高中英语主谓一致的用法自己整理课件.ppt
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1、关于高中英语主谓一致的用法自己整理第1页,此课件共58页哦主谓一致的定义主谓一致的定义主谓一致是指主谓一致是指谓语谓语在在人称人称和和数数上必须和上必须和主语主语的的人称人称和和数保持一致数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则,也是英语和汉语区别很大遵循的基本规则,也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。的地方。第2页,此课件共58页哦主谓一致的三大原则主谓一致的三大原则 一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则 二、意义一致原则二、意义一致原则 三、就近原则三、就近原则第3页,此课件共58页哦一一、语法一致原则语法一致原则v主语为单数或不可数形式,则谓语动词也用主语为单数或不可数形式
2、,则谓语动词也用单数形式;单数形式;v主语为复数形式,则谓语动词也用复数形式。主语为复数形式,则谓语动词也用复数形式。I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each other.第4页,此课件共58页哦二、意义一致二、意义一致v主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数;动词用复数;v主语形式为复数,而意义为单数,则谓语动主语形式为复数,而意义为单数,则谓语动词用单数。词用单数。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Ma
3、ths is hard to learn.第5页,此课件共58页哦三、就近原则三、就近原则v就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。靠近它的主语。例如:例如:There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.第6页,此课件共58页哦主谓一致主谓一致三原则三原则:语法一致:单单复复语法一致:单单复复意义一致:形单意复复意义一致:形单意复复:people police 形复意单单形复意单单:news maths就近一致:就近一致:not onlybut also等等第7页,此课件共58页哦1.由由and连接两个名
4、词时,谓语动词一般用连接两个名词时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。复数形式。(both and)The mother and father speak a little English.2.代词做主语代词做主语(1)every,each,either,no+单数名词做主语时,单数名词做主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数。Every girl wants to look beautiful.No one knows all their names.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致第8页,此课件共58页哦(2)all 表复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式;表复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式
5、;all 表表单数时,谓语动词要用动词的第三人称单数形式。单数时,谓语动词要用动词的第三人称单数形式。All planets do not have a satellite.All is not gold that glitters.(3)None of 做主语时,如果其后的名词是不可做主语时,如果其后的名词是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果是可数名词,数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果是可数名词,谓语动词单、复数均可。谓语动词单、复数均可。None of the water was left.(水一点也没剩。水一点也没剩。)None of the students has/have ever be
6、en to the island.(学生中谁也没去过那个岛。学生中谁也没去过那个岛。)第9页,此课件共58页哦语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致1.主语主语+with(together with,along with,),as well as,including,rather than,besides,except,but,in addition to,other than,like,not ect.结构中,谓语与主语一致结构中,谓语与主语一致第10页,此课件共58页哦2.不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数数1Serving the peopl
7、e is my great happiness.2When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided.3When and where we will go hasnt been decided.*但当但当what引导的句子做主语,若后面是引导的句子做主语,若后面是“be+名词名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化的结构时,谓语随名词变化。Eg:1.)What you did was right.2.)What you need are these dictionaries.第11页,此课件共58页哦3.定语从句中定语从句中,“one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从
8、句定语从句”从从句的谓语动词复数句的谓语动词复数。若在在one of 前有前有the,the only,the very修饰时,修饰时,从句的谓语动词则用单数。从句的谓语动词则用单数。Eg:1.)She is one of these women who _the violin well.2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.playplays第12页,此课件共58页哦4.定语从句中主语是关系代词定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which时,从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致时,从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致。Eg:I,w
9、ho _your teacher,will teach you everything I know.am第13页,此课件共58页哦5.在强调句中,如被强调的是句子的主语时,在强调句中,如被强调的是句子的主语时,则则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致一致eg:1.)It is Mike who always _ me to study maths after class.2.)It was I rather than they that _ punished by the boss.helpswas第14页,此课件共58页哦6.half of./th
10、e rest of./part of/plenty of/分数(分数(%)+of.等作主语,等作主语,谓语动词随谓语动词随of后的名词而变化后的名词而变化。第15页,此课件共58页哦 意义意义一致一致1.由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。后面的名词前没有冠词。Eg.1.)The writer and teacher is her uncle.2.)A poet and artist is coming to deliver a speech.3.)My c
