(7.2.1)--20Chapter6SelectionBreedingSecti.ppt

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1、 Section 2 Process of Selection BreedingCrop Breeding Chapter 6 Selection Breeding Selective breeding refers Selective breeding refers to a to a series of series of processes that processes that selecting a certain number of good individuals from the selecting a certain number of good individuals fr

2、om the existing variety groups according to the breeding objectivesexisting variety groups according to the breeding objectives,and then planting according to the descendant lineage of and then planting according to the descendant lineage of each individual,and then selecting and optimizing through

3、each individual,and then selecting and optimizing through multiple trials to eliminate the disadvantages,thereby multiple trials to eliminate the disadvantages,thereby cultivating new varieties.cultivating new varieties.1.Overview of selection breeding proceduresGeneral procedures for selection Gene

4、ral procedures for selection breedingbreeding1 1)Select good mutant individuals Select good mutant individuals2 2)R Row-to-row comparison testow-to-row comparison test3 3)Lines comparison test Lines comparison test4 4)Regional test and production test Regional test and production test5 5)Variety app

5、roval and promotion Variety approval and promotion1.Overview of selection breeding proceduresAccording to different selection methods According to different selection methods used in selection breeding,there are used in selection breeding,there are different methods different methods pure line selec

6、tion breedingpure line selection breeding mixed selection breeding mixed selection breeding bulk mixed selection breedingbulk mixed selection breeding improved mixed selection breeding.improved mixed selection breeding.1.Overview of selection breeding procedures(1)The(1)The concept of pure line conc

7、ept of pure line breedingbreeding Pure line breeding,also called pedigree breeding,is Pure line breeding,also called pedigree breeding,is a series of processes from individual selection,plant a series of processes from individual selection,plant test and line comparison test to test and line compari

8、son test to breed breed new varieties.new varieties.2.Pure line breeding procedures(2)(2)The main work steps of pure line breeding include:The main work steps of pure line breeding include:1 1)Select good mutant individuals(single plant,single ear,)Select good mutant individuals(single plant,single

9、ear,single boll,tuber,tuber,etc.).single boll,tuber,tuber,etc.).That That is,select mutant individuals from the field that meet is,select mutant individuals from the field that meet the breeding objectives,and after the indoor re-selection,the breeding objectives,and after the indoor re-selection,el

10、iminate the bad individuals,retain the good individuals,eliminate the bad individuals,retain the good individuals,and thresh the individual plants for preservation.and thresh the individual plants for preservation.2.Pure line breeding procedures(2)(2)The The main work steps of pure line breeding inc

11、lude:main work steps of pure line breeding include:2 2)Comparative test of lines)Comparative test of lines The The seeds of the excellent single plants selected in the previous season are seeds of the excellent single plants selected in the previous season are planted into rows or lines to constitut

12、e pure lines or systems,respectively,and a planted into rows or lines to constitute pure lines or systems,respectively,and a control variety is set at a certain number of rows for comparison.control variety is set at a certain number of rows for comparison.Through field and indoor identification,sel

13、ect excellent lines from them Through field and indoor identification,select excellent lines from them.When.When the target traits appear neat and consistent among the plants in linesthe target traits appear neat and consistent among the plants in lines,they,they can can be used as lines to particip

14、ate in the next be used as lines to participate in the next seasons seasons comparative testscomparative tests;If;If there is there is still separation among the plants in the line,individual selection can still separation among the plants in the line,individual selection can be be performed perform

15、ed again according to the situation.again according to the situation.2.Pure line breeding procedures(2)(2)The The main work steps of pure line breeding include:main work steps of pure line breeding include:3 3)Comparative tests of lines)Comparative tests of lines The selected strains were planted in

16、to plots last season,The selected strains were planted into plots last season,and and repeated settings repeated settings were set to make accurate comparisons with control varieties.were set to make accurate comparisons with control varieties.The The comparison test of strains is generally carried

17、out for two consecutive years,comparison test of strains is generally carried out for two consecutive years,and based on field observations and laboratory examinations,1 or 2 liens are and based on field observations and laboratory examinations,1 or 2 liens are selected that are superior to the cont

18、rol varieties for regional trials in the next selected that are superior to the control varieties for regional trials in the next quarter.quarter.2.Pure line breeding procedures(2)(2)The The main work steps of pure line breeding include:main work steps of pure line breeding include:4 4)Regional test

19、 and production test)Regional test and production test Regional tests were conducted in different natural Regional tests were conducted in different natural areas to determine the adaptability and stability of new areas to determine the adaptability and stability of new varieties.varieties.And And a

20、 large-scale production test is carried out to a large-scale production test is carried out to determine its suitable area for promotion.determine its suitable area for promotion.2.Pure line breeding procedures(2)(2)The The main work steps of pure line breeding include:main work steps of pure line b

21、reeding include:5 5)Variety approval and promotion)Variety approval and promotion After the above procedures,the new varieties with After the above procedures,the new varieties with excellent overall performance may be submitted to the excellent overall performance may be submitted to the variety re

22、view committee for review.After passing the variety review committee for review.After passing the review and approval,the new varieties will be promoted review and approval,the new varieties will be promoted by name.by name.2.Pure line breeding proceduresThe main work steps of The main work steps of

