玉米各个生育时期地道英文表达方式精选PPT.ppt

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1、关于玉米各个生育时期地道英文表达方式第1页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyHow a Corn Plant Develops,Special Report No.48How a Corn Plant Develops,Special Report No.48Iowa State University PressIowa State University Press$2.00$2.00n nExtension Distribu

2、tion CenterExtension Distribution Center119 Printing and Publications Building119 Printing and Publications BuildingIowa State UniversityIowa State UniversityAmes,Iowa 50011-3171 Ames,Iowa 50011-3171 n nTelephone:(515)294-5247Telephone:(515)294-5247Fax:(515)294-2945Fax:(515)294-2945n nhttp:/www.exte

3、nsion.iastate.edu/pubs/Order.htmlhttp:/www.extension.iastate.edu/pubs/Order.htmlThe material in this presentation comes from Iowa State Special Report No.48.This is an excellent resource for any producer or agronomist.All growth stages presented here are based on第2页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extensio

4、n,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of Kentuckyhttp:/maize.agron.iastate.edu/corngrows.html#stages第3页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyVegetative StagesVegetative StagesReproductive StagesReproductive StagesVE e

5、mergenceVE emergenceR1 silkingR1 silkingV1 first leafV1 first leafR2 blisterR2 blisterV2 second leafV2 second leafR3 milkR3 milkV3 third leafV3 third leafR4 doughR4 doughV(n)nth leafV(n)nth leafR5 dentR5 dentVT tasselingVT tasselingR6 physiological maturityR6 physiological maturity*When staging a fi

6、eld of corn,each specific V or R stage*When staging a field of corn,each specific V or R stage is defined only when 50 percent or more of the plants in is defined only when 50 percent or more of the plants in the field are in or beyond that stage.the field are in or beyond that stage.http:/maize.agr

7、on.iastate.edu/corngrows.html第4页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of Kentucky第5页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyVEHow a Corn Plant Develops,Special Report No.48,Iowa State U

8、niversity,1998Development of Nodal Roots第6页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV3第7页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV3Root hairs begin to form on Nodal Roots.Semina

9、l Root growth has basically stopped.Growing point is below the soil surface.Frosts on the surface will not kill the plants.Freezing soil temps will kill the plant.Flooding can kill plants.第8页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,University of Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyKentuckyV6Tasse

10、l development has started.Ear shoot formation has also started.第9页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyTo be certain about V-stages beyond V6:Split the entire stalk(from the tip to the roots)in half with a knife.The first five nodes wi

11、ll be clustered near the bottom of the stalk and the 6th node will be very close to the soil line.Count nodes above the 6th node to determine how many nodes are present.The total number of nodes equals the V-stage of the plant.For example 7 nodes=V7 corn.V6:Typically when lower leaves begin to tear

12、off of stalk.Typically when lower leaves begin to tear off of stalk.第10页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV6Nodal Root System is the primary root system for nutrients and water.Growing point is above the ground.Ear shoot.第11页，讲稿共32张

13、，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV6Premature Tassel第12页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV9第13页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of Ken

14、tuckyUniversity of KentuckyV9Growth rate rapidly increases.Greater demand for nutrients and water.Ear shoot.Ear shoot.Ear shoot.Growing point.第14页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,University of Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyKentuckyV12Both kernel size and kernel number are being dete

15、rmined.Both kernel size and kernel number are being determined.Any limits on water or nutrients at this phase will drastically Any limits on water or nutrients at this phase will drastically impact yields.impact yields.Earlier maturing hybrids will pass through this phase faster than Earlier maturin

16、g hybrids will pass through this phase faster than later maturing hybrids.later maturing hybrids.第15页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV15About 10-12 days from silking.Entering the most critical stage for yield determination.The pla

17、nt is most sensitive to water and/or nutrient stress at this stage.Irrigation-the 4 weeks around silking are the most critical.第16页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV15Ear shoots near the top of the plant are starting to out-grow ea

18、r shoots lower on the plant.Lower part of plantUpper part of plant第17页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV18第18页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV18Lower part of pl

19、antUpper part of plant第19页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyV18Lower part of plantUpper part of plant第20页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyVT-TassleOccurs when last

20、 branch of tassel is visible but before silks emerge.Most susceptible to hail damage at this stage.Complete leaf loss at VT will result in little to no yield.第21页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyVT第22页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Exte

21、nsion,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyPollen shed第23页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR1-SilkingSilks starting to emerge.N uptake is rapid.N uptake is rapid.P uptake is rapid.P uptake is rapid.K up

22、take is nearly complete.K uptake is nearly complete.Watch for corn borer feeding.Watch for corn borer feeding.Moisture is needed for pollination.Moisture is needed for pollination.第24页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR1-SilkingCob

23、materialPremature kernelTwo to three days are required for all silks on an ear to be pollinated.第25页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR2-BlisterAn miniature corn plant has started to develop within the premature kernel.Ear size is n

24、early complete.Fertilized silks are starting to dry out.第26页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR3-MilkKernels are becoming yellow on the outside.Kernels are becoming yellow on the outside.Silks are dry.Silks are dry.Kernels are at 80

25、%moisture.Kernels are at 80%moisture.Stress becomes less of a factor as kernels start to dry down.Stress becomes less of a factor as kernels start to dry down.第27页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR4-DoughFluid in the kernel is beco

26、ming a consistency similar to dough.(70%moisture)Fluid in the kernel is becoming a consistency similar to dough.(70%moisture)Almost of the dry weight has been accumulated.Almost of the dry weight has been accumulated.Five embryonic leaves have formed in the kernel.Five embryonic leaves have formed i

27、n the kernel.These will be the first five leaves of a new plant as it emerges next year.These will be the first five leaves of a new plant as it emerges next year.第28页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR5-DentMost of the kernels have

28、 dented on the top.Most of the kernels have dented on the top.Most kernels are about 55%moisture at the start of R5.Most kernels are about 55%moisture at the start of R5.A starch layer has formed and begins to progress down the kernel.A starch layer has formed and begins to progress down the kernel.

29、A frost will stop dry matter accumulation and reduce yields.A frost will stop dry matter accumulation and reduce yields.第29页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR6 Physiological MaturityBlacklayer第30页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二Grain Crops Extension

30、,Grain Crops Extension,University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyR6 Physiological MaturityKernel is about 30 35%moisture.Kernel is about 30 35%moisture.Kernels need to be at 13 to 15%Kernels need to be at 13 to 15%moisture for safe storage.moisture for safe storage.第31页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第32页，讲稿共32张，创作于星期二