初中英语语法—代词.pptx

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1、代词概述代词概述:代词就是指可以代替名词的词代词就是指可以代替名词的词 ,可分为以下几种可分为以下几种名称名称代代 词词人称代词人称代词主格代词主格代词I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格代词宾格代词me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词物主代词形容词性形容词性 my,your,his,her,its,ours,your,they 名词性名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,your

2、self,themselves 指示代词指示代词this,that,these,those疑问代词疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which不定代词不定代词some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either 相互代词相互代词each other/one another关系代词关系代词who,whose,whom,that,which.第1页/共48页一.人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称 人称人称格格数数单数复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格Iyouhesheitmeyou him her itw

3、eyoutheyusyouthem第2页/共48页1、人称代词的排列顺序：二，三，一(单数）一，二，三（复数）一.人称代词1.我、你、他、都18岁。_2.你们、我们、他们都来自中国。_.You,heandIareall18.You,heandIareall18.We,youandtheyarefromChinaWe,youandtheyarefromChina2、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后多用宾格.IlikeEnglish._too.A.IB.HeC.Me第3页/共48页第一人称单数代词第一人称单数代词 I I（我）无论在什么地方出现都要大写。（我）无论在什么地方出现都要大

4、写。人称代词作主语时要用其主格 Theyarenurses.Sheisabarber.动词后用宾格：Ihelphimandhehelpsme介词后用宾格：Jimtakesgoodcareofme注意：第4页/共48页1.Whobrokethewindow?Not_.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited_havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught_Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.they第5页/共48页4.MissZhangteaches_math.A.weB.usC.our

5、D.ours5._likeplayingsoccerwith_.A.Them,meB.They,IC.They,meD.Them,I6.Tomisanewstudent._knewnoneof_.A.He,usB.He,weC.Him,usD.His,we7.Youcansitbetween_.A.heandIB.himandmeC.meandhim8._allcomehereearly.A.ThemB.SheC.WeD.Us第6页/共48页3、it 的特殊用法:it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.whoisthepersonoverthere?Itistheheadmaster.It也可

6、用来表示天气、时间、距离等。天气：Howcolditistoday!时间：Itsabouteightoclock.1.距离：Its200kilometersfromhere.一.人称代词第7页/共48页1.-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Idontknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho_was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIput_.A.oneB.itC.that3.Icantfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy_.A.itB.oneC.that第8页/共48页固定句型1.

7、做某事情对某人来说是Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.2.轮到某人做Itsonesturntodosth.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了Itstime(forsb.)todosth.4.据说Itssaidthat第9页/共48页5.某人花费做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从以来，已经有（时间）了。Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoits也对！第10页/共48页Ifound_verydifficulttomakeprogressin

8、mystudy.A.itsB.itC.that2.Itisgreatfun_surfingontheInternet.A.goB.togoC.going第11页/共48页二.物主代词人称人称分分类类 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数复数复数形形容容词词性性 名名词词性性 my ouryour your his her its their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 第12页/共48页形容词性和名词性物主代词虽都译成“的”，但形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后边须有名词；而名

9、词性物主代词后边不可再加名词，它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。“名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词”。This is my book =This book is mine That is your pen,mine is in my bag.This is Lucys coat，yours is different from hersyourcoat物主代词用法：hercoatmybookmypen第13页/共48页注意：注意：物主代词前不能有this,that，some,a,an，the等词修饰。如不能说themyrighthand。第14页/共48页1.Sheisafriendof_.A.m

10、yB.mineC.I2.Thisisntmypen,itis_.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcantfind_dictionary.Canyoulend_to_?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him第15页/共48页4._schoolismuchbiggerthan_.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause_legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.its6.Sheis_Englishteacher.Sheteaches_well.A.our,

11、oursB.our,usC.their,they第16页/共48页7.Isthis_sister?No,Sheis_sister.A.your,hisB.your,mineC.his,mine8.Must_goto_officenow?A.we,hisB.he,youC.they,yours9.Youmustbring_notebooktotheschool.10.Theredbagis_._iswhite.A.his,MineB.him,MyC.mine,Him第17页/共48页三.反身代词 人人称称分类分类第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称单单 数数 复复数数myselfo

12、urselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself1.1.反身代词分类反身代词分类第18页/共48页2.反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快自学 请随便吃 自言自语 独自 为自己 不要客气 陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服 照顾自己enjoyoneselfteachoneself.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfallbyoneself/byoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfindressoneselflookafteroneself第19页/共48页Themanis

