英语语法动词不定式讲稿.ppt

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1、关于英语语法动词不定式第一页，讲稿共四十五页哦非限定动词？非限定动词？非限定动词又叫非限定动词又叫非谓语动词非谓语动词，包括，包括不定式、分词和不定式、分词和动名词动名词。非限定动词和限定动词的区别非限定动词和限定动词的区别不同点：不同点：前者不能单独作谓语；不受主语人称和数量前者不能单独作谓语；不受主语人称和数量的限制；而限定动词的形式要和主语的限制；而限定动词的形式要和主语人和数一致。人和数一致。如；如；She likes to dance.They like to dance.可以起名词、形容词、副词的作用。可以起名词、形容词、副词的作用。如：如：To see is to believe

2、.The man sitting by her is my teacher.Seeing the teacher entering the room,I stood up.第二页，讲稿共四十五页哦相似点：相似点：1.都可以带宾语。都可以带宾语。如；如；He bought a computer.He wanted to buy a computer.2.都可以由状语修饰。都可以由状语修饰。如；如；He studies very hard in the college.Studying hard,you will pass the exam.第三页，讲稿共四十五页哦3.都有语态和时态的变化。都有语

3、态和时态的变化。如：如：He has finished his homework.（完成式）（完成式）Having finished his homework,he went out.The overpass will be built there.（被动）（被动）The hospital being built will be completed next month.第四页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式不定式不定式的概述不定式的概述不定式的基本用法不定式的基本用法不定式的特殊句型不定式的特殊句型第五页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有

4、动词和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独作谓语。不定式不定式第六页，讲稿共四十五页哦2不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态第七页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式的时态现在时：不定式的一般现在时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词之后；He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.第八页，讲稿共四十五页哦进行时：表示正在发生的动作，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；He seems to be eating something.第九页，讲稿共四十五页哦完成时：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前I am so

5、rry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.第十页，讲稿共四十五页哦完成进行时：表示句子的主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，不定式的动作从过去某个时段发生一直持续到现在；She is known to have been working in our company for more than twenty years.第十一页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式的语态（2）不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承受者，不定式用被动语态He asked to be sent to work i

6、n countryside.Have you got a key to unlock the door?key unlock the door你有开门的钥匙吗？（1）不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式用主动语态。第十二页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式的否定形式动词不定时的否定形式是在不定式符号前加notThe teacher warned the students not to cheat in the examinations.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.第十三页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式的基本用法：作主语作宾语做补

7、语做表语做定语做状语第十四页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式的语法功能（1）作主语To talk with him is a great pleasure.一般情况下，不定式（短语）作主语时，通常用形式主语“it”代替 It is a great pleasure to talk with him.第十五页，讲稿共四十五页哦注意注意*1 1、动词不定式动词不定式作主语作主语时，时，谓语谓语动词用动词用 第第三三人称人称单单数形式。例如数形式。例如Togettherebycartakesawholeday.Tomakeaplanforourfutureisimportant.第十六页，讲稿共四十五页哦I

8、t 做形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时一般有介词for,of等引导；It is easy for me to do that.It is very hard for him to study two languages.第十七页，讲稿共四十五页哦当用it is+adj+of sb.To do sth 一般表示人物的品行和行为特征，its 后面多用表示主观情感和态度的形容词；It is very kind of you to say this.It is very rude of you to do this.第十八页，讲稿共四十五页哦翻译：你这样子对待女孩子是很粗鲁的。It is very rud

9、e of you to do this to the girls.It is very rude of you to treat girls like this.第十九页，讲稿共四十五页哦辨析：It is+adj of sb.To do sth It is+adj for sb.To do sthIt is nice_ you.It is hard_ you.用介词后面的代词作主语，介词之前的形容词作表语，如果能组成句子就用of,否则就用for.第二十页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有：ready,eager,sure,glad,anxious,sorry,afraid,free

10、,pleased,willing此外还要注意一些特殊疑问词+不定式的形式（如：what to do,where to go），作tell,ask,know,show等动词的宾语。不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,pretend,learn,afford,needI dont know what to do.（2）作宾语Would you like to watch TV?第二十一页，讲稿共四十五页哦如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定

11、式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.能带形式宾语的动词还有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。第二十二页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式动词在介词but,except,后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。1)She could do nothing 1)She could do nothing but but crycry.2)I have no choice 2)I have no

12、choice but but to goto go.第二十三页，讲稿共四十五页哦3.某些及物动词：forget,meanremember,regret,try,goon,等可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同Iforgettobringmyhomework.Iforgetopeningthewindows.I mean“I didnt bring my homework.”I mean“I have opened the windows.”第二十四页，讲稿共四十五页哦6.wish,hope,plan,be,mean+to have done/had wished.+to do表

