中英语言对比精选PPT.ppt

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1、关于中英语言对比第1页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Read the following sentences and figure out what they mean.vv女子体态娴静美好姽女子体态娴静美好姽,闲体行姽姽也。从女闲体行姽姽也。从女,危声。危声。犹頠之为头犹頠之为头,娴习也。娴习也。说文说文 既姽婳于幽静既姽婳于幽静兮兮,又婆娑乎人间。又婆娑乎人间。宋玉宋玉神女赋神女赋 vvPaith hareted tha orata,teret ita,yea gotre tha merar.guiguiweiweipo suopo suo第2页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Questions

2、 for DiscussionvvDo you think which language is easier to learn,Chinese or English?Why?vvDo the Chinese strokes convey meaning?For example,what does it mean by the stroke(笔画笔画)“丿丿”?vvDo the English letters convey meaning?For example,what does it mean by“W”?第3页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vChinese is largely an ide

3、ographic(表表意意)language.第4页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一象形字象形字象形字象形字Pictographic Pictographic characterscharacters会意字会意字会意字会意字Associative Associative compoundscompounds 指事字指事字指事字指事字Self-explanatory Self-explanatory characterscharacters形声字形声字形声字形声字phonogramphonogram抬，踢，抬，踢，吃，泳吃，泳转注字转注字转注字转注字:颠与顶，窍与空颠与顶，窍与空颠与顶，窍与空颠与顶

4、，窍与空Mutually explanatory or synonymousMutually explanatory or synonymous假借字：命假借字：命假借字：命假借字：命令令令令与县与县与县与县令令令令Phonetically loaned charactersPhonetically loaned characters第5页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvPhonograms form the biggest category of the Chinese Phonograms form the biggest category of the Chinese character

5、s.Characters of this category can be viewed as characters.Characters of this category can be viewed as composed ofcomposed of radicalsradicals (义符义符义符义符)and the)and the phonetic component phonetic component(声符声符声符声符).).扌亢扌亢radicalphonetic phonetic componentcomponent第6页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvWhat does the r

6、adical“竹竹”mean in the characters like“笑笑”and”笨笨”？How about”王王”in“球球”？vvDoes“每每”function as the phonetic component in the character“海海”？And“工工”in“江江”,“杠杠”and“扛扛”？第7页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vv儒：熟悉诗书礼乐为贵族服务的术士，其名本寓儒：熟悉诗书礼乐为贵族服务的术士，其名本寓柔义。柔义。vv嚅：柔弱胆怯，欲言又止貌。嚅：柔弱胆怯，欲言又止貌。vv孺：弱小之人，幼儿。孺：弱小之人，幼儿。vv蠕：虫类柔软的身体缓慢、柔和地爬行。蠕：

7、虫类柔软的身体缓慢、柔和地爬行。vv濡：柔弱，柔软。濡：柔弱，柔软。vv嬬：柔弱。嬬：柔弱。vv薷：药草，柔软植物。薷：药草，柔软植物。vv壖：疏松柔软的土地。壖：疏松柔软的土地。vv懦：性格软弱。懦：性格软弱。vv糯：粘性、软性的麦子，其名亦寓柔软义。糯：粘性、软性的麦子，其名亦寓柔软义。第8页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一The history of Chinese charactersChinese charactersInscriptions carved on Inscriptions carved on oracle-bones and tortoise oracle-bones a

8、nd tortoise shells(shells(甲骨文甲骨文甲骨文甲骨文)Inscription on ancient Inscription on ancient bronze objects(bronze objects(金文金文金文金文)The style of calligraphy The style of calligraphy adopted in the Qin adopted in the Qin Dynasty(Dynasty(大篆大篆大篆大篆小篆小篆小篆小篆)The style of calligraphy The style of calligraphy adopt

9、ed in the Han Dynasty adopted in the Han Dynasty(小篆小篆小篆小篆)The regular style(The regular style(楷书楷书楷书楷书)第9页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一The number of Chinese charactersvvChinese has 500,000 meaningful morphemes,which are generally characters,of which about 7000 are in common use.第10页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvEnglish is basic

10、ally a phonographic(表表音音)language.第11页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvThe English letters are phonemes and they do not convey any meaning.What does it mean by“w”?What does it mean by“w”?vvWhen the phonemes represented by the letters form a morpheme,it can take meaning.What does it mean by“-wards”?What does it mean

11、by“-wards”?第12页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvV-belt:三角皮带三角皮带vvT-strap:丁字鞋口丁字鞋口vvU-turn:180度转弯度转弯vvV-neck:鸡心领子鸡心领子vvABC:American Born ChineseAmerican Born ChineseAdvanced Booking CharterAdvanced Booking CharterAustralian Broadcasting Corporation Australian Broadcasting Corporation vvI think her passion for you is