13、rich,hecanbuy_alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.-Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?-Imadeitby_.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help_tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your第20页/共48页四.指示代词TheweatherinChinaisquitedifferentfromthatinUSA.单数单数复数复数this 这个这个these 这些这些that 那个那个those 那些那些代词，指

14、theweather第21页/共48页指示代词用法：指示代词用法：1.1.thisthis和和thesethese用于指距离较近的事物或人，用于指距离较近的事物或人，thatthat和和thosethose用于指较远的事物或人。如：用于指较远的事物或人。如：This picture is This picture is clear and that picture is not clear.clear and that picture is not clear.2.2.that(those)that(those)可以代替前面提到的名词，以免重可以代替前面提到的名词，以免重复，复，this(th

15、ese)this(these)不能。如：不能。如：The population of The population of China is larger than that of India.China is larger than that of India.Some TV sets made in China are just as good as Some TV sets made in China are just as good as those made in Japan.those made in Japan.3.3.打电话时用打电话时用thatthat问对方是谁，用问对方是谁，

16、用thisthis做自我介做自我介绍。如：绍。如：This is Mary speaking.Whos that?This is Mary speaking.Whos that?第22页/共48页1.-Look,whoiscoming?-_mustbeourEnglishteacher.A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This2.Ifound_noteasytogetonwithhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan_ofChina.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this4.Ifound_importan

17、ttoreadEnglishinthemorning.A.itB.thatC.whichD.its第23页/共48页5.ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan_ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it6.TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas_madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those7.WhatIwanttotellyouis_thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that第24页/共48页五五.不定代词不定代词1.常见的不定代词有：some,any,one,each,e

18、very,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等。2.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,everyone,everybody等不定代词时，放在后面。如：Isthereanythingimportantintodaysnewspaper?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourbike.第25页/共48页1.Doyouhave_todothisevening?A.im

19、portantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._iswatchingTV.Letsturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike_?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse第26页/共48页常见不定代词的用法常见不定代词的用法只修饰可数名词只修饰可数名词只修饰不可数只修饰不可数名词名词修饰可数名词、不可数名修饰可数名词、不可数名词词many,many,anumberofanumberofth

20、enumberofthenumberofmuchmuchalotof=lotsofalotof=lotsofplentyofplentyoffew,afewfew,afewlittle,alittlelittle,alittlesome,anysome,any修饰可数名词和不可数名词的单词或短语第27页/共48页.someanysome一般用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。Ihave_books,butIdonthave_pens.Thereisnot_meatinmybowl.Thereis_chickeninit.提示：some有时也可用于疑问句中，表示劝告，请求或建议。any用于

21、肯定句中，表示“任何一个”Wouldyoulikesometea?MayIaskyousomequestions?Youcanborrowanyofthethreebooks.第28页/共48页few/afewlittle/alittle1、2、当前面由only修饰，常用afew或alittle.3、alittle可表示“有点，稍微”相当于abit，alittlebit，kindof肯定肯定否定否定可数可数a fewfew不可数不可数a littlelittle第29页/共48页Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only_passtheexam.A.f

22、ewB.afewC.alittle2.Dontworry.Thereis_timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!_peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few第30页/共48页.it指上文提到过的事物。.one泛指上文提及的同类事物(可数名词)中的一个,复数ones,一般前边有the，this，that修饰。.that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复。可代替可数或不可数名词，复数those，一般有后置修饰语.(1)Ihavemanybooks.Which_doyoulike?

23、(2)Thebookismine._isveryinteresting.(3)TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan_inHainan.oneItthat one it that第31页/共48页Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move_away.A.itB.oneC./Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy_.A.oneB.itC./Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy_.A.itB.oneC./第32页/共48页each everyeach (常与常与of连用连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物两者

24、或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物 every other every other 每隔每隔每隔每隔（any other any other 任何一个）任何一个）任何一个）任何一个）every other dayevery other day 每隔一天每隔一天每隔一天每隔一天 =every two daysevery two daysIgavethem_anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachofThereisalineoftreeson_sideofthestreet.AeveryBeachCbothShegoesshopping_fivedays

25、.A.everyB.eachC.eachof他隔天来这里。Hecamehere_day.everyother第33页/共48页none no onenoneno one没有什么人没有什么人/物物“没有人没有人”只能指人只能指人回答回答 how many 问句问句回答回答who问句问句none of+复数名词复数名词/them 谓语用单数谓语用单数Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.LucyWhoisintheroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.oneNoneofthem_China.A.comefromB.isfromC.is

