英语语法名词和动词.pptx

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1、（一）概述名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：人的名字 Li Ming,Tom,Gina地方名称 China,London,England职业称呼 teacher,doctor,worker物品名称 pencil,dictionary,pencil-case行为名称 study,invention 抽象概念 history,grammar 第1页/共59页（二）名词的分类专有名词&普通名词可数名词&不可数名词第2页/共59页1专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。如：Mary，Beijing，Americans,English，May,

2、Saturday,EasterGonewiththeWind 2普通名词 除专有名词外，其它都属于普通名词。如：boy，classroom，book,bag,aunt,family,juice,milk,age,childhood第3页/共59页分类：专有名词（）or 普通名词（）？Saturday,tea,Zhanghua,rain,WestLake，enemy,computer,beauty,Mrs.Greenweather,peace,ice-cream,Russians,JourneytotheWest 第4页/共59页1.可数名词（countable noun）/C 可以分清个体，以

3、数目来计算的，有复数形式。如：book,girl,ruler,room,apple,box,bus,watch,day,zoo2.不可数名词（uncountable noun）/U 不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。如:water,milk,coffee,tea,rice,bread,work,study,love第5页/共59页分类：可数名词（）or 不可数名词（）？boy,knife,peace,potato,wind,tomato,hero,music,pleasure,map,radio,technology,desk,egg第6页/共59页当然，也有特殊的哦！1.既可以

4、当可数名词又可以当不可数名词：可数不可数glasspapertimeorangeadvicetiniron玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃玻璃报纸，试卷报纸，试卷纸张纸张次数，时代次数，时代时间时间橙，橘子橙，橘子橙汁，橙色橙汁，橙色劝告劝告;建议建议 通知，公函，消息通知，公函，消息锡锡 罐头罐头铁铁 熨斗熨斗 第7页/共59页在中文是可数，英文却不可数：如：money，bread，hair，meat，furniture，rice，news因此，平时要多积累哦！第8页/共59页可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化：一般情况在词尾加-s：deskdesks；daydays；girlgirls 以s,x

5、,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-es：bus buses；boxboxes；watchwatches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为I再加-es：familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties 以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-es:knifeknives;lifelives;wifewives;halfhalves Important!第9页/共59页Letspractice!I.写出下列名词的复数形式：1.house _ 2.village _ 3.map _ 4.orange _ 5.bag _ 7.dish _ 8.family _ 9.boy

6、_ 10.monkey _ 11.box _ 12.knife _ 13.class _ 14.factory _ 15.leaf_ 16.dictionary _ 17.watch _housesvillagesmapsorangesbagsdishesfamiliesboysmonkeysboxesknivesclassesfactoriesleavesdictionarieswatches第10页/共59页2.不规则变化：1）以o结尾加-es：potatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes NegroNegroes2)字母a变e:manmen,womanwo

7、men,FrenchmanFrenchmen,policeman-policemen3)字母oo变ee:toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeese但：但：German Germans human humans第11页/共59页4)单复数同形：sheepsheep,deerdeer,fishfishChinese-Chinese,JapaneseJapanesecattlecattle5)其他：childchildren,mousemice,mediummedia,basisbases第12页/共59页不同国籍的人的复数形式：1）加-s:Australian Australia

8、ns Russian RussiansItalian Italians Greek GreeksAmerican Americans Indian IndiansCanadian Canadians German Germans2)变a为e：Englishman EnglishmenFrenchman Frenchmen3）单复数同形：Chinese Chinese Japanese JapaneseSwiss Swiss 第13页/共59页Exercises!1.match _ 2.man _ 3.German _ 4.tomato _5.policeman _ 6.kilo _ 7.hum

9、an _ 8.potato _ 9.Chinese _ 10.shelf _11.Japanese _ 12.American_13.life _ 14.tooth _15.wife _ 16.foot _ 17.knife _ 18.sheep _19.half _ 20.key_matchesmenGermanstomatoespolicemenkiloshumanspotatoesChineseshelvesJapaneseAmericanslivesteethwivesfeetknivessheephalveskeys第14页/共59页3.3.合成名词的复数形式：合成名词的复数形式：有

10、有主体时，主体变为复数主体变为复数 father-in-law fatherfather-in-law fathers s-in-law(-in-law(岳父，公公）岳父，公公）无无主体时，结尾加结尾加“s s”grown-up grown-up grown-up grown-ups s（成年人）（成年人）go-between go-betweengo-between go-betweens s（媒介者媒介者;中间人）中间人）如果其中有如果其中有manman或者或者womanwoman，则两个都要变复数，则两个都要变复数 woman doctor womwoman doctor wome en

