英语国家概况.pptx

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1、Chapter 13Geography and History英英语语国国家家概概况况第1页/共42页Think and TalkLead-inDiscovery and ExplorationEuropean SettlementBritish CanadaCanadian NationCanada Since the 1980sHistory Exercises Location and SizeGeographical Regions and ClimateMajor Cities Geography Exercises Chapter 14:Geography and HistoryS

2、ichuan University of Science&Engineering第2页/共42页Whats your impression about CanadaI Lead-in:Sichuan University of Science&Engineering?第3页/共42页National tree:mapleSichuan University of Science&EngineeringNational flower:maple leafI Lead-in:第4页/共42页The Maple LeafSichuan University of Science&Engineerin

3、gThe Red Maple Leaf FlagI Lead-in:第5页/共42页Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringMeanings of the Canadian flag?The white area means the large area of Canada.As the large area of Canada is covered with snow for years,its white.The maple means the Canadians.As Canadas west is Pacific,its east is Atl

4、antic,the two red areas mean Pacific and Atlantic.I Lead-in:第6页/共42页Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringThe BeaverI Lead-in:第7页/共42页Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringHockey:Canadas national winter sportI Lead-in:Lacrosse:Canadas national summer sport第8页/共42页Sichuan University of Science&

5、EngineeringI Lead-in:Niagara Falls第9页/共42页Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringI Lead-in:第10页/共42页II Geography:Location and SizeSichuan University of Science&EngineeringWhich of the following descriptions is correct about Canada?第11页/共42页II Geography:Location and SizeSichuan University of Scienc

6、e&EngineeringCanada has a landmass of nearly 10 million square kilometers,almost as big as the whole of Europe.Its 10 provinces and 3 territories cover about two-fifths of the North American continent.From north to south,its territory sprawls more than 4,600 kilometers.From east to west,the country

7、stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean,a distance that spans 6 time zones.第12页/共42页II Geography:Geographical Regions and Climate1.How many geographic regions can Canada be divided into?The Atlantic Region:The Central Region:The Prairie Region:The Pacific Region:The Northern Region:Si

8、chuan University of Science&Engineering第13页/共42页II Geography:Geographical Regions and Climate2.Canadas vast territory and unique topography result in a climate with wide regional variations.Can you figure out what the weather is like in the above regions?The Atlantic Region:The Central Region:The Pr

9、airie Region:The Pacific Region:The Northern Region:cold winter,hot summer,sparse precipitation a continental climatea continental climatea moderate climatetemperature below zero for seven monthsSichuan University of Science&Engineering第14页/共42页II Geography:Major CitiesOttawa 渥太华圣母大教堂渥太华圣母大教堂the cap

10、ital of Canadathe countrys fourth largest citya municipality within the province of OntarioSichuan University of Science&EngineeringOttawa?第15页/共42页II Geography:Major CitiesToronto 多伦多多伦多the capital of Ontariothe largest city in CanadaCanadas financial and commercial centerSichuan University of Scie

11、nce&EngineeringToronto?one of the most multicultural cities in the world第16页/共42页II Geography:Major CitiesMontreal 蒙特利尔体育场蒙特利尔体育场the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebecthe second largest city in CanadaIt held the 21st Olympic Games in 1976.Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringMontrea

12、l?the second largest French-speaking city in the world after Paris第17页/共42页II Geography:Major CitiesQuebec city 魁北克魁北克the second largest city in Quebecthe capital of the province of Quebecthe second oldest existing European settlement in CanadaSichuan University of Science&EngineeringQuebec city?第18

13、页/共42页II Geography:Major CitiesVancouver温哥华温哥华the third largest city in the countrya coastal city and major seaport in southwestern British Columbiahas the second largest Chinatown in North America after San FranciscoSichuan University of Science&EngineeringVancouver?第19页/共42页III History:Discovery a

14、nd ExplorationThe French exploration of Canada began in 1535,when Jacques Cartier attempted to find new routes to the Orient.In 1497,John Cabot,an Italian sea captain,sailed west from Britain,searching for a new route to Asia.This voyage led to the discovery of Canada.Trading with the local Indians

15、began.Sichuan University of Science&Engineering第20页/共42页III History:Discovery and ExplorationSichuan University of Science&EngineeringWith the development of unorganized traffic in furs,the Canadian fur trade,later fur monopoly,gradually began to take shape.第21页/共42页III History:European SettlementSi

16、chuan University of Science&EngineeringIn the early 1600s,both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada.During the 1750s,the famous Seven Years War between France and Britain started.All of Canada came under British control.第22页/共42页III History:British CanadaSichuan University of S

17、cience&EngineeringIn 1774,the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act,coping with the differences between French and British People.In 1791,Canada was split into Upper Canada(English-speaking Ontario)and Lower Canada(French-speaking Quebec).In 1841,Upper and Lower Canada united as the British Colon

18、y,the Province of Canada.第23页/共42页III History:Canadian NationSichuan University of Science&EngineeringIn 1867,The Constitution Act created the self-governing dominion of Canada.In 1931,Canada was recognized as an equal partner of Britain.The federal governments power increased since the 1950s to its

19、 historical height.By 1961,the country had become one of the worlds most urbanized nations.During the 1970s,the relationship between Canada and the US became strained.第24页/共42页III History:Canada Since the 1980sSichuan University of Science&EngineeringThe Canada Act of 1982 made Canada a fully sovere

