英语必修备课UnitBodylanguageSectionⅣGrammar人教.pptx

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1、动词ing形式作状语动词ing形式作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句。一、动词ing形式作状语的句法功能1作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Hearing the news，they jumped with great joy.(When they heard the news，they jumped with great joy.)听到这个消息，他们高兴地跳起来。第1页/共51页Having finished the homework，he went shopping.(After he had finished his homework，he

2、 went shopping.)完成作业后，他去购物了。2作原因状语Being too young，he couldnt join the army.(As he was too young，he couldnt join the army.)第2页/共51页因为年幼，他不能参军。Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way.(As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.)因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。第3页/共51页3作条件状语Using your head，youl

3、l find a good way.(If you use your head，youll find a good way.)动动脑，你就会想出一个好办法。Driving too fast，you will damage the car.(If you drive too fast，you will damage the car.)如果开车太快，你会把车子弄坏的。第4页/共51页4作方式状语或伴随状语She sat by the window，enjoying the beautiful sights outside.(She sat by the window and enjoyed the

4、 beautiful sights outside.)她坐在窗户旁，欣赏着外面的风景。They went into the hall，laughing and talking.(They went into the hall and were laughing and talking.)他们又说又笑地走进大厅。第5页/共51页5作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果，不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果)Her husband died last year，leaving her with three children.她的丈夫去年去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。第6页/共51页二、动词ing形式的时态H

5、e stood there，waiting for a bus.他站在那里等公共汽车。(waiting为动词ing形式的一般式作状语，与stand动作同时发生)动词ing形式的完成式：havingp.p.，表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，并且只能作状语，表示时间或原因(一般式表示动词ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)。第7页/共51页Having lived in Beijing for years(As I lived in Beijing for years)，I almost know every place quite well.在北京住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很

6、熟悉。(having lived作状语，表示原因，live的动作发生在know动作之前)Having worked for three hours(After he(had)worked for three hours)，he took a rest.工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。(having worked作状语，表示时间，work动作发生在take a rest动作之前)第8页/共51页三、动词ing形式的否定式：notv.ing；not havingv.edNot knowing this，he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full

7、 preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。第9页/共51页四、少部分动词ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，不要误认为，动词ing形式作状语。常见的这样的动词ing形式(短语)有：generally/strictly/exactly speaking大体/严格/准确来说judging from/by.根据判断Generally speaking，women are more patient than men.一般来说，女性比男性更有耐心。Judging from his accen

8、t，he must be from the south.从他的口音判断，他一定来自南方。第10页/共51页.完成句子1_(靠近)the city center，I saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.(approach)答案：Approaching2The glass fell to the ground，_ _ _(摔成碎片)(break)答案：breaking into pieces第11页/共51页3_ _ _(听到这个消息)，they immediately set off for Shanghai.(hear)答案：Hear

9、ing the news4Yesterday，our manager，_ _ _(代表我们公司)，made a speech at the meeting.(represent)答案：representing our company第12页/共51页5_ _(努力学习)at your lessons，you are to succeed.(work)答案：Working hard6_ _(坦率地说)，the resources in the world are very limited.(speak)答案：Frankly speaking第13页/共51页7_ _ _(由于年龄大)，he co

10、uldnt take a plane.(be)答案：Being too old8_ _(天气允许的话)，well have an outgoing tomorrow.(permit)答案：Weather permitting第14页/共51页9_ _ _ _(写完信后)，I went to post it.(finish)答案：Having finished the letter10_ _ _ _(被带领参观)the Great Wall，the foreigners were very happy.(show)答案：Having been shown around第15页/共51页.单项填空

11、1(2012新课标全国高考)The party will be held in the garden，weather _.ApermittingBto permitCpermitted Dpermit解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：如果天气允许，派对将会在花园里举行。逗号前为一个完整句子，逗号之后应该为状语，分析句子结构可知此处为独立主格结构。名词weather与permit之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。答案：A第16页/共51页2(2012大纲全国高考)Tony lent me the money，_ that Id do as much for him.Ahoping Bto hop

