英语主动语态和被动语态讲稿.ppt

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1、关于英语主动语态和被动语态第一页，讲稿共八十九页哦 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.第二页，讲稿共八十九页哦WespeakEnglish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态第三页，讲稿共八

2、十九页哦当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态

3、)第四页，讲稿共八十九页哦When to use it?1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.当当我我们们需需要要强强调调动动作作承承受受者者，而而不不是是动动作作的的执执行者。行者。这本词典被保存完好这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）The dictionary is well kept.These book were found

4、in the 1920s.第五页，讲稿共八十九页哦被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.如:AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.第六页，讲稿共八十九页哦 The Structure is助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的

5、过去分词 (be+P.P.)第七页，讲稿共八十九页哦一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were done现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are being done过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were being done现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been done一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must/have tobe don

6、eHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这这支钢笔已经用了几年。支钢笔已经用了几年。说这家工厂已经开张。说这家工厂已

7、经开张。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他他Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作工作将于三小时后完成。将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。第八页，讲稿共八十九页哦被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如:The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by

8、the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.第九页，讲稿共八十九页哦在改写中应注意：在改写中应注意：1.把把原原原原来的来的宾语宾语宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的主语主语主语主语;2.把动词变成把动词变成“bebe+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主动语态中的主语主语主语主语变为介词变为介词byby的的宾语宾语宾语宾语。典型题例典型题例例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。将下列句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscle

9、aned(byus)everyday.第十页，讲稿共八十九页哦主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语.bythem.第十一页，讲稿共八十九页哦Tombrokethewindow.Thewindowwasbrok

10、enbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.第十二页，讲稿共八十九页哦一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is+过去分词过去分词1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Footballallovertheworld.Wethisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)第十三页，讲稿共八十九页哦一

11、般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWalllongago.Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)wereused(byus)tomake第十四页，讲稿共八十九页哦一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto+be+过去分词过去分词6.Wewillwriteadi

12、arynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiarynextclass.Abirthdayparty.willbewritten(byus)isgoingtoheldbyTom第十五页，讲稿共八十九页哦情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等等+be+过去分词过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.Ourhomework.mustbethrownaw

13、ay(byyou)hastobefinished(byus)ontime第十六页，讲稿共八十九页哦He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.第十七页，讲稿共八十九页哦We call the snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong.第十八页，讲稿共八十九页哦We usually hear him play in the next room.He is usually heard to p

14、lay in the next room.第十九页，讲稿共八十九页哦2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词第二十页，讲稿共八十九页哦He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.第二十

15、一页，讲稿共八十九页哦4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词第二十二页，讲稿共八十九页哦He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.第二十三页，讲稿共八十九页哦They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.第

16、二十四页，讲稿共八十九页哦“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought.“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.第二十五页，讲稿共八十九页哦3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词第二十六页，讲稿共八十九页哦They are going to have an evening party tom

17、orrow.An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.第二十七页，讲稿共八十九页哦Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词第二十八页，讲稿共八十九页哦They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports meeting is being held(by them)now.第二十九页，讲稿共八十九页哦W

18、e have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词第三十页，讲稿共八十九页哦Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.第三十一页，讲稿共八十九页哦We had received many letters by the end of last week.Many letters had been re

19、ceived by the end of last week.第三十二页，讲稿共八十九页哦They would have a party the next day.A party would be had(by them)the next day.第三十三页，讲稿共八十九页哦1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives_ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classro

20、om_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌第三十四页，讲稿共八十九页哦3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3.We found the ticket on the floor.第三十五页，讲稿共八十九页哦5.His doctor made him h

21、ave only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used第三十六页，讲稿共八十九页哦7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_

22、 _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished第三十七页，讲稿共八十九页哦9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us第三十八页，讲稿共八十九页哦10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer

23、.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done第三十九页，讲稿共八十九页哦12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken

24、第四十页，讲稿共八十九页哦14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them第四十一页，讲稿共八十九页哦Answerrightorwrong1.必须照看好孩子们。必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmu

25、stbetakengoodcareof.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。昨天那支笔是他给我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR第四十二页，讲稿共八十九页哦4.这辆自行车能修吗？这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。街道已由他们清理了。

26、Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWR第四十三页，讲稿共八十九页哦Theymadeshoesinthatfactory.Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory.Theyw

27、eremakingshoesinthatfactory.第四十四页，讲稿共八十九页哦带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let have hear see notice第四十五页，讲稿共八十九页哦 一些特殊结构的被动结构一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词感觉动词(hear,see等等)改被动语态改被动语

28、态（2）使役动词使役动词(let,make等等)改被动语态改被动语态如动词为如动词为 make,see,hear,watch 等，后接等，后接宾语补足语为不带宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，不定式时，变被动变被动语态时要加上语态时要加上“to”。如：。如：I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.第四十六页，讲稿共八十九页哦思思考考2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.isusuallyheardto