11、 doctorn doctors s man doctor m man doctor me en doctorn doctors s第15页/共59页Canyoutry?把下列名词变复数形式：looker-on woman singer sister-in-law man cookpasser-by housewifebride-to-be woman doctorschoolroomlookers-onwomen singerssisters-in-lawmen cookspassers-byhousewivesbrides-to-bewomen doctorsschoolrooms第16页

12、/共59页名词 n.Period 2第17页/共59页1、orange_ 2、class_ 3、text _ 4、monkey_ 5、piano_ 6、child_ 7、shelf _ 8、bed_ 9、country_ 10、family_ 11、toy _ 12、foot _ 13、Japanese_14、radio_ 15、photo_ 16.army_ 17.cattle_ 18.Australian_Brainstorm!orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamiliestoysfeetJapane

13、seradiosphotosarmiescattleAustralians第18页/共59页Lets learn more!第19页/共59页不可数名词的量的表达：可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量,如:apieceof,acupof,abagof,aglassof,akiloof一张纸apieceofpaper三张纸threepiecesofpaper一包大米abagofrice十包大米tenbagsofrice*可数名词也可以这样表达量,但要用复数形式：aboxofbooksfivebagsofapplestenkilosoforanges也就是短语里面可数名词要变复数的都变复数哦

14、！第20页/共59页常用量词总结a glass of 一玻璃杯 a cup of 一杯a bottle of 一瓶 a bag of 一包，一袋a box of 一盒；一箱 a piece of 一张(一片,块)a kilo of 一公斤；一千克a basket of 一篮 a pair of 一对，一双，一副a group of 一群，一队，一组第21页/共59页Letstry!1、三杯水 2、五杯茶 3、一公斤米4、二十箱书5、三篮子蔬菜 6、八双鞋子7、十杯牛奶 8、五块肉 9、一副眼镜 three glasses of waterfive cups of teaa kilo of ri

15、cetwenty boxes of booksthree baskets of vegetableseight pairs of shoesten glasses of milkfive pieces of meata pair of glasses第22页/共59页名词所有格：1)一般情况加-s：childrensbooks儿童图书todayspaper今天的报纸(2)带词尾-s的复数名词只加()：girlsschool女子学校theSmithscar史密斯家的小汽车（3）注意以下情况：TomsandJimsrooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间TomandJimsroom汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房

16、间第23页/共59页一.用名词所有格填空：1.Theyaregoingtotheir_home.(grandparents)2.The_shoesarebehindthedoor.(boy)3.Thisshopsells_clothesonly.(men)4.Thosearemy_cars.(friends)5.Wearecleaningthe_stables.(horses)Exercisesgrandparentsboys/boysmensfriendshorses第24页/共59页6.Doyouknowwherethis_handbagis?(lady)7.Manyofmy_houses

17、wererobbed.(neighbors)8.The_uniformsarered.(player)9.Thesearethe_toys.(children)ladys neighborsplayerschildrens第25页/共59页1._roomisnexttotheirparents.A.KatesandJoansB.KatesandJoanC.KateandJoansD.KateandJoan2.June1is_.A.childrensdayB.childrensDayC.ChildrensDayD.Childrensday3.-Whoseroomisthis?-Its_.A.Li

18、MingB.LiMingsC.LiMingsD.LiMings4.Thewomanoverthereis_mother.A.JuliaandShelleysB.JuliasandShelleysC.JuliaandShelleyD.JuliasandShelley二.选择填空：第26页/共59页+English is spoken by many people in the world.主语+This is a pencil-box.表语+I like English,but I like Chinese better.宾语+Our English teacher is drinking wa

19、ter.定语+Mr.Black,our teacher,is from England.同位语+I am going to see a film this evening.状语+Miss Wang is considered a good teacher.补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语名词的功能第27页/共59页ExercisesP331.主语2.表语3.状语4.同位语5.宾语6.6.定语7.7.补语第28页/共59页Review：一.变复数：1.Chinese _ 2.shelf _ 3.Russian _ 4.American_ 5

