标准工时讲义--yuhao203lkn.pptx
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1、Chapter 0:Introduction to Motion and Time Study第零章:動作及時間研究簡介Why do we need the Motion and Time study?我們為何需要進行動作及時間研究?“Time is money”and a time standard tells us exactly how much money.”“時間就是金錢”標準工時即精確地表明金錢之多寡The average performance of a manufacturing plant:工時系統之於製造廠績效的關係-1.W/O Time standard -60%無標準工
2、時系統-2.W/I Time standard -85%導入標準工時系統-3.W/I Incentive systems-120%導入獎工(激勵)系統Performance Increasing績效提昇42%42%Section 0-1:Where the STD time affects第0-1節:標準工時影響之範疇-1.Cost estimation/成本衡量-2.Production and inventory control/生產及存量控制-3.Plant layout/工廠佈置-4.Materials and process planning/物料及程序規劃-5.Quality/品質
3、-6.Safety/工作安全Section 2:Where to use Motion studies第0-2節:動作研究使用之範疇Develop/製程發展-1.the best work method 較佳之工作方法-2.motion consciousness on the part of all employees 建立全員之動作經濟意識-3.economical and efficient tools,fixtures,and production aids 設計經濟有效之工具,治具,及生產之輔助Assist in the selection of new machine and eq
4、uipment 選擇新機器及設備之輔助Train new employees in the preferred method 以適當之方法訓練新進員工Reduce effort and cost 降低工作負荷及成本Section 3:The deviation of Motion v.s.Time study第0-3節:動作與時間研究之差異 Motion study/動作研究Time study/時間研究 Cost reduction/成本降低 Cost control/成本控制 To design,improvement 用以設計及改善 To measure/用以衡量Technology/技
5、術 Process chart/程序圖 Flow Diagrams/流程圖 Multi-activity chart/多動圖 Operation charts/操作圖 Flow process chart/流程程序圖 PTSS/預定時間標準系統Stopwatch time study/馬錶時間研究 Standard data time standard/標準資料時間系統Work sampling time standard/工作抽查 Expert opinion standard/專家時間系統Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Cha
6、pter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Time studyTime study第0-1節:動作及時間研究之重要性及使用範疇之一Time standard are used to:15時間研究之使用範疇1.Determine/確認-1.the number of machines or tools required 機器及工具之需求數量-2.the number of production people to hire 生產作業員工之需求數量-3.manufacturing cost and selling price 製造成本及銷售價格-4.
7、Assembly line balance and plant layout of all departments and equipment 組立線平衡與部門及設備之佈置-5.individual work performance and identify operations that having problem 個別工作績效及操作問題之確認Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Time studyTime study第1-1節:動作及
8、時間研究之重要性及使用範疇之二2.Evaluate/估算-1.cost reductions and choose the best method 成本降低及較佳方法之選擇-2.new equipment purchases and justify their expense 採購新設備及其費用之評斷3.Schedule/生產排程machines,operations,and people to get work on time 使機器,生產及操作人員能準時作業4.Pay incentive wages/獎工薪資 for improved and outstanding performance
9、 對於以改善及優異之員工績效5.Developoperation manpower budgets to measure management performance 估算預算以衡量管理績效Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Time studyTime study第第1-21-2節節:標準工時之定義之一標準工時之定義之一What is a Time standard/何謂標準工時 A time standard is the time r
10、equired to produce a product at a work station with the following 3 conditions:標準工時:於一工作站製作一產品所需要之時間,並需符合下列三條件1.A qualified,well-trained operator 以合格,受良好訓練之作業員作業2.Working at a normal pace 以正常之工作速度作業3.Doing a specific task 執行一特定之作業 The time standard is only good for this one set of specific condition
11、s.If anything changes,the time standard must change.標準工時僅於符合此三條件時,方才成立,若任一條件變更即需變更標準工時Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Time study第1-2節:標準工時之定義之二What is a Time standard/何謂標準工時1.A qualified,well-trained operator/一合格,受良好訓練之作業員作業Experience is usually what makes a qualified,well-trained op
12、erator.經驗即造就一合格,受良好訓練之作業員作業Time on job is our best indication of experience 作業時間即最佳之經驗指標A good rule of thumb:To give that person 2 weeks on the job period to the time study 概估法:於時間研究時,予作業人員二週時間熟悉作業Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Time study第1-2節:標準工時之定義之三What is a Time standard/何謂標準工時
13、2.Working at a normal pace/以正常之工作速度作業A normal pace is comfortable for most person and defined as 100%正常速率即大多數作業者感到舒適之速率並定義為 100%Time standard of normal pace commonly used are:標準工時之正常速率一般以下列為之-1.Walking 264 feet in 1 min.(80.47 m/min,4.83 km/hr)一小時步行 264 英呎/分速=80.47 公尺/時速=4.83 公里-2.Dealing 52 cards i
14、nto 4 equal stacks in 0.5 min.(0.714 sec/pcs)0.5 分鐘 將 52張補撲克牌發至4等份/每張 0.741 秒-3.Filling a 30-pin board in 0.435 min.(0.87 sec/pcs)0.435 分鐘內將30支插枵插回插枵板Training films for rating are also used to develop this concept.訓練“評比”之影帶通常用以培養此概念Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Time study第1-2節:標準工時
15、之定義之四What is a Time standard/何謂標準工時3.Doing a specific task/執行一特定之作業-1.The prescribed work method 規定之作業方法-2.The material specification 零件規格-3.The tool and equipment being used 使用之工具及設備-4.The position of incoming and outgoing material 物料進出之位置-5.Additional requirement like safety,quality,housekeeping,a
16、nd maintenance tasks 額外之要求:如安全,品質,5S,保養Chapter 1:The importance and Uses of Motion and Time study第1-3節:標準工時之傳達方式之一How to communicate a time standard 如何傳達標準工時-1.The decimal minute(e.g.,0.1 min)十進位之分鐘-2.PCs per hour(rounded off to whole numbers,unless less than ten per hour)每小時產出幾單位-3.Hour per PCs(alw
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