11、lassmate and friend _going to pay a visit to me.4.)A fork and knife is on the table.5.)War and peace is often peoples topic.is第16页,此课件共58页哦 a knife and fork一副刀叉一副刀叉;bread and butter加黄油的面包加黄油的面包;coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡加牛奶的咖啡;whisky and soda 汽水汽水 salt and water 盐水盐水 a needle and thread针线针线;a horse and c
12、art四轮马车四轮马车;a watch and chain表链表链;a coat and tie;配有领带的上衣配有领带的上衣 war and peace战争与和平战争与和平;truth and honesty;真诚真诚 medical help and cure;药物治疗;药物治疗aim and end 目的目的第17页,此课件共58页哦2.and连接的两个或多个主语前如有连接的两个或多个主语前如有each,every,no,many a(许多)等修饰时,谓语用许多)等修饰时,谓语用单数。单数。Eg.1.)Every tree and(every)flower is to be cut do
13、wn.2.)No sound and no voice is heard.3.)Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.4.)In our country each boy and(each)girl has right to receive education.第18页,此课件共58页哦3.表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等复数名词表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等复数名词表示单位数量作主语时,被看作整体时谓语表示单位数量作主语时,被看作整体时谓语用单数用单数。eg:Sixty years is a long time.Ten dollars is e
14、nough for him.Three thousand miles is a long distance.Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried.*如强调具体数目,则用复数。如强调具体数目,则用复数。One hundred cents make a dollar.More than fifty years have passed since they got married.第19页,此课件共58页哦4.“many a+单数名词单数名词 /more than one+单数名词单数名词 /one and a half+单数名词单数名词”作主语
15、,作主语,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数eg:1.)many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.2.)More than one student has turned up at the meeting.3.)One and a half banana was eaten by the boy.第20页,此课件共58页哦5.由由some,any,every,no构成的不定代词构成的不定代词,谓语动词谓语动词用单数用单数第21页,此课件共58页哦6.each of/either of./one of谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数.none of/neith
16、er of可单可复,根据说话人的意可单可复,根据说话人的意思决定;思决定;*但代表不可数名词时,用单数但代表不可数名词时,用单数eg:1.)None of us are/is perfect.2.)Neither of them know/knows the answer.3.)None of this worries me./None of this money is mine.*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用,作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。Neither statement was true.第22页,此课件共58页哦7.主语是书名,剧名,报纸名,国名等
17、复数主语是书名,剧名,报纸名,国名等复数形式的名词,仍为个体,谓语用单数形式的名词,仍为个体,谓语用单数 The United States is a developed country.8.带引号的词语作主语,谓语单数带引号的词语作主语,谓语单数 “I”is the ninth letter of the English alphabet.第23页,此课件共58页哦意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致1.集合名词集合名词family,class,team,group,crowd,audience,company,army,enemy,government,population作主语,作主语,若强
18、调整体,谓语动词用单数若强调整体,谓语动词用单数若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数 eg:书书p52.集合名词集合名词cattle,clothes,people,the police表表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族(可数名词,民族(可数名词,peoples)第24页,此课件共58页哦3.主语是单复数同形的名词主语是单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish鱼鱼,series系列系列,species物种物种,means手段手段,works工厂工厂,aircraft飞行器飞行器,ect.时时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数
19、。Eg:1.)A new means has been used.2.)Many means have not come into effect.4.以以-s结尾的一些词结尾的一些词the Olympic Games,manners,remains,earnings,belongings,goods,surroundings,winnings,leavings,ect.表示复数表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数意义,谓语动词用复数第25页,此课件共58页哦5.physics,politics,mathematics等一些以等一些以“-ics”结尾的词,指学科时属单数,谓语动词用单数。结尾的词,指学科
20、时属单数,谓语动词用单数。eg.1.)Physics is not difficult to learn.2.)Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school.注:若指某学科能力,成绩,应用等或注:若指某学科能力,成绩,应用等或非学科含义时被看作复数,谓语常用复数。非学科含义时被看作复数,谓语常用复数。My mathematics are week.What are your politics政治信仰/见解?第26页,此课件共58页哦6.成双成对出现的复数名词如成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses,shoes,trousers,
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