20、ign state.In the early 1990s,Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord both failed in a national referendum.In the 1993 national election,Progressive Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberals.In 1997 Chretiens Liberal government succeeded in ending the 20 years of federal budget deficit.When

21、Paul Martin took office,Sino-Canadian relationship improved.第25页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringI.Read the following statement and decide whether they are true(T)or false(F).1.Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of territory.2.The lakes in Canada cov

22、er about 7.6%of the Canadian landmass.3.Canada has a typical oceanic climate influenced by both the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.4.The Seven Year War led to the British control of most of the territories in Canada.TFTF第26页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringI.Read the

23、following statement and decide whether they are true(T)or false(F).5.Canada was split into Upper Canada and Lower Canada in 1791.6.During World War 2,neutral policy protected Canada from the wartime destruction.7.Chretiens Liberal government succeeded in lowering the persistently high unemployment r

24、ate.8.Canada was the first country in the world to allow same-sex marriage.TFTF第27页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringII.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1.Canadas fur trade,later fur monopoly,gradually began to take shape in the century.A.1

25、5th B.16th C.17th D.18th 2.The Liberal government led by Mackenzie King did the following to lay the foundations of the Canadian welfare state EXCEPT .A.increasing the old age pensions B.promoting federal-provincial welfare programs C.expending unemployment benefits D.introducing health insurance.BD

26、第28页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringII.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.3.won the Nobel Prize for Peace in1957 for organizing a peacekeeping force to defuse the Suez Crisis.A.Pierre Trudeau B.Lester Pearson C.Jean Chretien D.Brian Mulrone

27、y4.In the ,Canada was obsessed with economic recession.A.1950s B.1960s C.1970s D.1980sBC第29页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringII.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.5.Pierre Trudeau retired from his post as head of the government and party lea

28、der partly because .A.he opposed the American war in Vietnam B.he agreed Quebec to be an independent French-speaking nation C.he had not been able to reverse the declining economic trend D.he weakened government intervention in the national economyC第30页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science

29、&EngineeringII.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.6.recognized Quebec as a“distinct society”.A.The Meech Lake Accord B.The Quebec Act C.The Constitutional Act D.The British North America Act7.was Canadas first woman Prime Minister.A.Pierre Trudeau B.Brian Mulroney C.

30、Jean Chretien D.Kim CampbellAD第31页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringII.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.8.Martins Liberal government tried to do the following EXCEPT .A.legalizing same-sex marriage in Canada B.giving the Quebec city soverei

31、gnty C.improving Canadian-U.S.relations D.forging a closer relationship with ChinaB第32页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringIII.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What was the original purpose of John Cabot and Jacques Cartier when they came to Canada?Both John Cab

32、ot and Jacques Cartier originally wanted to find new routes to Asia.However,the voyage led them to Canada.第33页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringIII.Give brief answers to the following questions.2.Why did the Meech Lake Accord fail in 1990?The Meech Lake Accord failed in 1990

33、 because many people regarded the Meech Lake Accord as an attempt to weaken or even dismantle the power of the Canadian federal government,and also viewed the special status of Quebec as unfair and problematic.第34页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringIII.Give brief answers to t

34、he following questions.3.How did Jean Chretien government gain popularity among the Canadian people in its early years?The Chretiens government cut government spending while maintaining the high tax rates.It strongly supported private enterprises as the key source of economic growth.Therefore,it gai

35、ned popularity among the Canadian people in its early years.第35页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringIV.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What is the Quebec Issue in Canada?In the early 1600s,both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada.Th

36、e French founded a colony in Quebec city and extended from the St.Lawrence River to the Great Lakes and then from there to the Great Plains and the Mississippi Valley.The British settled along the Atlantic coast.Due to the competition for land,there were conflicts between Britain and France.The Seve

37、n Years第36页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringIV.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What is the Quebec Issue in Canada?War brought the whole Canada under the British control.In 1774,the Quebec Act granted the people of Quebec linguistic and religious freedo

38、m,and guaranteed the use of French civil law and British criminal law.According to the Constitutional Act of 1791,Canada was split into the English-speaking Ontario and the French-speaking Quebec,both with limited self-government and political organization.In the 第37页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan Univer

39、sity of Science&EngineeringIV.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What is the Quebec Issue in Canada?1960s,Quebec wanted to separate from Canada and to establish a French-speaking nation.The Quebec sovereignty movement led to referenda in 1980 and 1995,with its proposals for indepe

40、ndence being rejected by the voters.Mulroneys government made national unity a high priority.In 1987,the Meech Lake Accord was passed,recognizing the distinctive state of Quebec.However,the Accord was defeated in第38页/共42页IV Exercises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringIV.State your understandi

41、ng of the following questions.1.What is the Quebec Issue in Canada?1990.In 1992,the Charlottetown Accord which addressed greater autonomy for both Quebec and the aboriginal population was also defeated in a national referendum.Hence,Quebec still remains one of the provinces of Canada.第39页/共42页IV Exe

42、rcises:Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringIV.State your understanding of the following questions.2.What are the similarities between the major cities of Canada?Canadas major cities include Ottawa,Toronto,Quebec city,Montreal and Vancouver,all located near the Canadian-U.S.border.Each city has a large population with people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds.The climate in this area is comparatively moderate,with mild summers and winters,high humidity and abundant rainfall.第40页/共42页英英语语国国家家概概况况第41页/共42页感谢您的观看！第42页/共42页