心瓣膜病合并房颤及心衰的处理原则精选PPT.ppt
《心瓣膜病合并房颤及心衰的处理原则精选PPT.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《心瓣膜病合并房颤及心衰的处理原则精选PPT.ppt(72页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、关于心瓣膜病合并房颤及心衰的处理原则第1页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日随着人口的老龄化,老年退行性钙化性瓣膜病逐渐占有重要的地位,是目前老年人的特殊疾病。已经成为老年人心力衰竭、心律失常、晕厥、猝死的原因之一。对冠心病具有重要预测价值第2页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日第3页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日第4页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日国外报道的发病率明显高于国内。Pomerance 等 尸检162 例死于心衰的患者,分析其原因后发现钙化性瓣膜病变占45%,仅次于冠心病。Wong 等 在78 例65102 岁的患者中 发现瓣膜退行性改变占74%。90100 岁年龄组几近100%Springer.
2、Verlag,1982:6367.J AM Geriatir soc,1983,3l:156.国内外报道十分不一致,主要原因有种族差异、也存在方法学的问题第5页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日第6页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日The incidence and etiological classification of valvular diseases were examined on 358 cases from 3,000 consecutive autopsies of more than 60 years of age.The incidence of valvular disease
3、was 11.9%(358 out of 3,000 cases)Jpn Circ J.1982 Apr;46(4):337-45 第7页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日Mitral stenosis was found in 23 cases(6.4%),of which 21 cases were rheumatic and the remaining 2 were mitral ring calcification(MRC).Mitral regurgitation was observed in 126 cases(35.3%):69 of papillary muscle dysfunc
4、tion,26 of mitral valve prolapse(MVP),16 of MRC,9 of ruptured chordae tendineae,3 of rheumatic and 3 of congenital.Jpn Circ J.1982 Apr;46(4):337-45 第8页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日Aortic stenosis was noted in 33 cases(9.2%):27 of calcified,5 of rheumatic and one of congenital.Aortic regurgitation was found in 169
5、cases(47.2%):112 of degenerative,47 of syphilitic,7 of rheumatic and 2 of aortitis syndrome.There were 6 cases(1.7%)of tricuspid regurgitation.Jpn Circ J.1982 Apr;46(4):337-45 第9页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日Etiological classification revealed 6 cases(1.7%)of congenital,36(10%)of rheumatic,49(13.7%)of syphilitic,2
6、7(7.5%)of MVP,69(19.3%)of ischemic and 166(46.4%)of degenerative valvular disease.Jpn Circ J.1982 Apr;46(4):337-45 第10页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日A total of 458 cases(11.5%)with valvular heart diseases in the aged(greater than or equal to 60 years)were found among 4,000 consecutive autopsies.They included 204 ca
7、ses(45%)of aortic regurgitation(AR),171 cases(37%)of mitral regurgitation(MR),followed by 45(10%)of aortic stenosis(AS)and 27 cases(6%)of mitral stenosis(MS).J Cardiol Suppl.1988;19:29-38.第11页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日an etiology of the valvular diseases,degenerative type was found in 195 cases(43%),ischemic or
8、igin in 91 cases(20%),followed by inflammatory origin such as syphilitic in 51 and infective endocarditis in three,aortitis in two and rheumatic in 49(11%).Congenital origin was also found in 18 cases(4%).J Cardiol Suppl.1988;19:29-38.第12页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日第13页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日第14页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日仍关注对老年人风心病仍
9、关注对老年人风心病第15页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日。山西医科大学第一临床医学院心内科从1979-011998-12 共收治风心病1 227 例,其中老年风心病215 例,对其逐年发病情况及95 例资料齐全者临床特点作一回顾分析第16页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日老年风心病215 例,所占比例为17.5%。逐年住院比例由1979 年的9%逐渐增长为1998 年的42.5%。又从215 例老年风心病患者中取资料齐全者95 例,其中男49 例,女46 例,年龄6080 岁,平均年龄64 岁,平均病程16.8 年。第17页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日老年退行性心脏瓣膜病老年退行性心脏瓣膜病又称老年
10、钙化性心脏瓣膜病(SCHVD),是一种与年龄相关的瓣膜退行性变。随着增龄,心血管系统逐渐老化,处于血流不断冲击的瓣膜及其支架易发生退行性变、纤维化和钙化,造成主动脉瓣和(或)二尖瓣关闭不全及狭窄,若病变的心肌扩张和钙化、纤维化涉及传导系统可 以并发各种心律失常第18页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日A Novel Role of the Sympatho-Adrenergic System in Regulating Valve CalcificationRecent evidence has indicated that the sympathetic nervous system plays
