research research on on computer computer vision vision began began in in 1980s,1980s,and and in in the the middle middle of of 80s,80s,the the computer computer vision vision has has developed developed rapidly,rapidly,new new con

26、cepts,concepts,new new methods methods and and new new theories theories have have emerged.emerged.So So far,far,computer computer vision vision is is still still a a very active research area.very active research area.第6页/共23页Advances in computer vision researchAdvances in computer vision research

27、After After nearly nearly 50 50 years,years,research research in in computer computer vision vision has has made made considerable considerable achievements.achievements.This This makes makes the the field field to to become become the most active part of the AI research in the past 40 years.the mos

28、t active part of the AI research in the past 40 years.Its mainstream research is divided into three stages:Its mainstream research is divided into three stages:Stage Stage 1:1:Research Research on on the the visual visual basic basic method method,which,which take take thethe model world as the main

29、 object;model world as the main object;Stage Stage 2:2:Research Research onon visual visual model model,which,which is is based based on on the the computational theorcomputational theory y;Stage Stage 3:3:Research Research on on the the computer computer vision vision method method with with the th

30、e goal of application;goal of application;第7页/共23页stage 1stage 1 In In 19651965,R Roberts oberts use use a a computer computer program program to to extracte extracte the the three-dimensional three-dimensional structure structure of of a a polyhedron polyhedron from from the the digital digital ima

31、ges images.he.he also also describe describe the the shape shape and and the the spatial relationship of objects.spatial relationship of objects.In In the the work work of of Roberts,Roberts,the the relationship relationship between between 3D 3D objects objects and and 2D 2D imaging imaging is is i

32、ntroduced,introduced,and and some some simple simple methods methods ofof feature extraction feature extraction are introduced.are introduced.Later,Later,p people eople began began to to makes makes a a deep deep study study of of block block world world and and establish establish a a variety varie

33、ty of of data data structures structures and and inference inference rules.The rules.The scope scope of of the the study study is is abroad,which abroad,which include include the the feature feature extraction extraction of of edge edge and and corner corner ,geometric geometric elements elements an

34、alysis analysis of of line line and and flatflat surface,surface,surfacesurface.第8页/共23页 ,The The study study of of block block worldworld reflects reflects some some of of the the characteristics characteristics of of early early visual visual research,research,that that is is starting starting fro

35、m a simplified world.from a simplified world.The The work work in in this this period period has has played played a an n important important role role in in the the development development of of computer computer visionvision,but but it it is is difficult to work for a slightly complex scene.diffic

36、ult to work for a slightly complex scene.Research Research on on this this stage stage is is based based on on the the analysis analysis of of three three dimensional dimensional spatial spatial relations relations,moerover moerover,analysis analysis of of three-dimensional three-dimensional relatio

37、nship relationship is is only only rely rely on simple constraint relationson simple constraint relations.第9页/共23页stage 2stage 2 Beginning Beginning in in 1970s,1970s,the the study study of of computer computer vision vision begin begin to cometo come into a more rational stage into a more rational

38、stage.1people 1people begin begin to to study study the the imaging imaging methodsmethods from from the the point point of of view view of of physiology,physiology,optics optics and and projective projective geometrygeometry.2Reasearch 2Reasearch is is mmainly ainly concentrated concentrated in in

39、the the recovery recovery of of the the various various intrinsic intrinsic characteristics,characteristics,including including the the recovery recovery of of three-dimensional three-dimensional shape,shape,motion,motion,light light source,etc.source,etc.In In this this stage,stage,some some resear

40、chers,researchers,represented represented by by Marr,Marr,put forward a general visual processing model,put forward a general visual processing model,.第10页/共23页 stage3 stage3 After After entering entering the the 1990s,1990s,wwith ith the the reflection reflection on on the the research research of

41、of artificial artificial intelligence intelligence,people,people are are starting starting to to think think about about whether whether the the past past mehtods mehtods is is correct,correct,whether whether the the theory theory has has practical practical significance significance in the area of

42、computer vision.in the area of computer vision.research research on on computer computer vision vision was was transferred transferred from from the the simple simple theoretical theoretical framework framework to to the the combination combination of a variety of applications.of a variety of applic

43、ations.Some Some of of the the important important characteristics characteristics of of biological biological vision vision in in the the past past have have not not been been paid paid enough enough attentionattention.Therefore,Therefore,in in the the early early 90s,90s,some some scientistscienti

44、st has has put put forward forward new new methods methods and and new new ideas ideas of of active active vision vision and and qualitative qualitative vision.vision.By By using using active active geometric geometric method method,some some complex complex computers computers can can be be simplif

45、iedsimplified.第11页/共23页The application of computer vision Industrial vision:Industrial vision:people people get get the the internal internal image image of of the the object object b by y X X-ray ray or or ultrasonic ultrasonic detection detection to to achieve achieve the the surface surface defec

46、t defect inspection,inspection,internal non-destructive testing,etc.;internal non-destructive testing,etc.;Through Through cameras cameras and and related related visual visual information information processing processing system,system,people people could could choose choose the the different diffe

47、rent transmission transmission belt belt accord accord to to the the different different objects objects，then then separate separate the the object object from from the transmission belt and identify and locate it.the transmission belt and identify and locate it.第12页/共23页：Human computer interaction:

48、Human computer interaction:Human computer interaction:Human computer interaction:people people people people can can can can l l l let et et et the the the the computer computer computer computer useuseuseuse the the the the demands demands demands demands of of of of the the the the human human hum

49、an human gestures gestures gestures gestures,lip lip lip lip movements movements movements movements(lipreading),(lipreading),(lipreading),(lipreading),physical physical physical physical exercise exercise exercise exercise(gait),(gait),(gait),(gait),facial facial facial facial expression expression

50、 expression expression to to to to understand understand understand understand peoples peoples peoples peoples desire desire desire desire,which which which which is is is is in in in in line line line line with with with with the the the the habit habit habit habit of of of of human human human hum