26、comefrom第34页/共48页either of either of 两者之一两者之一两者之一两者之一+复数名词复数名词复数名词复数名词 /them/us/them/us谓单谓单谓单谓单neither of neither of 两者都不两者都不两者都不两者都不谓单谓单谓单谓单both of both of 两者都两者都两者都两者都谓复谓复谓复谓复_ofthegirls_him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knowsBothofhisparents_teachers.A.isB.areC.was

27、Both of his brothers _ in this hospital,butneitherofthem_adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeither neither both第35页/共48页either neither bothEitherTomorthetwins_thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.findsNeitheryounorI_ascientist.A.isB.areC.amBothTomandMary_hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither or 或者或者或者或者

28、就近原则就近原则neither nor 两者都不两者都不both and 两者都两者都复数谓语复数谓语第36页/共48页 ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They_liketheircity.ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They_liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.eitherA.bothB.allC.either LucyandLily_agreewithus.LucyandLily_agreewithus.A.allB.bothC.neitherA.allB.bothC.neither Howareyourparents

29、?Theyare_fine.Howareyourparents?Theyare_fine.A.bothB.allC.noA.bothB.allC.no第37页/共48页Ididntseeit,_.A.tooB.aswellC.eitherHecouldntopenthedoor._.A.NeithercouldIB.SocouldIC.NeithercouldntIThey_ingoodhealth,andthey_there.A.areboth;willbothgoB.bothare;willgobothC.areboth;bothgoeseithereither否定句末否定句末“也也”ne

30、itherneither倒装句表否定倒装句表否定neither+neither+助动词助动词/be/be/情态动词情态动词+主语主语bothboth助动词助动词/be/be/情态动词情态动词+both+bothboth+both+行为动词行为动词第38页/共48页other the other others the others another第39页/共48页TomandMaryhavearrived,but_inyourclassarenthereyet.A.theothersB.othersC.theotherOneofthesidesoftheroadshouldbepaintedye

31、llow,and_white.A.theotherBanotherC.othersThispairoftrousersistooshort.Wouldyoupleaseshowme_one.A.otherB.othersC.another第40页/共48页Ihavetwobrothers._isadoctor,_isasoldier.A.One,theotherB.One,otherC.Theone,theother-Isthisyoursock?-Yes,itis.Whereis_?A.anotherB.theotheroneC.othersWegothomeby4oclock,but_di

32、dntgetbackuntil8oclock.A.theotherB.othersC.theothers第41页/共48页六六.相互代词相互代词1相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，在句中常作宾语，只有两个：oneanother和eachother，译作“相互，彼此”。两者用法基本相同，但在表示两人间的相互关系时，更多用eachother。如：PeoplecanuseICQtotalkwitheachotherbycomputers.2相互代词的所有格形式为：eachothers和oneanothers。Theyputsmallpresentsineachothersstockings.第42页/共

33、48页第43页/共48页1.Mary,help 1.Mary,help to the bananas,please.to the bananas,please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves A you B your C yourself D yourselves 2.Can you speak English?2.Can you speak English?Yes,but only Yes,but only.A few B a few C little D a little A few B a few C little D a little3.Ive

34、justboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,areAmericanstamps.AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers第44页/共48页4.When shall we meet,this evening or tomorrow evening?4.When shall we meet,this evening or tomorrow evening?I dont mind.I dont mind.time is OK.time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both A Some B Neithe

35、r C Either D Both 5.This is not her kite,5.This is not her kite,butbut.A hes B him C he D his A hes B him C he D his 6.6.-Where is my pen?-Oh,sorry.I have taken _ by mistake.A.yours B.his C.mine D.hers 第45页/共48页7.My sister doesnt like skating7.My sister doesnt like skating.A So do I B So I dont A So

36、 do I B So I dont C Neither I dont D Neither do I C Neither I dont D Neither do I8.All the students are busy,so8.All the students are busy,so of them will of them will go to the concert.go to the concert.A many B little C a few D few A many B little C a few D few 9._ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.So

37、meC.EveryD.Each第46页/共48页11.Oh,dear!Who broke the glass?Sam Bruce.It was the cat.A Both,and B Not,but C Neither,nor D Either,or 12.The students are having a good time in the park.Some are drawing by the lake.are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other13.I have two pencils.One is red,is blue.A the other B another C others D the others第47页/共48页感谢您的观看！第48页/共48页