长城英文介绍中英文对照.pptx
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1、TheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinnorthernChina,builtoriginallytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpireagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgroups.Severalwallshavebeenbuiltsincethe5thcenturyBCthatarereferredtocollectivelyastheGreatWall,whichhasbeenrebuiltandmaintainedfrom
2、the5thcenturyBCthroughthe16thcentury.Oneofthemostfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,QinShiHuang.Littleofthatwallremains;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty.第2页/共15页TheGreatWallstretchesfromShanhaiguanintheeast,toLopNurinthewest,alonganarcthatroughlydelin
3、eatesthesouthernedgeofInnerMongolia.ThemostcomprehensivearchaeologicalsurveyhasrecentlyconcludedthattheentireGreatWall,withallofitsbranches,stretchesfor8,851.8km.Thisismadeupof6,259.6kmsectionsofactualwall,359.7kmoftrenchesand2,232.5kmofnaturaldefensivebarrierssuchashillsandrivers.第3页/共15页第4页/共15页第5
4、页/共15页TheChinesewerealreadyfamiliarwiththetechniquesofwall-buildingbythetimeoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriodfromthe5thcenturyBCto221BC,thestatesofQin,Wei,Zhao,QiandYanallconstructedextensivefortificationstodefendtheirownborders.QinShiHuangconqueredallopposingstatesandunifiedCh
5、inain221BC,establishingtheQinDynasty.ToprotecttheempireagainstintrusionsbytheXiongnupeoplefromthenorth,heorderedthebuildingofanewwalltoconnecttheremainingfortificationsalongtheempiresnewnorthernfrontier.Mostoftheancientwallshaveerodedawayoverthecenturies,andveryfewsectionsremaintoday.第6页/共15页Later,t
6、heHan,SuiandJindynastiesallrepaired,rebuilt,orexpandedsectionsoftheGreatWallatgreatcosttodefendthemselvesagainstnortherninvaders.TowardstheendoftheMingDynasty,theGreatWallhelpeddefendtheempireagainsttheManchuinvasions.However,whenthegatesatShanhaiguanwereopenedbyWuSangui,theManchusquicklyseizedBeiji
7、ngandestablishedtheQingDynasty.UnderQingrule,ChinasbordersextendedbeyondthewallsandMongoliawasannexedintotheempire,soconstructionandrepairsontheGreatWallwerediscontinued.第7页/共15页从春秋时代开始,我国古代人民便已熟悉城墙建造技术。从春秋时代开始,我国古代人民便已熟悉城墙建造技术。在从公元前在从公元前5 5世纪至公元前世纪至公元前221221年的战国时期,秦、魏、赵、年的战国时期,秦、魏、赵、齐和燕各国建立广泛的防御工事来
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