12、eChoped Dhaving hoped解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：托尼借钱给我，希望我为他多做些事。首先排除C项，如选C项，需在设空处前加and。根据上下文可知设空处作伴随状语，故答案为A项。B项常作目的状语，故被排除。D项having hoped表示该动作先于lent这一动作发生，不符合句意要求，故也被排除。答案：A第17页/共51页3(2012陕西高考)_ in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.AStanding BTo standCStood DStand解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句

13、意：我们排了很长的队等待商店开门就是为了买到一个“全新iPad”。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为we，两者为主动关系。根据句意，非谓语所表示的动作的发生伴随着谓语动词所表示的动作waited，故选择A项。to stand表示目的，与句意不符。答案：A第18页/共51页4(2012天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office，_ the breakfast untouched.Aleft Bto leaveCleaving Dhaving left解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：他起晚了，然后匆忙赶到办公室，早饭根本没动。根据句子结构可知此处用现在分词le

14、aving作结果状语。A项改为and left才正确；B项表目的及将来含义；D项表示该动作先于谓语动词动作发生。答案：C第19页/共51页5(2012安庆高一检测)They danced to music in the street，_ colorful costumes.Awearing BdressingCputting on Ddressing in解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们穿着色彩缤纷的民族服装在大街上，和着音乐跳舞。wearing colorful costumes为现在分词短语作伴随状语。dress后通常以人来作宾语；put on表示穿衣的动作；D的正确表达应为be dres

15、sed in。答案：A第20页/共51页6He left the room，_，and all the money was stolen when he came back.Aleaving the door openedBleaving the door openCwith the door openedDleft the door open解析：现在分词短语leaving the door open用作方式状语，leave与句子的主语he之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。答案：B第21页/共51页7The terrible earthquake hit Japan，_ thousands of p

16、eople homeless.Aleaved BleavingChaving leaved Dto leave解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：强烈的地震袭击了日本，使得成千上万的人无家可归。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。答案：B第22页/共51页8(2012石家庄高一检测)The children，_ their lessons for the day，went home from the grammar school.Ato finish BfinishingChaving finished Dto have finished解析：句意：孩子们结束一天的课程之后，离开语法学校回家去

17、了。having finished their lessons for the day作时间状语，与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前。答案：C第23页/共51页9Zhu Zhiwens singing has attracted many people，_him the most popular singer on the Internet.Ato make BmadeCmaking Dbeing made解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：朱之文的歌唱吸引了许多人，使得他成为网络上最红的歌手。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。答案：C第24页/共5

18、1页10(2012青岛高一检测)He began to try every material _ the best way to work it out.Aknown to find Bknowing to findCknowing finding Dknown finding解析：考查非谓语动词。known为过去分词作后置定语，表示“所知道的材料”；to find the best way to work it out为不定式作目的状语。答案：A第25页/共51页11_ late，I met very few people in the street and felt a little sc

19、ared of the darkness.ABeing BTo beCIt being DHaving been解析：句意：因为天太晚了，我在街上没有见到几个人，心里有点害怕。独立主格结构在句中作原因状语，相当于Because it was late。答案：C第26页/共51页12_ that she was going to do her homework，I asked if she needed my help.ASeeing BSeenCTo see DHaving seen解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：看到她要做作业，我问她需不需要我帮忙。现在分词短语作状语，与句子的主语I之间存在逻辑

20、上的主谓关系。答案：A第27页/共51页13(2012济南高一检测)The teaching building _ in the big earthquake was our chemistry lab.Abeing destroyed BdestroyingCto be destroyed Ddestroyed解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在地震中被破坏的教学楼是我们的化学实验楼。过去分词短语作后置定语，与所修饰名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系。答案：D第28页/共51页14_ her mother had come，her face lit up.AHearing BHaving heardCWhe

21、n hearing DWhen she heard解析：动词ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，hear与her face不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，所以不能用非谓语动词的形式作状语。答案：D第29页/共51页15_ in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.ATo wait BHave waitedCHaving waited DTo have waited解析：句意：排队等候了半个小时后，汤姆突然意识到他把钱包忘在家里了。Tom与wait构

