跨文化交际电大辅导.ppt
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1、跨文化交际辅导课程跨文化交际辅导课程Contents Unit 1 Language and culture in communication Unit 2 Culture Shock Unit 3 Whats in a Name?Unit 5 Roles and Relationships Unit 6 Non-verbal Communication Unit 7 In other wordsChapter one Language and Culture in CommunicationYour ObjectivesBy the end of this unit you will be
2、able tounderstand the relationship between language,culture and communication;distinguish some general concepts,models and types of communication;recognize the meanings in communication,the definitions of a social situation and the goals in a social situation;be aware of situational schema and diffe
3、rent values and non-verbal signals in communication.CultureCulture:A shared background(e.g.National,ethnic,religious)resulting from a common language and communication style,customs,beliefs,attitudes,and values.It refers to the informal and often hidden patterns of human interactions,expressions,and
4、 viewpoints that people in one culture share.LanguageLanguage is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it.It is considered as the keystone of culture,for without language,culture would not be possible.In the broadest sense,language is the symbolic representation of a people,and it com
5、prises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.Learning a foreign language also means learning to see the world as native speakers of that language see it,learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas,customs,an
6、d behavior of that society,learning to understand their“language of the mind”.Learning a language,in fact,is inseparable from learning its culture.PrinciplesCulture,unlike language,is not comprised of fixed rules that apply to all members of one culture.Cultural generalizations are different from st
7、ereotypes.generalization:a general statement 概说,普遍化概说,普遍化 stereotype:a conventional,formulaic,oversimplified conception,opinion,or image 陈见陈见There are no absolute rights and wrongs implied in this course,only cultural differences.PrinciplesTwo levels of observation:a.All cultures have values and ide
8、als that their members say are true;b.Peoples behavior may not always reflect those values.Culture does not explain all behavior.It is best not to overemphasize either cultural differences or cultural similarities.Finally,learning about culture is enriching.CommunicationA kind of communication(verba
9、l and nonverbal)between people from different cultures.Life and CommunicationLife is communication and communication is life.Successful/unsuccessful communication in lifeCommunication means not only life but also development.Information is communicated and information means power and money.Models of
10、 CommunicationMono-cultural language communication:Communication between people speaking the same language.Unilateral(单方面的;片面的单方面的;片面的)cross-cultural language communication:Cross-cultural communication together with a bilingual speaker.Bilateral(双边的,双方的双边的,双方的)cross-cultural language communication:C
11、ommunication between people/interlocutors who have mastered both languages,they can switch freely to either of the two languages.Case StudyWhen having a dinner with Adam,a Canadian tourist who does not know Chinese at all,Xiao Wang is talking to him in simple English:“This is Sweet and Sour West Lak
12、e Fish.Please try try.”Please use bilateral cross-cultural communication model to analyze this communication.Meanings in CommunicationDiagnose the problems in the following case please:Angela,a Canadian,married a Chinese engineer Joe Wang in the States.Later Joes mother came to visit them from Hangz
13、hou,China.The next day after her arrival,Angela talked to Joe while his mother was playing with their little son Jeremy in the garden.Angela:Joe,how long is your mum going to stay?Joe:I dont know.I havent asked her.Angela:Why not ask her?Joe:How could I ask her?Angela:Why not?I just want to ask her
14、how long shes going to stay.To Angelas great puzzlement,the next day,her mother-in-law told them that she would leave for Hangzhou in a week.It seemed that the mother had overheard their conversation.But why?Question:What went wrong with Angela and her mother-in-law?Utterance(言辞言辞)meaning:The meanin
15、g what the utterance normally means.E.g.:How long is she going to stay?Speakers meaning:The meaning the speaker has intended to convey by way of utterance meaning.Angela wanted to know her mother-in-laws plan so that she might make some good arrangements.Hearers meaning:The meaning the hearer has un
16、derstood on the basis of the utterance meaning.According to Chinese custom,it might be impolite for a host to ask a guest about his or her staying plan which might imply that the guest is not welcome.Having overheard their conversation,Angelas mother-in-law misunderstood that Angela didnt welcome he
17、r,so she decided to leave them earlier than expected.Definitions of Social Smunity definition official interpretation of the situation-social situation of meeting,classroom teaching,etc.b.participants definitionGoals in Social SituationsWhat is a goal?A goal is a purpose you want to achieve by doing
18、 something.Goals in a social situation:a.institutionalized(习惯等习惯等)被确立的被确立的,被接受的被接受的)goals in public places b.private goalsSituational SchemaWhen you join a social gathering,you must be aware of rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed.There is a technical term for such ru
19、les and proceduresschema(程式程式,模式模式,计划计划).How to Open a Seminar?-Right,ladies and gentlemen,welcome to this seminar.I have the great honor of presenting to you Prof.Simpson.His topic today is“”.Professor Simpson,please.-Well,its time.Every one is here?Im pleased to introduce Mr.How to Organize the Le
20、cture?-My talk consists of four parts.Part 1 outlines the relation between language,culture and communication;Part 2 introduces to you the notion of models of communication.Part 3 focuses on meanings in communication.And the last part will be on different values in communication.How to Highlight the
21、 Most Important Message?The point I want to drive home is we all make generalizations.Everyone generalizes every day just to make sense of his experience.Some generalizations include positive or negative judgments.How to Switch from One Section to Another?So first things first.Lets start with Part 1
22、Any questions so far?No?Good.Now part 2.This leads to the topic of Part 3.Lets move on to the topic of pollution,Part 3.Finally Part 4Different Values in CommunicationGroup Task Please have a discussion with your group members on how much misunderstanding might occur if with the literal English vers
23、ion of the following Chinese polite forms:Sue,an English teacher,had a birthday party at home last weekend.It was a good time,but she was a bit upset by one of her guests,Yang,a Chinese girl who has just come to the States.The following is their initial conversation:Sue:Oh,Yang,how nice you could co
24、me!Yang:Hi,Sue.Happy birthday!Sue:Thanks!Come on in.Can I take your coat?Yang:No,thanks.Sue:Ok,this way please.Yang:(takes off her own coat and hangs it.)Question:Why was Sue upset?Sue was upset because Yang did not let her hang her coat.Sues offer to hang Yangs coat is one of her ways of showing he
25、r hospitality.On Yangs side,she thought that Sue was her teacher and it was inappropriate to let her teacher hang her coat.So she did it by herself to show her respect for Sue.Here is an instance of one action attached with different cultural values.Case Study 2Please analyze the following case and
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