英语人教八年级下册现在完成时态基本规则大全.pptx

《英语人教八年级下册现在完成时态基本规则大全.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语人教八年级下册现在完成时态基本规则大全.pptx（42页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、主主主主要要要要内内内内容容容容下一页 现在完成时现在完成时上一页第1页/共42页上一页下一页主菜单第2页/共42页现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较第3页/共42页 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页助动词助动词have/has have/has+过去分词过去分词第4页/共42页过去分词

2、的构成过去分词的构成上一页下一页 Typeoriginal p.t p.pcostcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught rideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA ABC主菜单第5页/共42页现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。上一页下一页Li Lei Li Lei hashas just just cleaned cleaned the windowsthe windows.(现

3、在窗户是干净的。现在窗户是干净的。)I I havehave already already finishedfinished my homework.my homework.(我已经完成了作业，不需再做了。我已经完成了作业，不需再做了。)主菜单第6页/共42页二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可仍在继续。上一页下一页I I have learnthave learnt English for about two English for about two years.years.我已经学了大约两年多的英语。我已经学了大约两年多的英语。现在完成时的主要用法现在

4、完成时的主要用法主菜单She She has livedhas lived in Chongqing since in Chongqing since 2000.2000.她自从她自从20002000年以来一直住在重庆年以来一直住在重庆。第7页/共42页三.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。上一页下一页This is the first time he This is the first time he has drivenhas driven a car.a car.这是他第一次开车。这是他第一次开车。现在完成时的

5、主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单It is the first time I It is the first time I have comehave come to to Chonqing.Chonqing.这是我第一次来重庆。这是我第一次来重庆。第8页/共42页四.现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。上一页下一页It Its the most boring film Is the most boring film Ive ve ever ever seenseen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单WhatW

6、hats the best gift Joe s the best gift Joe has has ever ever receivedreceived?Joe曾收到过的最好的礼物是什么？曾收到过的最好的礼物是什么？第9页/共42页现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语连用，如:already,yet,never,ever,just,before,already,yet,never,ever,just,before,up to now,so far,in the last/past few weeksup to now,s

7、o far,in the last/past few weeks等,表示“到目前为止到目前为止”所发生的动作.还可以和包括现在在内包括现在在内包括现在在内包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语一段时间的状语一段时间的状语一段时间的状语连用，如:sincesince,for,for now,today,this morning(afternoon,evening,week,now,today,this morning(afternoon,evening,week,month,year),these days,month,year),these days,等.上一页下一页主菜单第1

8、0页/共42页一、一、sincesince短语或从句表示过去的动短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，作延续至今，sincesince之后的时间为一点之后的时间为一点。Mr.Smith Mr.Smith has workedhas worked here since 1984.here since 1984.（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）HeHes learneds learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.about 5,000 English words since he went to college

9、.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）上一页下一页主菜单第11页/共42页二二、forfor短语表示动作延续多长时间，短语表示动作延续多长时间，forfor后面跟时间段。后面跟时间段。We We have knownhave known each other each other for two for two years.years.（我们认识有两年了。）She She has workedhas worked in this school in this school for for twenty yearstwenty years.（她一直在这所学校工作二十年了。）上一页下一页主菜单

10、第12页/共42页三、三、justjust是完成时的时间状语，是完成时的时间状语，just just now now 有有a moment ago a moment ago 之意，是一之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。般过去时的时间状语。The train has The train has justjust arrived.arrived.（火车刚到。）Did you see Joan Did you see Joan just nowjust now?（你刚才看到琼了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单第13页/共42页四、四、in the past few years in the past few y

11、ears 意思是意思是“过去几年来过去几年来”，可作现在完成时，可作现在完成时的时间状语；的时间状语；in the pastin the past意思是意思是“在过去在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间，常作一般过去时的时间状语。状语。Great changes Great changes have takenhave taken place place in my hometown in the past in my hometown in the past few years.few years.（过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）Where Where diddid you you wo

12、rkwork in the past?in the past?（你过去在哪里工作？）上一页下一页主菜单第14页/共42页五、五、ever since thenever since then与与from then from then on(after that)on(after that)都有都有“打那以后打那以后”之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。SheShes liveds lived here ever since here ever since then.then.（打那以后，她一直住在这。）I I

13、 didndidnt heart hear of Jim from then of Jim from then on/after that.on/after that.（打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。）上一页下一页主菜单第15页/共42页 六、六、beforebefore泛指泛指“以前以前”时，可用时，可用于现在完成时中；于现在完成时中；agoago表示表示“现在现在的一段时间以前的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时，是一般过去时的时间状语。的时间状语。I Ive never been to Japan ve never been to Japan before.before.（我以前没去过日本。）

14、She went to Japan a year ago.She went to Japan a year ago.（她一年前去了日本。）上一页下一页主菜单第16页/共42页七、七、everever和和nevernever也是现在完成时也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾曾经经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是后者意思是“从来没有从来没有”，表示全，表示全部否定。部否定。“HaveHave you ever you ever seenseen the film?the film?”“No.I have never seen it.