12、based on two factors:A,you look good;B,you are smart.第13页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一The number of English wordsvvThe Oxford English Dictionary contains 450,000 words.But William Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only about 20,000 words.第14页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Intermedius summaryvvEnglish letters are just like strokes i

13、n Chinese.vvEnglish morphemes are like Chinese radicals.vvChinese associative compound characters are like English compound words.第15页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Question:vvHave you any idea why there are more English words in common use than Chinese characters?第16页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一The formation of English wordsvvSi

14、mple wordsIndependent morphemes:boy girl,handvvDerivative wordsAffixation:kicks,apples,anti-terrorism,woolenvvCompound wordsHandbag,second-hand第17页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvThe relation between Chinese characters and words.第18页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Grammatical Hierarchymorphememorphemewordwordphrasephraseclauseclause

15、sentencesentencetexttextChinese Chinese charactercharacter褒禅山亦谓之华山，褒禅山亦谓之华山，褒禅山亦谓之华山，褒禅山亦谓之华山，唐唐唐唐浮图慧褒浮图慧褒浮图慧褒浮图慧褒始舍始舍始舍始舍于其址，于其址，于其址，于其址，而而而而卒卒卒卒葬葬葬葬之之之之；褒禅山也称为华山。褒禅山也称为华山。褒禅山也称为华山。褒禅山也称为华山。唐代唐代唐代唐代和尚慧褒和尚慧褒和尚慧褒和尚慧褒当初当初当初当初在在在在这里这里这里这里筑室筑室筑室筑室居住，居住，居住，居住，死后死后死后死后又葬在又葬在又葬在又葬在那里那里那里那里；a pretty a prett

16、y girlgirl唐代的唐代的唐代的唐代的第19页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvReplace:re-+placeReplace:re-+place?placerevv爽直：直爽直：直+爽爽？爽直？爽直vvReplace:re-+placeReplace:re-+place?placerevv上当上当上了一个大当上了一个大当vv吃饭吃饭吃过饭了吃过饭了vv吹牛吹牛吹什么牛吹什么牛vv打架打架打起架来打起架来vv头发头发披头散发披头散发vv早晨锻炼早晨锻炼晨练晨练 颠来倒去颠来倒去颠倒颠倒Compare the following examplesChinese words Chinese

17、words are more are more discrete(discrete(离散离散离散离散)thanthan English English Words.Words.第20页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvCharacters are generally viewed as the basic unit of Characters are generally viewed as the basic unit of the Chinese language,while in English the basic unit the Chinese language,while in Eng

18、lish the basic unit with independent meaning is word.with independent meaning is word.There is no restriction in collocation of characters There is no restriction in collocation of characters except idiomatic usage.except idiomatic usage.Characters in words can be reversed to form new Characters in

19、words can be reversed to form new words.words.Characters can be inserted into“separated-united words”.Characters can be inserted into“separated-united words”.Words can be expanded or contracted without Words can be expanded or contracted without changing meaning.changing meaning.第21页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Mu

20、ltinomes（连绵词）（连绵词）vvBinomes:Binomes:琵琶、枇杷、蜘蛛、伶俐、仓促、惆怅琵琶、枇杷、蜘蛛、伶俐、仓促、惆怅琵琶、枇杷、蜘蛛、伶俐、仓促、惆怅琵琶、枇杷、蜘蛛、伶俐、仓促、惆怅 坎坷、慷慨（天翻地覆慨而慷）坎坷、慷慨（天翻地覆慨而慷）坎坷、慷慨（天翻地覆慨而慷）坎坷、慷慨（天翻地覆慨而慷）哆嗦、霹雳、逍遥、唠叨、灿烂、苗条哆嗦、霹雳、逍遥、唠叨、灿烂、苗条哆嗦、霹雳、逍遥、唠叨、灿烂、苗条哆嗦、霹雳、逍遥、唠叨、灿烂、苗条 蝴蝶、珊瑚、蝌蚪、蜈蚣、蚯蚓、袈裟蝴蝶、珊瑚、蝌蚪、蜈蚣、蚯蚓、袈裟蝴蝶、珊瑚、蝌蚪、蜈蚣、蚯蚓、袈裟蝴蝶、珊瑚、蝌蚪、蜈蚣、蚯蚓、袈裟 奶