22、成逻辑上的主谓关系，且wait与realize有明显的时间先后顺序，故用having waited。答案：C第30页/共51页如何写书信【写作指导】信件格式1信头：发信人地址和日期这部分中有时可省去发信人地址，但一般要写日期。放在信纸的右上方。第31页/共51页2称呼：对收信人的尊称最普通的是Dear，但与Mr.，Mrs.，Miss等不同的是：Dear后一般用名字，而Mr，Mrs，Miss后不能单独用名字，而只能是姓或姓与名，比如：对John Smith的称呼，应该是Mr Smith，Mr John Smith或Dear John。称呼后面可用逗号或者冒号。3信的正文第32页/共51页4结尾：

23、发信人对收信人的谦称或敬语放在信的右下方。这部分要特别注意英语习惯，不可根据汉语意思写上诸如“此致敬礼”、“祝您健康”之类的中国式的结尾语。常用的英语书信结束语如下：写给同龄人或年长的朋友：Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Yours等。写给好朋友：Love，With love，Best wishes等。写给亲戚：Love，With love，Your(ever)loving son(sister)等。第33页/共51页5签名签名一般在结束语的下面一行。【万能句式】信件开头常用语How time flies！Its been three months since

24、I saw you last.How are you getting on with everything?第34页/共51页How is everything going on with your life and study now?I miss you very much.How are you?How nice to hear from you again.Nice to read your letter/email today.Im glad to have received your letter of July 1st.Im pleased to hear that youre

25、coming to.Your letter came to me this morning.Im writing to you about.第35页/共51页Im writing to ask if you can.Thank your for your letter./Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5.In reply to your letter about.Let me tell you that.信件结尾常用语Please remember me to your whole family.Give my best regards(wishes)

26、to your mother.第36页/共51页With best wishes./Best wishes./Wish best regards./Wish you success.Best regards for your health and success.Thank you for your help.Wish my best wishes for your success.Wishing you a happy holiday.Hoping to hear from you soon.Wish you a pleasant journey.第37页/共51页Looking forwa

27、rd to your next visit to.Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.Im looking forward to your early reply/hearing from you soon.Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier.第38页/共51页【白金模板】Dear _，I am extremely pleased/glad to hear from you.I learnt

28、from your letter that _.And I would like to write a letter to tell you that _.Wish you happiness every day!Looking forward to your early reply.第39页/共51页假设你是李华。你的外国笔友Jane打算于七月来中国，特来信向你了解中国人的社交习惯。请你用英语写一封回信，从以下几个方面作具体介绍：1见面时的问候方式；2对赞美的回答方式；3接收礼物时的回应方式；4餐宴礼节。第40页/共51页注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。

29、2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。Dear Jane，Glad to hear from you and youre welcome to China in July._第41页/共51页I hope whats mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.Yours sincerely，Li Hua第42页/共51页【写作要点】1见面问候时我们通常说“Hello”或问“你去哪里”或“你忙吗”来表达我们的关心。问候_表达我们的关心_答案：greet each otherexpress our care第43页

30、/共51页2当受到赞美时，我们常说“不，不”或“过奖了”来表达礼貌。当受到赞美时_表现出好的礼仪_答案：when praisedshow good manners第44页/共51页3收到礼物时，我们常说“不用”而不是“谢谢”，然后把礼物放好。收到礼物时_放好_答案：when receiving a giftput away第45页/共51页4在餐桌上，当要为某人的健康或成功祝贺时要碰杯。当为某人的健康或成功祝贺时_碰杯_答案：when drinking to someones health or successtouch glasses第46页/共51页5“入乡随俗”这一点要做到。入乡随俗。_

31、答案：Do as the Romans do when in Rome.第47页/共51页【连句成篇】One possible version：Dear Jane，Glad to hear from you and youre welcome to China in July.The following are some Chinese customs.Firstly，we greet each other by saying“Hello”or asking such questions as“Where are you going？”or“Are you busy？”to express o

32、ur care.Secondly，when praised，we reply with“Oh，no！”or“Im overpraised”to show good manners.第48页/共51页Next，when receiving a gift，we usually say“Its unnecessary”besides“Thanks”to show politeness and then put it away.Finally，at dinner parties，we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someones health or success to show them were warm.I think anyhow，different cultures，different customs.If you“Do as the Romans do when in Rome”，youll enjoy more of your stay here.第49页/共51页I hope whats mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.Yours sincerely，Li Hua第50页/共51页感谢您的观看！第51页/共51页