初中英语语法之连词.pptx

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1、连连 词词 (Conjunction)Conjunction)一、连词定义:用来连接词、短语或句子的词。e.g.I study English I study English andand Chinese.Chinese.Does he work at school Does he work at school oror in the in the hospital?hospital?I get up early,I get up early,butbut my brother gets up my brother gets up late.late.第1页/共30页三、用法三、用法 1.1.

2、并列连词并列连词 -连接具有并列关系的连接具有并列关系的词，短语词，短语或句子或句子。常见的有：常见的有：(1)表表并列并列关系的关系的and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor，as well as（也，和）（也，和）等。等。(2)表表选择选择关系的关系的or,eitheror等。等。(3)表表转折转折关系的关系的but,however等。等。(4)表表因果因果关系的关系的for,so等。等。第2页/共30页 考点一：考点一：1 1）判断改错：判断改错：They sat down They sat down andand talk about someth

3、ing.talk about something.They started to dance They started to dance and and sang.sang.I saw two men sitting behind I saw two men sitting behind and and ate there.ate there.FFFeatingsingtalkedand(“和，并且和，并且”)与与 or(“否则否则”)“and”“and”连接连接平行平行结构。结构。第3页/共30页（1）肯定句中用“and”表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和”。2 2）翻译：翻译：我喜欢

4、英语我喜欢英语和和数学。数学。我不喜欢英语我不喜欢英语和和数学。数学。I I likelike English _ math.English _ math.I I dontdont like English _ math.like English _ math.andand oror第4页/共30页=Study hard,=Study hard,_ _ your math will be your math will be worseworse.3）用“and”或“or”填空：Study hard,_ your math will be better.andand or or “and”意为“

5、这样，那么”；“or”意为“否则”。第5页/共30页1.Which do you like better,apples,_ pears?A.and B.but C.or2.Now we have no time _ money.A.so B.and C.oror:1.用于疑问句,表选择 2.用于否定句,表并列（肯定句用and）3.Christine,Aileen _(和和)I are good friends.Study hard,_(否则否则)youll fall behind.4.Are you coming by bus _(或者或者)on foot?andandorororor第6页/

6、共30页1.Its getting warmer _ warmer.A.and B.but C.or2.He or the twins _ the USA.A.comes from B.come from C.is from4.Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk.A.am B.is C.areadj.比+and+adj.比 表示越来越A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。and,or,but,so 特殊用法第7页/共30页 表表转折转折的连词的连词butbut 和和howeverhowever：e.g.(他努力

7、工作，但以失败告终。他努力工作，但以失败告终。)He worked hard,_ he failed at last.He worked hard._,he failed at last.区别区别:but but 后后没有逗号，直接连接分句；没有逗号，直接连接分句；howeverhowever 后后有逗号相隔，可放句末。有逗号相隔，可放句末。butHowever考点二：第8页/共30页观察句子观察句子：（1）Although he is over sixty,but he works as hard as others.改为：改为：Although Although he is over si

8、xty,he works as hard he is over sixty,he works as hard as others.as others.或或 He is over sixty,He is over sixty,butbut he works as hard as he works as hard as others.others.（2）“Because John was ill,so I took him to the doctor.”*although/though 和but这两个关联词不能同时用。?同样，此句错误，同样，此句错误，because because 和和 soso

9、 等关联词都不能同时使用。等关联词都不能同时使用。考点三：第9页/共30页either A or B either A or B “或者或者A A或者或者B”B”neither A nor B neither A nor B “既不既不A A也不也不B”B”not only A but also B not only A but also B “不仅不仅A A而且而且B”B”-连词词组连词词组：EitherEither you you oror I _ going to the party.I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neith

10、er Neither I I nor nor he _ seen the movie.he _ seen the movie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Not onlyNot only you you but alsobut also he _ French.he _ French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）（不但你而且他也讲法语。）【连接主语连接主语 时，谓语时，谓语“就近原则就近原则”】amhasspeaks考点四 第10页/共30页2.2.从属连词从属连词-用来用来引导从句引导从句。常见的。常见的从属连词从属连词有：有：(1)(1)引导引导时间时间状语从