20、.life _ 6.tooth _7.deer _ 8.piano_9.mouse_ 10.goose_11.hero_ 12.Swiss_ChineseshelvesRussiansAmericanslivesteethdeerpianosmicegeeseheroesSwiss第29页/共59页一玻璃杯一茶杯一瓶一包，一袋一盒；一箱一张(一片,块)一公斤；一千克一篮子一对，一双，一副一群，一队，一组a glass of二、常用量词总结a cup ofa bottle ofa bag ofa box ofa piece ofa kilo ofa basket ofa pair ofa gro

21、up of第30页/共59页1.Today is September 10th.Its _ Day.A.Teacher B.Teachers C.Teachers D.Teacher 2.This is _ ball.Its not _.A.the boys,girls B.the boys,the girls C.the boy,the girl D.boys,girls 3.This year,_ is on May 9th.A.my mothers brithday B.my mothers brithday C.my mothers brithday D.my motherss bri

22、thday4.These are _ books.Li Lin bought some at the Sun Bookstore and Jill bought some at the Blue Sky Bookstore.A.Li Lins and Jill B.Li Lin and Jills C.Li Lins and Jill D.Li Lins and Jills 三三、名名词词所所有有格格第31页/共59页动词v.语法 Grammar第32页/共59页动词的基本形式1.动词原形2.第三人称单数3.现在分词4.过去式和过去分词Important！第34页/共59页第三人称单数:1 1

23、在动词原形后加在动词原形后加-s-s runruns runruns 2 2以以ch,sh,s,ch,sh,s,o o,x,x结尾的动词后加结尾的动词后加-es-es teachteachesteachteacheswashwasheswashwashesgogoes gogoes passpasses passpasses 3 3以辅音字母以辅音字母+y+y结尾的动词，先将结尾的动词，先将y y变为变为i i，再加，再加-es-es trytries trytries fly fliesfly flies第35页/共59页过去式与过去分词（规则变化）1.1.在动词原形后加在动词原形后加-ed

24、;-ed;词尾有词尾有e e的加的加-d.-d.work-workedwork-workedlike-likedlike-liked2.2.以辅音字母以辅音字母+y+y结尾的动词，先将结尾的动词，先将y y变变为为i i再加再加-ed-ed carry-carriedcarry-carriedstudy-studiedstudy-studied3 3以重读闭音节以重读闭音节一个辅音字母一个辅音字母结尾的结尾的动词，先双写再加动词，先双写再加-ed-ed stop-stoppedstop-stoppedrob-robbedrob-robbed第36页/共59页Exercises按要求写出动词的形

25、式:1.wash2.match3.stop4.make5.read6.play7.watch8.guess第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词原形原形washeswashing washedwashedmatchesmatching matched matchedstopsstoppingstoppedstoppedmakesmakingmademadereadsreadingreadreadplaysplayingplayedplayedwatches watching watched watchedguessesguessing guessedguessed

26、第37页/共59页 9.study10.finish11.go12.snow13.carry14.teach15.do16.say原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词studiesstudied studiedstudyingfinishes finishing finished finishedgoesgoingwentgonesnows snowing snowed snowedcarries carrying carriedcarriedteaches teachingtaughttaughtdoesdoingdiddonesayssayingsa

27、idsaid第38页/共59页动词Period 2&3第39页/共59页Letsreviewwhatwelearnedyesterday!第40页/共59页 e原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词 destroysdestroyeddestroyingcatchescatchingcaughtcaughtdancesdancingdanceddancedworriesworryingworriedworriedgetsgettinggotgotwashes washing washedwashedsingssingingsangsungcomescomi

28、ng camecomedestroyed第41页/共59页动词的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时第42页/共59页1、一般现在时的标志词：every时间状语（如everyday）,onSundays,attheweekend,often,always,sometimes,usually，没标志等。如：She does her homework every day.My father usually goes to work by bus.2、一般过去时的标志词：yesterday;“in+过去年、月份”，last短语；ago短语；justno

29、w,once(从前)。如：I went to see a film yesterday.She worked in that factory last year.第43页/共59页用适当的动词形式填空：Exercises 1.There_atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)2.Peopleusually_(eat)dinnerintheevening.3.Hissisteralways_(go)toschoolat7:00a.m.4.TomandMary_(come)toChinalastmonth.5.JennyandDannysometimes_(play)ga

30、mesintheafternoon.6.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.waseatgoescameplaydidnt go第44页/共59页7.Mymother_(notdo)houseworkyesterday.8.She_(notvisit)heraunttwodaysago.9.There_(be)noonehereamomentago.10.LinTao_(like)hisnewsweater.11.There_(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家乡)in1940.12.Where_you_(have)lu

