英语教学方法.pptx
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1、The Grammar-Translation Method Definition:It means to translate from mother tongue to target language.That is to say,the method teaches foreign language with grammar explaination and translation exercise.FeaturesuDeductive method is usually used in the studying progress:esplain the grammar rules fir
2、st,then use examples to clarity,and consolidate the rules with practice;Inductive method:use examples first and then conclide the grammar tules.uUse mother-tongue to teach mainly.Review第1页/共26页外语教学简史 一、500年前,15世纪以前,在西欧、拉丁语处于主流地位,不仅用于日常口语交际,而且是教育、商务和政府的通用语言。拉丁语是外语,外语教学的历史在公元前就存在了。二、16世纪一19世纪从16世纪起,法语
3、、意大利语、英语开始受到重视,成为口语交际的主要媒体。三、19世纪直接法的出现不以其它母语为媒介,直接学习一种语言;像儿童学习母语一样学习目的语的口语。19世纪50,60年代的西欧国家酝酿着一场外语教学的革新运动,但是也有发展,其矛头是语法翻译法。改革动力来自社会需求:资本主义发展,国际贸易增多,要使用口语交流。第2页/共26页外语教学简史1886年国际语音学会成立和国际音标的制定推动了直接法的形成和发展。四、二十世纪20世纪人类社会科学技术突飞猛进,特别是电子计算机出现以后,以微电子技术为核心的知识、技术技术密集型产业发展很快。听说法是20世纪40年代末在美国形成的外语教学法。二战期间,美国
4、军队进驻很多国家,军人急需掌握外语,特别是通过军队外语培训等教学活动,创立了听说法。20世纪60年代末70年代初,随着另一门新兴学科社会语言学的诞生,社会语言学家提出了“交际能力”的概念,在外语教学界引起了强烈的反响,交际教学法学派随即迅速崛起。在交际法的带动下,20世纪70年代还兴起了人文主义教学法,主要包括沉默法(the silent way)、提示法(suggestopedia)、社区式语言学习(community language learning)和全身反应教学法(the total physical response method)等新型的外语教学法。这些教学法的共同特点是强调学生
5、是教学的主体。除了分析学生的需要和学习过程外,还注意学生学习外语的心理特点,努力创造条件,排除学生学习外语时的心理障碍。第3页/共26页Grammar-Translation 17th Century18th Century19th Century16th Century20th CenturyThe Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching1920s-1930sThe AudiolingualMethod1950s1960sCommunityLanguageLearningCommunicativeLanguageTeachingTota
6、l PhysicalResponseSuggestopedia1970sTheSilentWay1980sTheNaturalApproach外语教学法的发展Developments in English Language Teaching MethodologyThe Direct MethodTask Based Language Teaching第4页/共26页The Direct Method welcome to use these PowerPoint templates,New Content design,10 years experience Time:Mid-19th to
7、 early 20th century Definition:It is a method of foreign or second language teaching which insists that only the target language should be used in class and meaning should be communicated“directly”by associating speech forms with actions,objects,gestures and situations.It emphasizes the importance o
8、f spoken language.Therefore holds that reading and writing should be taught only after speaking.第5页/共26页 Direct Method Main characteristics:a.Students learn to think in the target language.b.Meaning is prestented by related directly to the physical world.c.Target language is the language of instruct
9、ion and communication in the classroom.d.Correct pronunciation is emphasized.e.Spoken language is preferred to written language.f.The basic unit of language is the sentence.Case study第6页/共26页Task-Based Language Teaching(TBLT)Defination of TBLTThis method refers to an approach based on the use of tas
10、ks as the core unit of planning and instruction in language.What is the task?A task is an activity or action which is carried out as the result of processing or understanding language.Eg:Listening to a weather forecast and deciding what to wear第7页/共26页 welcome to use these PowerPoint templates,New C
11、ontent design,10 years experience The components of a task目标(Goals)信息输入(Input Data)活动 (Activities)结果(Outcome)TBLTdoing things by languagelearning by doinglearning for usinglearning by using learning then using InvolvementInquiryInductionIncorporationFour dimensions of teaching and learning tasks rep
12、resented by the four eyes:Involvement(参与),Inquiry(探究),Induction(归纳),Incorporation(整合).第8页/共26页Features of TBLT 1.An emphasis on learning to communicate through interaction in the target language.强调通过用目标语交流来学会交际 2.The introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation.将真实的语言材料引入学习的环境第9页/共26页
13、Features of TBLT 3.Provision of opportunities for learners to focus,not noly on language itself,but also on the learning process.关注语言的本身,也关注学生的过程。4.An enhancement of the learners own personal experiences as important contributing elements to classroom learning.学习者的个人经历对语言学习具有重要意义第10页/共26页Advantages
14、and DisadvantagesuThe classroom efficiency is low,it is difficult to guarantee the big class teaching task.uThe classroom organization and task design and implementation rely on teachers ability and teaching level.Advantages DisadvantagesuIt pays attention to real situations,in order to achieve the
15、goal oriented language communicative activities clearly.uIt is to promote teachers teaching dominant,with students as the main teaching activaties.第11页/共26页 The Audio-lingual Method Time:Mid-20th centuryMain Characteristics:This method also saw the spoken language as the fundamental form of language
16、 and insisted that only the L2 should be used in the classroom.It divided up language into parts,each representing an item within the system of the second language structures.Defintion:This method is a method of foreign language teaching which enphasizes the teaching of listening and speaking before
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