11、句的状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon asuntil,till,since,as soon as等。等。(2)(2)引导引导条件条件状语从句的状语从句的if,unlessif,unless等。等。(3)(3)引导引导原因原因状语从句的状语从句的because,as,sincebecause,as,since等。等。(4)(4)引导引导目的目的状语从句的状语从句的so that,in order thatso that,in order that等。等。(5)(5

12、)引导引导让步让步状语从句的状语从句的though,although,even ifthough,although,even if等。等。(6)(6)引导引导结果结果状语从句的状语从句的so that,soso that,sothat,suchthat,suchthatthat等。等。(7)(7)引导引导比较比较状语从句的状语从句的than,asthan,asasas等。等。(8)(8)引导引导宾语从句宾语从句的的that,if,whetherthat,if,whether等。等。第11页/共30页三者均可译为三者均可译为“在在时候时候”。whenwhen引导的从句，动词既可以是引导的从句，动

13、词既可以是延续性延续性的，也可以是的，也可以是终止性终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，whenwhen引导的从句的动作才发生；引导的从句的动作才发生；whilewhile引导的从句中，动词只能是引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性延续性的，一般来说，的，一般来说，当当whilewhile引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；发生；若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调“一边一边一边一边”这样的意这样的意思，一般用思，一般用 asas。When I came into the room,I

14、 found him When I came into the room,I found him lying there asleep.lying there asleep.She sang as she walked.She sang as she walked.她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。注意：注意：注意：注意：while while 可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系“然而然而”。He is short while his brother is tall.He is short while his brother is tall.when，while，as连 词 用 法 比 较第1

15、2页/共30页 Mr.White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street.A.where B.while C.when D.whetherCWhile Mr.White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.考点一“when”“when”和和 “while”while”whenwhen引导的状语从句的动作引导的状语从句的动作多为多为终止性动词终止性动词，也为也为可持续动词可持续动词；但；但whilewhile只能只能是是可持续动词可持续动词。第13页/共30页考点二 我父亲

16、直到我们吃完饭时才回来。我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。My father _ come back until we had supper.notuntil/till notuntil/till 直到直到才才till till 直到直到为止为止翻译：翻译：他直到他直到3岁才会讲话。岁才会讲话。He _get up until his mother wakes him up.didnt 他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。He _ speak until he was 3.couldntdoesnt第14页/共30页1)sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词 而suc

17、h.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.sothat,such.that连 词 用 法 比 较第15页/共30页He took the MP3 player with him _ he could

18、He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.enjoy music during the trip.A.because B.so that C.whenA.because B.so that C.whenB考点三 他起早是为了赶上早班车。(表目的)He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.He got up early He got up early so thatso that he he caughtcaught the earl

19、y bus.the early bus.他起早，结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）He got up so early that he caught the early bus.sothatsothatso thatso that：为了；为了；所以，结果所以，结果如此如此以致以致第16页/共30页if if和和和和whetherwhether都可作都可作都可作都可作“是否是否是否是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：I wonder whether(if)you still stu

20、dy in that I wonder whether(if)you still study in that school.school.在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用whether,whether,不能用不能用不能用不能用if if：.在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。例如：例如：例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether I havent made up my mind whether toto go go there or not.there or not.与与与与or(not)or(not

21、)连用时。连用时。连用时。连用时。例如：例如：例如：例如：I dont now I dont now whetherwhether he comes he comes or notor not.从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用whetherwhether不用不用不用不用if if。It depends It depends on on whether it will be fine.whether it will be fine.那得看是不那得看是不那得看是不那得看是不是晴天。是晴天。是晴天。是晴天。.作作作作discussdiscuss等动词的

22、宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用whetherwhether不用不用不用不用if if。We We discusseddiscussed whether we should close the whether we should close the shop.shop.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店我们讨论是不是该关掉商店我们讨论是不是该关掉商店我们讨论是不是该关掉商店if,whether连 词 用 法 比 较第17页/共30页连接条件状语从句：1、Youll be late _(如果)you dont get up early tomorrow.2、Ill come

23、 to see you _(如果)Im free next Saturday.3、Well have a picnic tomorrow _(如果)it doesnt rain tomorrow.*注意状语从句的时态：“主将从现”。ififif连 词 练 习第18页/共30页连接时间状语从句1.I was cleaning the floor I was cleaning the floor _(当当当当的时候的时候的时候的时候)she knocked she knocked at the door.at the door.2.Dick climbed up into a tree Dick