31、ncheveryday?didnt dodidnt visitwaslikeswerent dohave第45页/共59页3、一般将来时的标志词：tomorrow(morning);next时间状语；soon;“in+一段时间”；“in+未来年、月份”；beforelongMary will go shopping tomorrow.Jane is going to travel abroad in two days.4、现在进行时的标志词：now;thesedays;look(at);listen(to)等Look!The cat is chasing the mouse.My sister

32、 is doing her homework now.第46页/共59页Exercises!1.He _(come)back in a week.2.She_(be)a conductor of a train soon.3.Listen!She _(sing)in the classroom.4.Li Ming _(be)ten years old next year.5.Look!The boy over there _(play)a model plane.6.China _(become)a modern and strong country before long.will come

33、will beis singingwill be is playingwill become第47页/共59页7.We often_(buy)books and things like that in the shop.8.I _（leave）in a minute.I _（finish）all my work before I _（leave）.9.-What are you doing?-I_(do)my homework.10.The day after tomorrow they _(watch)a volleyball match.11.They _(hold)a birthday

34、party this Sunday.12._you _(work)hard from now on?buywill leavewill finishleaveam doingwill watchwill holdWill work第48页/共59页5、现在完成时的标志词：already;yet;just;ever;never;“for+一段时间”，“since短语或从句”等I have already spent all of my money.We have seen that film before.第49页/共59页Exercises!1.Ialready(see)thefilm.I_(

35、see)itlastweek.2.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.you(be)toHongKong?Yes,I_(be)theretwice.4.Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.5.WheresLiMing?He(go)totheteachersoffice.haveseenHasfinishedHavebeenhave beenhascomehas gonesaw第50页/共59页6.I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.7.SofarI(make)quiteafewfri

36、endshere.8.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.have workedmovedhave madehavestayed第51页/共59页Remember?Whathavewelearned?Letsreviewagain!第52页/共59页Exercises用动词的适当形式填空：1.Tom_(notlisten)totheradioeverymorning.2.I_(come)toseeyouagainbeforelong.3._youruncle_(have)ameetinglastFriday?4.Howmanyclasses_you_(h

37、ave)everyday?5.Itssevenintheevening,Tomsfamily_(watch)TV.6.Listen!Who_（sing）inthenextroom?doesnt listenwill comeDidhavedohaveare watchingis singing第53页/共59页7.Dontmakeanoise.Grandma_（sleep）8.Sometimeshe_（help）hismotherwiththehousework.9.We_(have)ameetingatthattime.10.Tom_(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymo

38、rning.11.MrWang_(teach)usmathssince199012._yourfather_(go)toworkbybikeeveryday?is sleepinghelpswere havingdidnt havehas taughtDoesgo第54页/共59页1.DontturnoffthelightI_areportnow.A.havebeenreadingB.readC.amreadingD.haveread2.John_thefirstpartyinhislifetomorrownight.A.isgivenB.isgivingC.hasgivenD.hasbeen

39、giving3.Myuncle_toseeme.Hellbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.cameExercises第55页/共59页4.Ithinkshe_rightnow.A.readingB.readsC.isreadingD.read5.Beforelong,he_allaboutthematter.A.willhaveforgottenB.willforgetC.forgetsD.forgot6.He_amodelplanewhenIcametoseehim.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made7.Look!

40、Theboystudentsare_footballwhilethegirlsare_.A.playingdanceB.playingdancingB.C.playdancingD.playdance第56页/共59页长长长长元元元元音音音音/i:/i:/:/:/:/:/:/:/u:/u:/短短短短元元元元音音音音/e/e/双双双双元元元元音音音音/e/e/a/a/a/a/e/e/英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）Review第57页/共59页清辅音清辅音清辅音清辅音/p/p/t/t/k/k/f/f/s/s/浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音/b/b/d/d/g/g/v/v/z/z/清辅音清辅音清辅音清辅音/ts/ts/t/t/tr/tr/浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音/dz/dz/d/d/dr/dr/鼻音鼻音鼻音鼻音/m/m/n/n/其他辅音其他辅音其他辅音其他辅音/j/j/w/w/h/h/r/r/l/l/辅音（辅音（28个）个）第58页/共59页感谢您的观看！第59页/共59页