15、No.I have never seen it.”（“你曾经看过这部影片吗？”“没有，从来没看过。”）Nobody in our class Nobody in our class hashas ever ever beenbeen there.there.（我们班没有人去过那里。）上一页下一页主菜单第17页/共42页八、八、alreadyalready和和yetyet常见于现在完成常见于现在完成时中，有时中，有“已经已经”之意。前者一般之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yetyet在否定句中有在否定句中有“还还”之意。之意。“Has the bus

16、 left yetHas the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.Yes.It has already left.”(“No.It hasnNo.It hasnt left yet.)t left yet.)“汽车开走了吗？”“是的，已经开走了。”（“不，还没有开走。”）上一页下一页主菜单第18页/共42页九、九、so far(so far(到目前为止到目前为止)，也是，也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。现在完成时常见的时间状语。So far,no man has travelled So far,no man has travelled farthe

17、r than the moon.farther than the moon.（到目前为止，还没有人到月球以外旅行。）上一页下一页主菜单第19页/共42页十、十、now,today,this morning,this now,today,this morning,this yearyear等有时可以用现在完成时中，以等有时可以用现在完成时中，以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。I have learned how to swim now.I have learned how to swim now.（我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。）Have you seen Han Mei

18、mei this Have you seen Han Meimei this morning?morning?（你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗？）上一页下一页主菜单第20页/共42页短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关动词与时间段的关系系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry to know,go,join,le

19、ave,marry 等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来 代替短暂性动词。主菜单第21页/共42页 becomebecomebebe,beginbeginhavehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be be here/there/inhere/there/in，diediebebe deaddead,fall asleep(ill)fall asleep(ill)be a

20、sleep(ill),be asleep(ill),finish finish be overbe over,get to knowget to knowknowknow,joinjoinbe in be in（be a member of be a member of ）,leave,leavebe away(frombe away(from),),marrymarrybebe marriedmarried等；下一页上一页主菜单第22页/共42页也可以仍用原短暂性动词，也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型用句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用或用“一般过去时+ago”这一结

21、构来表述延续性的动这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。作或状态。上一页下一页主菜单第23页/共42页他入党五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five He has been a Party member for five years.years.It is five years since he joined the Party.It is five years since he joined the

22、Party.He joined the Party five years ago.He joined the Party five years ago.电影开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began.It is five minutes since the film began.The film began five minutes ago.The film began five minutes

23、 ago.下一页上一页主菜单第24页/共42页 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单第25页/共42页 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five

24、years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/sinc

25、e 10 years ago.years ago.下一页上一页主菜单第26页/共42页 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6

26、o since 6 oclock.clock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 o since 6 oclock.clock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.下一页上一页主菜单第27页/共42页have been 与与have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have bee

27、n to a place 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。上一页下一页主菜单第28页/共42页 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling I have been to Guili

28、ng.I went there I went there last year.last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单第29页/共42页 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结保持的某种密切联系（如现

29、在的结果，影响果，影响,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）;而一而一般过去时，则只表示发生在过去的般过去时，则只表示发生在过去的动作和事情动作和事情,与现在没有关系。与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单第30页/共42页eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has

30、it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。主菜单第31页/共42页二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：They have known each other since 2003.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.主菜单第32

31、页/共42页三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the other day),the other day(前两天前两天),just now(),just now(刚才刚才)，时间，时间+ago,last+ago,last+时间时间 等等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week.主菜单第33页/共42页四常与现在完成时连用的表示到现在为止这段时间的词短语或从句:上一页下一页so far(so far(到现在为止到现在为止)

32、,),up to(till,until)nowup to(till,until)now直到现在，直到现在，latelylately（最近）（最近）,yet,yet（已经，还）（已经，还）,since+since+过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句。过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句。eg：The weather has been hot so far this summer.I havent seen her yet.主菜单第34页/共42页上一页主菜单第35页/共42页动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,w

33、e _(do)that already.Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.H

34、ow many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单第36页/共42页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smo

35、king last year.8.Mr chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单第37页/共42页选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here

36、 _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单第38页/共42页用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.north for half a year.2.2.Mum

37、is not at home now.she _ Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.the shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?_ you ever _ to kunming?Never.Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.

38、Where is Peter?I donWhere is Peter?I dont know where he t know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单第39页/共42页改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单第40页/共42页Thank you!Good bye!第41页/共42页感谢您的观看！第42页/共42页