24、climbed up into a tree _(一一一一就就就就)he saw the bear.he saw the bear.3.I knew nothing about it I knew nothing about it _(直到直到直到直到才才才才)my friend told my friend told me yesterday.me yesterday.4.I havent heard from Bill I havent heard from Bill _ _(自从自从自从自从)we graduated we graduated from middle school.fro

25、m middle school.whenwhenas soon asas soon asuntiluntilsincesince第19页/共30页连接原因、结果状语从句1.You should return the digital camera to Sally _ she will not be angry.A.so that B.because C.before 2.He was hurt _ badly _ he had to see a doctor.A.tooto B.so that C.so that 3.He took off his coat _ it was too hot

26、in the room.A.And B.since C.but 4.Solo missed the bus _ he was late for school.A.because B.so C.or第20页/共30页连接让步状语从句1.Tom is still doing his homework _ it is very late.A.so that B.even though C.if 2.I never seem to put on any weight,_ hard I try.A.though B.no matter how 3.I enjoy learning English,_ i

27、t takes me a lot of time.A.unless B.although C.because 4.I will never give up learning English _ (即使即使)it is difficult.even though第21页/共30页1.Ill tell your father the truth as soon as he _ here.A.arrives B.arrived C.arrives at2.We dont know if he _ us for the picnic.Ill call you if he _.A.joins;comes

28、 B.will join;comes C.will join;will come3.Nobody knows when the windows _.But Ill tell you when I _ the answer.A.broke;find out B.broken;will find out C.were broken;find out连 词 用 法 练 习第22页/共30页4.You wont understand until you _ him.A.meet B.meeting C.will meet5.You will fail in English _ you work har

29、d.A.because B.unless C.if6.Just because we are young,_ we should work even harder.A.so B./C.but7.It has been seven years since he _ here.A.left B.leaves C.leave连 词 用 法 练 习第23页/共30页8.The little boy _ when I came in.A.falls down B.fell down C.was fell down9.We were reading when the teacher _ in.A.came

30、 B.comes C.is coming 10.He became a doctor when he _the university.A.graduated from B.graduate from C.graduated for 第24页/共30页11.Tom works in a hospital _ Mary works in a company.A.because B.until C.while12.While his mother was washing,he _ his homework.A.do B.did C.was doing 13.The little boy fell a

31、lseep while he _ the music.A.was listen B.was listening to C.listened to 表示对比，“然而，而”while表示“当的时候”。两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。第25页/共30页14.Hurry up,_ you will miss the train.A.and B.so C.however D.or15.The mountain was _ steep(陡峭的）_ few people in our city reached the top.A.soas B.sothat C.asas D.tooto 连 词 用 法

32、 练 习第26页/共30页Funny Funny Husband(H)&WifeHusband(H)&Wife (W)(W)about Shoppingabout Shopping情境对话情境对话 ：第27页/共30页H：“What are we going to do,my dear？”W:“Go shopping.”H：“We can do nothing _shopping.”W：“In fact,_ you _ I like shopping.”H:“Why must you do the things _ you dont like?”W:“_ my skirts are out o

33、f style,_ I want to buy a new one.”W:（In the clothing shop.）I dont know_ they fit(适合适合)me.”H:“I dont know _ you really like.Just go inside and try them on.”H：（对（对seller笑笑）笑笑）“Can you talk to me for a few minutes？”S：Why?H：Because _ my wife sees(that)I am talking to other ladies,she will be angry at o

34、nce and leave.S：“Then why do you let her go?”H：“I want to leave _ I wont pay for them.”根据对话内容，根据对话内容，填入适当连词。填入适当连词。except/butexcept/butneither norneither northatthatBecauseBecause或或 sosoif ifwhat/whichwhat/whichif/when/as soon asif/when/as soon asand/so thatand/so that第28页/共30页Homework Homework：1.1.Go over the usage of Go over the usage of conjunctions.conjunctions.2.Finish the related exercises.2.Finish the related exercises.第29页/共30页谢谢您的观看！第30页/共30页