虚拟语气讲稿.ppt

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1、关于虚拟语气课件第一页，讲稿共四十三页哦4陈述语气陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定有肯定,否定否定,疑问或感叹等形式疑问或感叹等形式4I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4祈祈使语气使语气4请求请求,邀请邀请,命令命令,警告或劝告等警告或劝告等Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一一.语气的分类语气的分类第二页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用是一种特殊的动

2、词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在在条件条件从句中从句中或或让步让步状语从句中状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念第三页，讲稿共四十三页哦一、非真实条件句（一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气等）中的虚拟语气1.时态一致时态一致2.混合条件句混合条件句3.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句2.4.倒装句倒装句5.Ifonly感叹感叹二、名词

3、性从句的虚拟语气：二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、ItstimeItsnecessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从句从句第四页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况的条件。分三种情况(以以do为例为例)：虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实情况表示与事实情

4、况相反相反条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示现在情况过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用were)Would/could/might/should(用于第用于第1人称人称)+动词原动词原形形(do)表示过去情况表示过去情况过去完成式过去完成式(had+done)Would/could/might/should+havedone表示将来情况表示将来情况过去式过去式(did)/(were)should+doweretodoWould/could/might/should+do第五页，讲稿共四十三页哦1.If I had HIV,I would know

5、 because I would feel sick.2.If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.3.If I had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.4.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.（与现在事实相反）（与过去事实相反）第六页，讲稿共四十三页哦5.If it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it,if w

6、e planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7.If we were to have three days off,we would enjoy a very happy life.(与将来事实相反)第七页，讲稿共四十三页哦2、错综时间的虚拟句、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式思采用不同的谓语动词形式.1.IfIwer

7、eyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在从句指现在,主句指过去主句指过去)。2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去从句指过去,主句指现在主句指现在)。3.Ifwehadntbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldntbegoingsosmoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。（从句指过去，主句指现在）。4.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingsti

8、llbetter.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。（从句指过去，主句指现在）。5.Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingamoreterribletimetomorrow.（从句指现在，主句指将来）（从句指现在，主句指将来）第八页，讲稿共四十三页哦3、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：butfor,without,otherwise等。如：Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.如果不是听了你的建议，我就

9、不会做的如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。第九页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气4、省略、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有were,had或或should时，时，可省略可省略if，而把，而把它们放在句首。它们放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimabouti

10、t.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.ShouldhefailintheexperimentIfyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在条件从句中在条件从句中Hadyoucomeafew.第十页，讲稿共四十三页哦5.If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I coul

11、d see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!第十一页，讲稿共四十三页哦a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRA

12、CTICE1:Fillintheblanks.第十二页，讲稿共四十三页哦c.Ifthepoliceman_(benot)inthatroomnow,it_(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_(be)inyourpositionatthistime,I_(ask)forteachershelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask第十三页，讲稿共四十三页哦Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad第十四页，讲稿共四十三页哦a.IfTom_(be)morecarefulin

13、theexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks第十五页，讲稿共四十三页哦c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone第十六页，讲稿共四十三页哦3.名词性从句的虚拟语气。名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟

14、语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order,command三个建议：三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：五个要求：demand,require,request,desire ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词法。即从句中的动词 使用使用should+should+动词原形，动词原形，或者将或者将shouldshould省略。省略。第十七页，讲稿共四十三页哦我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我

15、到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.第十八页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 注意注意:insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气各有两意思，要用不同的语

16、气表表“坚决要求坚决要求”,虚拟虚拟,should+do;表表“坚称坚称,坚持说坚持说”,陈述语气陈述语气,表事实。表事实。表表“建议建议”，虚拟，虚拟,should+do;表表“表明、暗示表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。，用陈述语气。Theteachersuggestedthatwe_moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）（我们课后多练习）Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe_happyHeinsistedthatallofus_thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）Heinsistedthat

17、he_thewallet(没有偷钱包没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbedidntsteal第十九页，讲稿共四十三页哦 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.order,advice,suggestion,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,proposal,demand,request,desiredesire第二十页，讲稿共四十三页哦Its suggested that the p

18、lan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.第二十一页，讲稿共四十三页哦二：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish 2.的宾语从句现在：过去：将来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.should1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）（现在）2.IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.（过去）

