英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型.pptx

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1、主语(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充当1.Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.2.He works very hard at school3.To go to a good university is his first goal.4.Doing morning exercise is good for your health._名词代词不定式V-ing第1页/共30页谓语(Predicate)是回答主语做什么,怎么了，位于主语后1.We love China.2.We have finished reading th

2、is book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired._1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词加动词相应形式构成。（2）由系动词加表语构成。_第2页/共30页英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语1.We often help him.2.He likes to play basketball.3.We enjoy listening to the music.4.She said that he felt sick.5.They are talking about the new student._代词名词V-ing从句

3、注意:位于介词之后的成分也被称之为宾语._宾语宾语(object)(object)是动作的对象是动作的对象,目标目标 ;位于及物动词后位于及物动词后.第3页/共30页宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语1.They elected John monitor.2.We call him Iron Ox.3.The doctor told me to do more exercise.4.They made her happy.5.He is going to have hair cut.6.They saw a bird flying in the sky._ _哪些动

4、词后需接复合宾语的？ask/tell/teach/help/order sb to do let/make/have sb do第4页/共30页常见的连系动词be动词感官动词：feel(摸上去),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),look(看起来),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得)等。持续系动词:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持)等变化系动词:become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变得)，get(变得)等。终止系动词:prove(证明是)表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表结构，说明主语的状态,性质等.

5、第5页/共30页1.I am a teacher.2.They are on the playground.3.My job is teaching English.4.It gets cold.5.It sounds interesting._第6页/共30页定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当1.The black bike is mine.2.She is a chemistry teacher.3.The man in blue is my brother.4.The girl playing the piano is my younger si

6、ster.5.The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher._形容词介词短语V-ing从句名词_第7页/共30页定语说明名词特点,性质;状语则说明 动词何如何.1.We often help him.2.I really dont like the food.3.He did his homework carefully at home.4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.5.When I grow up,I am going to be a doctor._频率副词

7、程度副词方式副词介词短语_不定式介词短语从句第8页/共30页第9页/共30页基本句型1：主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He

8、 came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.第10页/共30页1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5每天八时开始上课。6这个盒子重五公斤。She went home very late yesterday.The meeting will last two hours.Great changes have taken place in

9、my home town in the past ten years.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.Classes begin at eight every day.This box weighs five kilos.第11页/共30页7五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。My grandfather gets up early in the morning.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the

10、 library to borrow books.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.I lived in Beijing five years ago.第12页/共30页基本句型2：主谓宾结构 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English tw

11、o years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.第13页/共30页巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan su

12、ccessfully.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.第14页/共30页6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.Do you

13、 mind my opening the window?第15页/共30页巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长。2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.基本句型:3：主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动

14、词+表语构成。第16页/共30页5他失业了。6树叶已经变黄了。7这个报告听起来很有意思。He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting第17页/共30页基本句型4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a b

15、eautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for 的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。第18页/共30页巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请

16、把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。第19页/共30页1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?6.The new machine wi

17、ll save you a lot of labour.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.第20页/共30页英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They

18、 made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第21页/共30页巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We

19、 call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut every month.We wont let her go out at night.第22页/共30页9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看

20、见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The terrible sound made the children frightened.She is listening to someone telling stories.I have never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I consider it possible to work out the problemin another

21、way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.第23页/共30页（一）分析下列句子成分：1.He broke a piece of glass.主语 及物动词 宾语 2.All of us considered him honest.主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 3.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 4.Trees turn green when spring comes.主语 系动词 表语第28页/共30页5.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.形式主语 系动词 表语+真正的主语6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.主语 动词 形式宾语 it 宾语补足语+真正的宾语第29页/共30页感谢您的观看！第30页/共30页