21、奶（我奶叫我送来的。）、太太、姥姥、奶奶（我奶叫我送来的。）、太太、姥姥、奶奶（我奶叫我送来的。）、太太、姥姥、奶奶（我奶叫我送来的。）、太太、姥姥、猩猩猩猩猩、蛐蛐猩、蛐蛐猩、蛐蛐猩、蛐蛐vvTrinomes:Trinomes:白兰地、萨其马、马拉松白兰地、萨其马、马拉松白兰地、萨其马、马拉松白兰地、萨其马、马拉松vvMultinomes:Multinomes:奥林匹克、盖世太保奥林匹克、盖世太保奥林匹克、盖世太保奥林匹克、盖世太保第22页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Riddlesvv开头开头开头开头 vv千里相逢千里相逢千里相逢千里相逢vv无人入伍无人入伍无人入伍无人入伍vv一字千口，人人

22、都有。一字千口，人人都有。一字千口，人人都有。一字千口，人人都有。vvWhat is it that occurs once in a second,once in a month,What is it that occurs once in a second,once in a month,yet not at all in a year or a week?yet not at all in a year or a week?vvWhy is the letter A like honeysuckle(Why is the letter A like honeysuckle(金银花金银花金

23、银花金银花)?)?一一重重五五舌舌The letter N.Because a B follows it.第23页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Intermedius summaryvvIn forming words,Chinese characters are moreIn forming words,Chinese characters are more elasticelastic than English morphemes.than English morphemes.第24页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvMotivation of words:Why do words look

24、and sound like what they look Why do words look and sound like what they look and sound?and sound?第25页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Motivation of word creationAPPLEPEARIn a sense,In a sense,any language,any language,especially its especially its vocabularyvocabulary,is very is very arbitraryarbitrary.第26页，讲稿共34张，创作

25、于星期一Motivation of word creationMEWBANGOn the other On the other hand,there is some hand,there is some motivationmotivation behind the behind the creationcreation of words.of words.第27页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Motivation of word creationvvMotivation is the gene of the life of a language.It is the rational basis

26、 of the inception and development of the code of a language.Phonetic Phonetic MorphologicalMorphologicalSemanticSemanticPhilological Philological 第28页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Phonetic motivationvvmew,bang,drip-drop,click,clank,tickvv鸭，鸦，猫，蛙，筝，金，萧，滴鸭，鸦，猫，蛙，筝，金，萧，滴vv澎湃，咕噜，骨碌，铿锵澎湃，咕噜，骨碌，铿锵第29页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Morpho

27、logical motivationvvgirl girls;teach teacher;vvlarge larger largest;vvbe being;kick kickedvv老老-：老老王，王，老老李，李，老老张张vv-儿：花儿：花儿儿，朵，朵儿儿，莺，莺儿儿，燕，燕儿儿vv准准-：准准妈妈，妈妈，准准爸爸，爸爸，准准丈母娘丈母娘vv后后-：后后张艺谋时代，张艺谋时代，后后达达主义，达达主义，后后现代画风现代画风第30页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Philological and semantic motivationvvHand-bag,football,snowfall,hors

28、e-riding,second-hand,greenhouse,grown-up,waiting-roomvv甭，采，从，林，森，珏，傡，尘，尖，炎甭，采，从，林，森，珏，傡，尘，尖，炎第31页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一vvroom-mate,workplace,policemanvvliving-room,workbag,postman vv城城镇镇趁趁机机毛毛孩儿孩儿寒寒流流vv长长城城趁趁钱钱毛毛竹竹寒寒衣衣In English,the morphemes meaning is largely the same as In English,the morphemes meaning i

29、s largely the same as that in the compound it forms;however,in Chinese,a that in the compound it forms;however,in Chinese,a characters meaning may differ from that in the compound.characters meaning may differ from that in the compound.第32页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一Other motivationsv鹅卵石，冰糖，喇叭花，毛毛雨，金钱豹，龙须菜，鸡冠花，鹅

30、卵石，冰糖，喇叭花，毛毛雨，金钱豹，龙须菜，鸡冠花，鹅卵石，冰糖，喇叭花，毛毛雨，金钱豹，龙须菜，鸡冠花，鹅卵石，冰糖，喇叭花，毛毛雨，金钱豹，龙须菜，鸡冠花，燕尾服，纸老虎燕尾服，纸老虎燕尾服，纸老虎燕尾服，纸老虎vv 千里眼，千层饼，万一，万分千里眼，千层饼，万一，万分千里眼，千层饼，万一，万分千里眼，千层饼，万一，万分vv 睡莲，文竹，忍冬，织布鸟睡莲，文竹，忍冬，织布鸟睡莲，文竹，忍冬，织布鸟睡莲，文竹，忍冬，织布鸟vv 黔首，刘海黔首，刘海黔首，刘海黔首，刘海vv 猴头，田字格，八字胡猴头，田字格，八字胡猴头，田字格，八字胡猴头，田字格，八字胡metaphorhyperboleanalogymetonymyimage第33页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第34页，讲稿共34张，创作于星期一