29、singEnglishsongs第四十七页，讲稿共八十九页哦14.Hemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorseallday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.Ioutforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettogo口诀：口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch)第四十八页，讲稿共八十九页哦helpsb(to)VbehelpedtoV.Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.Theoldmanwashelpedtoclea

30、ntheroom.第四十九页，讲稿共八十九页哦(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear/watch/.第五十页，讲稿共八十九页哦 三.带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或 间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.My mother bought me a new bike.=I was bought a new bike by my mother.=A new

31、 bike was bought for me by my mother.Jack has given Tom a book.=A book has been given to Tom by Jack.=Tom has been given a book by Jack.第五十一页，讲稿共八十九页哦带有带有双宾语双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是的被动结构是:1.将间间接接宾宾语语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。2.将直直接接宾宾语语(物物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.第五十二页，讲稿共八十九页哦Bob sent Kate a letter la

32、st year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.第五十三页，讲稿共八十九页哦Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought m

33、y brother a book.第五十四页，讲稿共八十九页哦思考思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：Wegavehimsomebooks.He.Somebooks.wasgivensomebooks(byus)weregiventohim(byus)第五十五页，讲稿共八十九页哦注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of

34、 by Grandma.注：注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.第五十六页，讲稿共八十九页哦动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态take care of be taken care ofcut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked after第五十七页，讲稿共八十九页哦They said that he would come ba

35、ck soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported/believed/hoped/supposed that.Wereport第五十八页，讲稿共八十九页哦1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong,happen,take place,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,breakout,appear,last,start等。等。*Great changes have taken place in this c

36、ity.*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.第五十九页，讲稿共八十九页哦2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have /fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态第六十页，讲稿共八十九页哦4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软

37、。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.第六十一页，讲稿共八十九页哦5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very we

38、ll.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。The book is sold out.第六十二页，讲稿共八十九页哦这块表需要修理一下。这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.第六十三页，讲稿共八十九页哦知知识识运运用用一、单项选择：一、单项选择：1.Onlythirty-eightideasbythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihuaat6:30thismorningbyhe

39、rmothertogetreadyforschool.（2006）A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD第六十四页，讲稿共八十九页哦3.Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.

40、gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB第六十五页，讲稿共八十九页哦5.Mr.Johnsonsstorybyeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatD第六十六页，讲稿共八十九页哦二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.Jackcarefullyhowtouseit.2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.The29thOlympicGamesin2008.

41、wasshowedwillbeheldbyBeijing第六十七页，讲稿共八十九页哦3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.Theboy_at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwasseentoplaybasketballEnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng第六十八页，讲稿共八十九页哦5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.Ourcountrymorea

42、ndmorebeautiful.shouldbemadetobecome第六十九页，讲稿共八十九页哦练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。1.The computer club held a writing competition(竞赛）.2.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours.3.We took many photos.4.They use this room for playing table tennis.5.The bank built a park for them.A writ

43、ing competition was held by the computer club.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours.Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them.第七十页，讲稿共八十九页哦中考被动语态考题中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingin

44、toit.(南京市中考题）南京市中考题）A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing2.Thisbook_often_fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）北京市中考题）A.arenttakeawayB.takenawayC.isnttakenawayD.betakenaway3.He_(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）黄冈市中考题）was told第七十一页，讲稿共八十九页哦4.Anotherman-madesate

45、llitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市）变主动语态济南市）变主动语态_anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.5.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）6.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.（上海市中考题）（上海市中考题）Thevegetables_onthefarm.TThey sent upwere planted are grown第七十二页，讲稿共八十九页哦

46、一、选择正确答案：一、选择正确答案：1.Do you know what _?A.it calls B.does it call C.it is called D.is it called 2.My lost car _ yesterday.A.will be found B.was found C.has found D.found3.Who was the book _?A.written by B.will be write by C.has been written with D.can be written by 4.An English song _ on the radio ye

47、sterday.A.will teach B.was taught C.has taught D.can be teach CBAB第七十三页，讲稿共八十九页哦二、用所给词的正确形式填空二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.All the questions_ correctly.2.More than two thirds of the earth _ with water.3.Our city Beijing.4.All the magazines _ to the school library last week.

48、5.This new machine _ by Mr.Black last year.6.All the words on the back of the card.is covered were returnedwas invented was answeredis calledare written第七十四页，讲稿共八十九页哦5)Exercises:选择填空:1.Windows_ of glass.A.be made B.is made C.are made D.been made2.The house_ in 2004.A.is built B.is building C.was bui

49、lt D.used3.A coat can_ for keeping warm.A.be used B.is used C.been used D.usedCCA第七十五页，讲稿共八十九页哦4.Watches_Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere_theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isprodu

50、cedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA第七十六页，讲稿共八十九页哦1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_well.(照顾)3._ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5.The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行)in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built w