会计与财务课堂讲稿 - 第一讲(69页PPT).pptx
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1、电子商务环境中会计与财务第一章 绪论电子商务概念和发展介绍电子商务对会计和财务的影响电子商务概念电子商务有广义和狭义之分。狭义的电子商务也称作电子交易(e一commerce),主要是指利用Web提供的通信手段在网上进行的交易。而广义的电子商务包括电子交易在内的利用Web进行的全部商业活动,如市场分析、客户联系、物资调配等等,亦称作电子商业(e-business。这些商务活动可以发生于公司内部、公司之间及公司与客户之间。从不同角度审视电子商务从通讯角度看,电子商务是在Internet上传递信息、产品服务或进行支付;从服务的角度看,电子商务是一个工具,它能满足企业、消费者、管理者的愿望在提高产品质
2、量和加快产品用务交付的速度的同时降低服务的成本;从在线的角度看,电子商务提供了通过Internet的销售信息、产品、服务;从企业经营的微观角度看,电子商务是通过Internet支持企业的交易活动,即产品或服务的买卖;从企业经营的宏观角度看,电子商务是基于Internet,支持企业经营的产、供、销、人事、财务等全部活动的自动化。IBM公司对电子商务的定义电子商务是在Internet的广阔联系与传统信息技术系统的丰富资源相互结合的背景下,应运而生的一种在互联网上展开的相互关联的动态商务活动,电子商务有广义和狭义之分。电子商务的产生和发展Internet Users in AsiaEstimates
3、 in Millions012345678910199719981999200020012002AustraliaNew ZealandKoreaPR ChinaHong KongTaiwanSingaporeMalaysiaIndonesiaPhilippinesThailandVietnamIndia“Physical World”Credit Card Payment System Check for Valid Accountand Available CreditConsumerMerchantMerchant AcquirerCredit Card IssuerAuthorizat
4、ion RequestFinancialNetworkResponseInternet Payment:The Foundation of Internet Commerce MerchantConsumerPaymentFinancial InstitutionThe InternetBrowserCredit CardPurchase CardE-CashE-CheckInternetStorefrontInternetGatewayFinancialHostExistingFinancialNetworkvWALLETvPOSvGATESETCiO-joint efforts of VI
5、SA and Mastercard to drve SET paymentConsumerInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorvWALLETPaymentControlSecure DataVeriFone vPOSWebServerStorefront/CatalogOrderingReceiptMgmtPaymentTransactionMgmtInternet StorefrontMerchantBankvGATEInternetGatewayFirewallEnd-to-End Internet Commerce SolutionCertificate
6、 Authority-Trusted Third PartyCertificationAuthorityUserAA Apply for CertificateCA should be trusted by everybodyRegistrationAuthority Approves Certificate Issuance Generates Certificate Sign the CertifcateEXAMPLE of e-services-A fair,dynamic matching system SchoolsStudentsComputing ParadigmsComputi
7、ng ParadigmsTimeTime19601970198019902000PenetrationPenetrationBatchBatchComputing&Computing&TimesharingTimesharingDistributedDistributedComputingComputingNetworkedNetworkedPersonalPersonalComputingComputingCooperativeCooperativeComputingComputingMainframesMainframesMinisMinisMicrosMicrosClients&Serv
8、ersClients&ServersUtility ComputingUtility ComputingAppliances&UtilitiesAppliances&UtilitiesThe Basic Economic ModelGovernments TransportationBanksManufacturersWholesalersRetailersConsumersIntermediariesMarket ChainsCommunicationsB2B vs.B2C E-CommerceConsumersGovernmentsTransportationBanksManufactur
9、ersWholesalersRetailersIntermediariesMarket ChainsB2CE-CommerceB2B E-CommerceCommunicationsVarious Views of B2B ECB2B EC is selling and buying between businesses on the InternetB2B EC is to link the business intranets via extranetsB2B EC is Internet EDIB2B EC is the automation of supply chainsE-Comm
10、erce Between Business(NITA Report)Coordination between the purchasing operations of a company and its suppliers;The logistics planners in a company and the transportation companies;The sales organizations and the wholesalers or retailers that sell its products;The customer service operations and the
11、 companys final customers E-Commerce AdvantagesReduced inventory/the right product in stockLower cycle timesMore efficient and effective customer serviceLower sales and marketing costsNew sales opportunities电子商务与企业B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Cisco SystemsKey functions on the Internet70%Tech sup
12、port;40%Ordering;90%Software updatesYearly savings using networked businessTech support($125M);Human resources($8M);Software distribution($180M);Marketing materials($50M)B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Dell Computer CorporationOnline sales and traffic in 4Q of 1997$3M+/day 120K tech support queries
13、/wk 400,000 visitors/wk 17%sales outside USB2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Dell Computer Corporation Benefits of the Internet Additional revenue from new customers Lower sales/Marketing costs Lower service/support costs Enhanced customer relationshipsB2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)BoeingSpare par
14、ts business 11/1996,Boeing started its PART page Over 50%of its customers use it for parts ordersTechnical drawings/support Boeing On Line Data distributes engineering drawings,manuals,catalogs,and other tech info to 7,500 users across its airplane customersB2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)BoeingBen
15、efits to Boeings customers(A European airline for instance)Increased productivity(4%boost in maintenance)Reduced costs(reduce 5-10%repair delays)Increased revenue($3M revenue increase due to 1-2 days/year more flying time per airplane)B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Federal Express Networking Syste
16、msDelivers 2.5 m packs daily to 211 countriesFedEx PowerShip in mid 1980s(link to FedEx)FedEx Ship in 1995(PC Modem link to FedEx)FedEx InterNetShip in July 1996(Internet link)FedEx COSMOS(FedExs network system)B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Federal Express Online ServicesCOSMOS allows customers t
17、o track FedEx shipments in real timedirect FedEx shipmentThird party shipment through FedExFedEx operates logistics of its customersNational Semiconductor outsourced its order processing management to FedExHandles customer services for some manufacturersB2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Benefits to F
18、ederal ExpressInternet has increased FedExs businessHelping reaching out to more individual customersMore companies sell online and need fast delivery Estimated saving of 20,000 employeesLower operating costs due to online trackingBetter customer service through real time information serviceB2B E-Co
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