11、an important role inregulating bone deposition and resorption the beta 2-adrenergic receptors(2-AR).In order to test the effect 2-AR on changing the human valve lCs towards osteogenic phenotype cells were treated with the selectlve2-AR agonist,salmeterol,in the presence and absence of osteogenic med
12、ia for 21 days.Supplement circulation vol 114,no 18 october 31,2006第19页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日Salmeteroltereatment in the presence of osteogenic media significantly reduced the ALP activity from 10.22.9nmol/min/mg proteiy in the osteogenic treated cellc,to 4.71.9nmol/min/mg protein(p75 years),the management
13、of atrial fibrillation varies;it requires an individual approach,which largely depends on comorbid conditions,underlying cardiac disease,and patient and physician preferences.Drugs Aging.2002;19(11):819-46 第29页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日Another serious challenge in the management of chronic atrial fibrillation i
14、n older individuals is the prevention of stroke,its primary outcome,by choosing an appropriate antithrombotic treatment(aspirin or warfarin).Several risk-stratification schemes have been validated and may be helpful to determine the best antithrombotic choice in individual patients Drugs Aging.2002;
15、19(11):819-46 第30页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日关于抗血栓治疗(瓣膜病)antithrombotic therapy in native and prosthetic valvular heart disease is part of the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy:Evidence Based Guidelines.Grade 1 recommendations are strong and indicate that the benefits do,or do no
16、t,outweigh risks,burden,and costs.Grade 2 suggests that individual patients values may lead to different choices(for a full understanding of the grading see Guyatt et al,CHEST 2004;126:179S-187S).第31页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日Among the key recommendations in this chapter are the following:For patients with rheu
17、matic mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation(AF),or a history of previous systemic embolism,we recommend long-term oral anticoagulant(OAC)therapy(target international normalized ratio INR,2.5;range,2.0 to 3.0)Grade 1C+.For patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease with AF or a history of sy
18、stemic embolism who suffer systemic embolism while receiving OACs at a therapeutic INR,we recommend adding aspirin,75 to 100 mg/d(Grade 1C).For those patients unable to take aspirin,we recommend adding dipyridamole,400 mg/d,or clopidogrel(Grade 1C).CHEST 2004;126:179S-187S).第32页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日In peop
19、le with mitral valve prolapse(MVP)without history of systemic embolism,unexplained transient ischemic attacks(TIAs),or AF,we recommended against any antithrombotic therapy(Grade 1C).In patients with MVP and documented but unexplained TIAs,we recommend long-term aspirin therapy,50 to 162 mg/d(Grade 1
20、A).CHEST 2004;126:179S-187S第33页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日(房颤)This chapter about antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation(AF)is part of the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy:Evidence Based Guidelines.Grade 1 recommendations are strong and indicate that the benefits do,or do
21、not,outweigh risks,burden,and costs.Grade 2 suggests that individual patients values may lead to different choices(for a full understanding of the grading see Guyatt et al,CHEST 2004;126:179S-187S).第34页,讲稿共72张,创作于星期日Among the key recommendations in this chapter are the following(all vitamin K antago
22、nist VKA recommendations have a target international normalized ratio INR of 2.5;range,2.0 to 3.0):In patients with persistent or paroxysmal AF(PAF)intermittent AF at high risk of stroke(ie,having any of the following features:prior ischemic stroke,transient ischemic attack,or systemic embolism,age
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 瓣膜 合并 房颤 心衰 处理 原则 精选 PPT
限制150内