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1、关于英语句子成分课件第一页,讲稿共四十八页哦英语英语的基本成分有的基本成分有七七种:种:主语(主语(subjectsubject)、谓语)、谓语(predicatepredicate)、表语()、表语(predicativepredicative)、宾语)、宾语(objectobject)、定语()、定语(attributeattribute)、状语)、状语(adverbial)(adverbial)和补语(和补语(complementcomplement)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五五种基本句型种基本句型.句子包括哪些成分?句子包括哪些成分?第二页,讲稿共四十
2、八页哦Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第三页,讲稿共四十八页哦第四页,讲稿共四十八页哦主语(主语(subject):句子叙述的主体,一般位于句首句子叙述的主体,一般位于句首The sun rises in the east.(名词)(名词)He likes dancing.(代词)(代词)Twenty ye
3、ars is a short time in history.(数词数词)Fishing is allowed.(动名词)(动名词)第五页,讲稿共四十八页哦The rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词名词化的形容词第六页,讲稿共四十八页哦1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语!不能做主语!第七页,讲稿共四十八页哦找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotal
4、kwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测第八页,讲稿共四十八页哦单选:单选:1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo 2010 nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They第九页,讲稿共四十八页哦第十页,讲稿共四
5、十八页哦谓语(谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.第十一页,讲稿共四十八页哦Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语
6、构成第十二页,讲稿共四十八页哦Open the door,please!Go and get some water for me.Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight.祈使句:祈使句:1.省略主语省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形第十三页,讲稿共四十八页哦找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Didthetwinshaveeggsf
7、ortheirbreakfast?第十四页,讲稿共四十八页哦Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Heisinterestedinmusic.Whomdidyougivemybookto?第十五页,讲稿共四十八页哦按要求找出下列句子的主谓:按要求找出下列句子的主谓:1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.(主谓)(主谓)2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.(谓)(谓)3.Dontgetnervous,andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike(主谓)(主谓)4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnoth
8、appeninthecenteroftown.(主谓)(主谓)5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.(主)(主)6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?(主谓)(主谓)主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you第十六页,讲稿共四十八页哦1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayaftern
9、oon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选:单选:Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语 to finish第十七页,讲稿共四十八页哦3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句,
10、谓语动词用原形祈使句,谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.第十八页,讲稿共四十八页哦第十九页,讲稿共四十八页哦宾语:宾语:动宾表示行为的对象,放在及物动宾表示行为的对象,放在及物动词或者介词之后。动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?第二十页,讲稿共四十八页哦Heisafraidofher-hisheadt
11、eacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介介词词后面的后面的宾语宾语:介介宾宾注意:人称代注意:人称代词词要用要用宾宾格格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she第二十一页,讲稿共四十八页哦Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间间接接宾语宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语宾语(sth):双双宾宾第二十二页,讲稿共四十八页哦IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语第二十三页,讲
12、稿共四十八页哦Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾语第二十四页,讲稿共四十八页哦5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclas
13、s.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.第二十五页,讲稿共四十八页哦表语:表语:表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当表语位于短语,或者从句充当表语位于系动词系动词后面后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believ
14、ing.第二十六页,讲稿共四十八页哦除了除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2)表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等等。第二十七页,讲稿共四十八页哦宾语补足语宾语补足语在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表意思
15、,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用样的作用 If you let me go,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.The boss keeps them working all day.第二十八页,讲稿共四十八页哦挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the