23、 pure line breeding include:pure line breeding include:1 1.Select good mutant individuals.Select good mutant individuals2.row-to-row comparison test2.row-to-row comparison test3.Lines comparison test3.Lines comparison test4.Regional test and production test4.Regional test and production test5.Variet

24、y approval and promotion5.Variety approval and promotion2.Pure line breeding procedures(1)The(1)The concept of concept of mixed mixed selection selection breedingbreeding Mixed selection breeding uses a mixed selection method.It Mixed selection breeding uses a mixed selection method.It selects a bat

25、ch of individuals from the original breed group selects a batch of individuals from the original breed group according to the uniform requirements of breeding objectives,according to the uniform requirements of breeding objectives,mixes threshingmixes threshing,and,and the obtained seeds are planted

26、 in pairs with the obtained seeds are planted in pairs with the seeds of the original breed in the next season for comparison the seeds of the original breed in the next season for comparison and identificationand identification.If.If it is superior,it can replace the original it is superior,it can

27、replace the original variety and breed and promote it as an improved variety.variety and breed and promote it as an improved variety.3.The mixed selection breeding program2023/3/3012(2)(2)The The main work steps of mixed selection breeding main work steps of mixed selection breeding 1 1)Mixed select

28、ion from the original breed populations)Mixed selection from the original breed populations According to the trait improvement standards,a According to the trait improvement standards,a batch of individuals with the same traits were selected batch of individuals with the same traits were selected in

29、 the field,and some of the unqualified ones were in the field,and some of the unqualified ones were eliminated in the laboratory.Then,the selected plants eliminated in the laboratory.Then,the selected plants were threshed for comparison test.were threshed for comparison test.2023/3/30133.The mixed s

30、election breeding program(2)(2)The The main work steps of mixed selection breeding includemain work steps of mixed selection breeding include 2 2)Comparative test)Comparative test The seeds selected in the previous season and the seeds of The seeds selected in the previous season and the seeds of th

31、e original variety were respectively planted in adjacent the original variety were respectively planted in adjacent experimental plots.Through comparative experiments,it was experimental plots.Through comparative experiments,it was proved that they were superior to the original varieties,proved that

32、 they were superior to the original varieties,and the harvested and threshed seeds were provided for and the harvested and threshed seeds were provided for propagation.propagation.2023/3/30143.The mixed selection breeding program(2)(2)The The main work steps of mixed selection breeding includemain w

33、ork steps of mixed selection breeding include 3 3)Production and)Production and promotionpromotion Populations improved by mixed selection Populations improved by mixed selection are propagated for large-scale promotion.are propagated for large-scale promotion.First of all,it is suitable for the reg

34、ional scope First of all,it is suitable for the regional scope of the original variety promotion.of the original variety promotion.2023/3/30153.The mixed selection breeding programThe main work steps of The main work steps of mixed selection breeding mixed selection breeding includeinclude：(1)Mixed

35、selection from the(1)Mixed selection from the original breed populationsoriginal breed populations(2)Comparative test(2)Comparative test(3)Production and extension(3)Production and extension3.The mixed selection breeding programBulk mixed selection breeding is a workaround for the Bulk mixed selecti

36、on breeding is a workaround for the aforementioned one-way mixed selection breeding,also known aforementioned one-way mixed selection breeding,also known as classified mixed selection breedingas classified mixed selection breeding.That.That is,when there are is,when there are several different types

37、 in the original variety population that several different types in the original variety population that basically meet the breeding requirements and have advantages basically meet the breeding requirements and have advantages respectively,they are mixed and threshed according to the type,respective

38、ly,they are mixed and threshed according to the type,that is,they are formed into populations,and then a that is,they are formed into populations,and then a comparison test is performed between each population and comparison test is performed between each population and with the original variety,the

39、 best population was selected for with the original variety,the best population was selected for breedingand promoted as a new variety.breedingand promoted as a new variety.4.The bulk mixed selection breeding program2023/3/3017When the groups mixed selection breeding method is applied to cross-When

40、the groups mixed selection breeding method is applied to cross-pollination crops,while each group is comparing with the original variety,pollination crops,while each group is comparing with the original variety,each group should keep separate seeds and freely pollinate within the each group should k

41、eep separate seeds and freely pollinate within the group to avoid cross-talk between groups.The group used the isolated group to avoid cross-talk between groups.The group used the isolated seeds to propagate.seeds to propagate.Improved mixed selection breedingImproved mixed selection breedingis to e

42、liminate the inferior system through individual selection and is to eliminate the inferior system through individual selection and line identification,and then thresh the selected lines,and then line identification,and then thresh the selected lines,and then compare with the original variety.If the

43、performance is indeed compare with the original variety.If the performance is indeed superior,it is propagated and promoted.superior,it is propagated and promoted.In short,improved mixed selection breeding is mixed selection In short,improved mixed selection breeding is mixed selection breeding through individual selection and identification of breeding through individual selection and identification of progeny.progeny.5.Improved hybrid selection breeding procedures2023/3/30195.Improved hybrid selection breeding procedures2023/3/3020