19、（过去）3.Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.4.（将来）（将来）as if,as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样As if/though和wish用法相同第二十二页，讲稿共四十三页哦Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.I remembered the whole thing as if it

20、 had happened yesterday.第二十三页，讲稿共四十三页哦2.wouldrather(that)现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时第二十四页，讲稿共四十三页哦3.Its(about/high)time+(that)should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshigh

21、timethatyoushouldgo.Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略不可省略)第二十五页，讲稿共四十三页哦4.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the pa

22、rty.Its necessary that we should study hard.第二十六页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气1.1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missed C.would miss D.missed2.It was the drug2.It was the drug，no

23、t the diseasenot the disease，that killed the that killed the boy.boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B.hadnt takenA.not take B.hadnt takenC.didnt takeD.shouldnt have takenC.didnt takeD.shouldnt have takenExercises第二十七页，讲稿共四十三

24、页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen C.should listen D.would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold A.sel

25、l B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell C.shall sell D.would sell5.I wish this bus _ to the university.5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had goneA.go B.went C.has gone D.had gone第二十八页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimveryw

26、ell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been8.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent第二十九页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherigh

27、ttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken第三十页，讲稿共四十三页哦虚拟语气虚拟语气12.(2003上上海海春春季季高高考考题题)LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI_youradvice.A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow13.(2002上上海海高高考考题题)Itish

28、ardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove，attheageof seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in myhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behindhim，buthedidntbelieveit.A.hadntspokenB.shouldntspeakC.wouldntspeakD.notspeak第三十一页，讲稿共四十三页

29、哦三种基本形式If I had a bike,I would lend it to you.(if从句用过去时,主句用should/would/could/might+不定式)If he had been here,he would have helped you.(从句过去完成时,主句should/would/could/might+不定式完成时)If I should/were to do the experiment,I would do it some other way.(从句用should/were to,主句用should/would/could/might+不定式)第三十二页，

30、讲稿共四十三页哦if的省略1.Were you in my position,you would do the same.2.Had he come earlier,he would have seen her.3.Should they attack us,we would wipe them out completely.第三十三页，讲稿共四十三页哦If onlyIf only you would listen to reason.If only I were ten years younger.IF only he didnt drive so fast.If only he had a

31、sked someones advice.If I could only go to the concert.If I could only/but/just explain.第三十四页，讲稿共四十三页哦I wishI wish I knew the answer.I wish I had known the address.I wish I were young.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.I wished I knew his address.(发生在过去=I was sorry I didnt know his address

32、.)I wished I were young.(=I was sorry I was not young.)第三十五页，讲稿共四十三页哦Would ratherI would rather you told her the truth.Id rather you came tomorrow.Id rather(that)he painted it blue.I would(just)as soon that John had not spoken rudely to me.第三十六页，讲稿共四十三页哦It is(high)time that.It is time we_(leave).It

33、is time we _(go)to bed.Its high time that you were in bed.Its about time we left.第三十七页，讲稿共四十三页哦Its important that.It is important that we _(speak)politely.It is imperative that we_(practice)criticism and self-criticism strange,advisable,anxious,crucial,appropriate compulsory,desirable,eager,essentia

34、l,fitting,imperative(绝对必要的),impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing第三十八页，讲稿共四十三页哦I insist thatI insist that we _(go)there by bus.He suggested that we _(leave)early.The judge ordered that the prisoner _(be)sentenced to 30 days in jail.第三十九页，讲稿共四十三页哦这些动词

35、和名词后的从句为should+Vadvise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist,move(insistence),order,request,require prefer(preference),urge,vote,ask,propose(proposal),(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate,desire(stipulation),allow,ar

36、range,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,pray,intend,move,pledge,command 第四十页，讲稿共四十三页哦My suggestion.My suggestion is that we should tell him.Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.request command necessity importance motion proposal resolution recommendation understanding第四十一页，讲稿共四十三页哦but for,otherwise,withoutThe storm delayed us.But for the storm we would have been in time.I used my calculator;otherwise Id have taken much longer.Supposing I accepted this offer,what would you say?Without you timely help,my daughter would have 第四十二页，讲稿共四十三页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第四十三页，讲稿共四十三页哦