16、 reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?第二十九页,讲稿共四十八页哦状语状语状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词它表示状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词它表示行为发生的行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度时间,地点,
17、目的,方式,程度He did it carefully.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.第三十页,讲稿共四十八页哦定语定语定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词,代词,数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine.Whats your
18、name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.第三十一页,讲稿共四十八页哦第三十二页,讲稿共四十八页哦英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)第三十三页,讲稿共四十八页哦英英语语句句子子的的基基本本结结构构可可以以归归纳纳成
19、成五五种种基基本本句句型型及及其其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一:一:(主(主谓谓)二:二:(主系表)(主系表)三:三:(主(主谓谓宾宾)四:四:(主(主谓谓间宾间宾直直宾宾)五:五:(主(主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补)第三十四页,讲稿共四十八页哦.简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主
20、 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第三十五页,讲稿共四十八页哦Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第三十六页,讲稿共四十八页哦基本句型基本句型 一:一:(主谓)(主谓)主主语语:可可以以作作主主语语的的成成分分有有名名词词,主主格格代代词词,动动词词不不定式
21、,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓谓语语:谓谓语语由由动动词词构构成成,是是英英语语时时态态、语语态态变变化化的的主主角角,一一般般在在主主语语之之后后。不不及及物物动动词词(vi.vi.)没没有有宾宾语,形成主谓结构,语,形成主谓结构,如:如:We come.We come.第三十七页,讲稿共四十八页哦 (不及物动词)(不及物动词)1.Tom gets up.2.What happened?3.It does not matter.4.They talked.此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点,即句子的谓语,即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的
22、意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第三十八页,讲稿共四十八页哦基本句型基本句型 二:二:(主系表)(主系表)此此句句型型的的句句子子有有一一个个共共同同的的特特点点:句句子子谓谓语语动动词词都都不不能能表表达达一一个个完完整整的的意意思思,必必须须加加上上一一个个表表明明主主语语身身份份或或状状态态的的表表语语构构成成复复合合谓谓语语,才才能能表表达达完完整整的的意意思思。这这类类动词动词叫做叫做连连系系动词动词。第三十九页,讲稿共四十八页哦系系系系动动动动词词词词分分两两类类:
23、be,be,look,look,keep,keep,seemseem等等,表表情情况况;get,get,grow,become,turngrow,become,turn等属另一等属另一类类,表,表变变化。化。感官感官感官感官动词动词动词动词多可用作多可用作连连系系动词动词:look well/面色好面色好,sound nice/听起来不听起来不错错,feel good/感感觉觉好,好,smell bad/难闻难闻 第四十页,讲稿共四十八页哦(是系动词)(是系动词)(表语)(表语)1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The food smells
24、good.3.Everything looks different.4.He is tall and strong.5.His face turned red.第四十一页,讲稿共四十八页哦基本句型基本句型 三:三:(主谓宾)(主谓宾)此此句句型型句句子子的的共共同同特特点点是是:谓谓语语动动词词都都具具有有实实义义,都都是是主主语语产产生生的的动动作作,但但不不能能表表达达完完整整的的意意思思,必必须须跟跟有有一一个个宾宾语语,即即动动作作的的承承受受者者,才才能能使使意意思思完完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第四十二页,讲稿共四十八页哦(及物动词)(及物动词)(宾语)(
25、宾语)1.Who knows the answer?2.I saw a film yesterday.3.He enjoys reading.4.He said Good morning.5.He knows what he should do.第四十三页,讲稿共四十八页哦基本句型基本句型 四:四:(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)有有 些些 及及 物物 动动 词词 可可 以以 有有 两两 个个 宾宾 语语,egeg:givegive/buybuy/bringbring/showshow。这这两两个个宾宾语语通通常常一一个个指指人人(间接宾语间接宾语);一个指物;一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。-
26、Give me a cup of tea please.-Give me a cup of tea please.-Show this house to Mr.Smith.-Bring it to me,please.第四十四页,讲稿共四十八页哦(及物)(及物)(多指人)(多指人)(多指物)(多指物)1.She gave me a smile.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.I showed him my pictures.1.4.I told him that the bus was late.2.5.He showed me how to run the m
27、achine.第四十五页,讲稿共四十八页哦基本句型基本句型 五:五:(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)此此句句型型的的句句子子的的共共同同特特点点是是:动动词词虽虽然然是是及及物物动动词词,但但是是只只跟跟一一个个宾宾语语还还不不能能表表达达完完整整的的意意思思,必必须须加加上上一个一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于:位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。第四十六页,讲稿共四十八页哦(及物)(及物)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)1.They painted the door green.2.This let them think.3.They found the house empty.4.He asked me to come back soon.5.I saw them getting on the bus.第四十七页,讲稿共四十八页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第四十八页,讲稿共四十八页哦
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