13、示原打算干表示原打算干却没能办到却没能办到 1.I had meant to go to Shanghai yesterday,but was delayed by the bad weather.2.-Whydidntyoucometomybirthdayparty?-Idliketohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.第二十五页，讲稿共四十五页哦在在had better,had best,would rather,would ratherthan,would sooner,cannot but,cannot help but等结构后直接跟动词原形或等结构后直接跟动词

14、原形或“not+动词原形动词原形”。e.g.:Youd better listen to your teachers opinion.He cannot but move to another street.We cannot help but admire his courage.He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus.第二十六页，讲稿共四十五页哦（3）作表语（表将来时）My plan is to finish the experiment on time.（4）作宾补I asked him

15、to come to my office.注意不定式的省略hear,see,watch,notice等感官动词后的省略I heard her sing this song.have,let,make三个使役动词后的省略I made him stand outside.这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不定式要补充完整.She was heard to.He was made to.第二十七页，讲稿共四十五页哦动词不定式作宾补省略to口诀口诀不定式省不定式省to十一个，十一个，五五“看看”二二“听听”一一“感感觉觉”，三个三个“使役使役”紧挨着，紧挨着，如若主动变被动，如若主动变被动，符号符号

16、to千万别省略。千万别省略。第二十八页，讲稿共四十五页哦（5）作定语动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.Do you have a pen to write with?第二十九页，讲稿共四十五页哦不定式作状语目的状语结果状语原因状语第三十页，讲稿共四十五页哦目的状语 不定式可放于句首或句尾We do as much

17、as we can to make our world beautiful.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：To save money,every means has been tried.To save money,he has tried every means.To learn English well,a dictionary is needed.To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.第三十一页，讲稿共四十五页哦结果状语：表示事先没有料到，放于句尾What I have said to make you angry?She

18、 beat other players to take the first place in the badminton game.第三十二页，讲稿共四十五页哦原因状语We were very excited to hear the news.作独立成分插入语,用来说明说话人的态度,对整个句子进行解释.To tell you the truth,I dont like the way he talked.第三十三页，讲稿共四十五页哦动词不定式做状语应注意：动词不定式做状语应注意：1.Inorderto和和soasto意义上没区意义上没区别，但别，但soasto不能不能置于置于句首句首2.adj

19、/adv+enough（forsb）to3.too+adj/adv+to有肯定与否定有肯定与否定第三十四页，讲稿共四十五页哦注意：1.如果在too 前有否定词，整个句子变为肯定意义：意味不太Its never too old to learn.2.当too 前面有only,all,but意思为：非常I am only too pleased to be able to help you.He was but too eager to get home.第三十五页，讲稿共四十五页哦 不定式的省略 当不定式在某些词后充当成分时，常可省略动词原形，但要保留不定式的符号“to”（1）形容词后不定式的省

20、略，如：happy,glad,eager,anxious,ready-Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all.I am happy to.（2）动词后不定式的省略，如：like,love,care,wish,hope,want,expect,prefer,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade-Will you go to the cinema with us?-Sorry,I dont want to.第三十六页，讲稿共四十五页哦（3）宾语补足语中的省略，如：ask,tell,order,persuade,adv

21、ise,permit,allowThe boy wants to ride his bike in the street,but his mother tells him not to.（4）在某些固定用法中的省略，如：ought to,have to,used to,be able to，be going to-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I was going to,but I had an unexpected visitor.第三十七页，讲稿共四十五页哦5.及物动词want,need,require等，当其主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，常用动

22、词不定式的被动式作宾语。(=want,need,require+doing)Yourbedroomneedstobecleaned.=Yourbedroomneedscleaning.第三十八页，讲稿共四十五页哦1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier2._itmoredifficult.3.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake4.2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmy5.newjob.6.A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tob

23、eexpectingD.expects7.3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbut8.itremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.9.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExercises:第三十九页，讲稿共四十五页哦4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5.Allenhadtocallataxibecau

24、setheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch第四十页，讲稿共四十五页哦6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking8.Therearefivepa

25、irs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing第四十一页，讲稿共四十五页哦9._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep 10.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtimeA.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled第四十二页，讲稿共

26、四十五页哦11.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying12.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade第四十三页，讲稿共四十五页哦13.The teacher asked us_so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make第四十四页，讲稿共四十五页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第四十五页，讲稿共四十五页哦