高中英语句子成分分析课件.ppt

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1、关于高中英语句子成分分析第1页，此课件共29页哦1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语第2页，此课件共29页哦句子成分英文名说明常用词类例句主语subject句子主体（人或事物）名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等I am a student.谓语predicate主语的动作或状态动词You read the book.表语predicative放在连系动词后表示主语表示主语的身份或特征或状态。的身份或特征或状态。名词、代词、形容词,动名词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等She

2、is a teacher.第3页，此课件共29页哦宾语object动作的对象，承受者动作的对象，承受者及物动词后名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等Mike did the job.定语attribute限定或修饰名词、代词等形容词,动名词,分词不定式,介词短语,从句等The black dog barks.状语adverbial 修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子，表示说明时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，方向，程度，方式，伴随状况等副词,形容词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等Run quickly.第4页，此课件共29页哦句子成分英文名说明常用词类例句宾/主语补足语complement对宾、主语

3、进行宾、主语进行补充说明补充说明，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。名词、形容词,分词,不定式介词短语等I find the book very boring.He was made monitor.同位语appositive对前面的名词或对前面的名词或代词做进一步解代词做进一步解释释。名词、数词、代词或从句This is Mr.Li,our headmaster.The news that he is ill worries us.独立成分Independent elements与全句没有什么语法关系，有感叹词、肯定与否定的答语、插入语、呼语等感叹词副词短语Oh,hello,I think,to te

4、ll you the truth,Mr.Li,Your Majesty,Mum.Yes,no第5页，此课件共29页哦主语主语subjectJane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.第6页，此课件共29页哦谓语predicate简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动

5、词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.第7页，此课件共29页哦表语表语 predicative在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,get,grow,keep,turn,become,come,go,etc

6、.系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.第8页，此课件共29页哦1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.Who was the first?6.He is out of condition.7.The book is what I need.第9页，此课件共29页哦宾语宾语object宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间间接宾语指人接宾语指人.H

7、e gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语第10页，此课件共29页哦.please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.第11页，此课件共29页哦温馨提示：间接宾语在下列情况下可以改为一个由to或for引起的短语1.当直接宾语是一个人称代词时：Give it to me.Cf.give me the book.Ill order it for y

8、ou.Cf.I ordered us three dishes.2.需要对间接宾语加以强调时：Ive bought this book for you,not for myself.第12页，此课件共29页哦宾语补足语宾语补足语object complementI found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the do

9、g out.We must keep it a secret.第13页，此课件共29页哦主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补宾语补足语变成主补.I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.The student was caught cheating in the exam.We made him monitor.He was made monitor.

10、He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.第14页，此课件共29页哦定语定语attributeHe is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my w

11、ay home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)第15页，此课件共29页哦The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.第16页，此课件共29页哦状语状语advebi

12、al用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或句介词短语或句子子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.第17页，此课件共29页哦I waited to see you.He often went to school

13、by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第18页，此课件共29页哦句子的构成句子的构成第19页，此课件共29页哦基本句型基本句型主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+（其他成分）（其他成分）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（主谓

14、宾）宾语（主谓宾）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补第20页，此课件共29页哦基本句型基本句型 一：一：（主谓）（主谓）此句型特点是：主语：一般在句首。（注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！）谓语：由动词构成，（是英语时态、语态变化的主角）不及物动词：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）1.Thesunwasshining.太阳在照耀着。2.Themoonrose.月亮升起了。3.Theuniverseremains.宇宙长存。4.Weallbreathe,

15、eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Whocares?管它呢？6.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。8.Thepenwritessmoothly这支笔书写流利。第21页，此课件共29页哦基本句型基本句型 二：二：（主系表）（主系表）此句型特点是：句子谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语。系动词分两类：be,look,keep,seem表示情况；get,grow,become,turn表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作

16、用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好，smellbad/难闻（是系动词）1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.这是本英汉辞典。2.Thedinnersmellsgood.午餐的气味很好。3.Hefellinlove.他堕入了情网。4.Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看来都不同了。5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他长得又高又壮6.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.麻烦的是他们缺少

17、钱。7.Ourwellhasgonedry.我们井干枯了。8.Hisfaceturnedred.他的脸红了。Therebe结构：There be 表示表示存在有存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物试比较：Thereisaboythere.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。第22页，此课件共29页哦基本句型基本句型 三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型特点是：谓语动词有实义，主语产生动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语的代词必

18、须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them等（及物动词）1.Whoknowstheanswer?谁知道答案？2.Shesmiledherthanks.她微笑表示感谢。3.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.他拒绝帮他们。4.Heenjoysreading.他喜欢看书。5.Theyatewhatwasleftover.他们吃了剩饭。6.HesaidGoodmorning.他说：早上好！7.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。8.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.他承认犯了错误。第23页，此课件共29页哦基本句型基本句型 四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间

19、宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：Givemeacupoftea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+代词直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：Bringittome,please.（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.Shecoo

20、kedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。4.Hedenieshernothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.Ishowedhimmypictures.我给他看我的照片6.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。第24页，此课件共29页哦基本句型基本句型 五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只

21、跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格+名词名词Thewarmadehimasoldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格+形容词形容词Newmethodsmakethejobeasy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格+介词短语Ioftenfindhimat work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格+动词不定式Theteacheraskthestudentsto close the windows./老师让学生们关

22、上窗户.名词/代词宾格+分词Isawacatrunning across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.Theyappointedhimmanager.他们任命他当经理。2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.他们把门漆成绿色3.Thissetthemthinking.这使得他们要细想一想。4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?他怎么会这样想？7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.他要我早点回来。8.Isawthemgettingontheb

23、us.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。第25页，此课件共29页哦简单句的五种形式S+VAlbert Einsteins name never dies.The book sells well.S+V+ORaga likes sports,gardening and playing the drums.S+PI am astonished.S+V+o+OCan you tell me the way to the station?S+V+O+CWe call him a walking dictionary.第26页，此课件共29页哦Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构You are a s

24、tudent.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework,he went away.He likes pop music.第27页，此课件共29页哦I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.第28页，此课件共29页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第29页，此课件共29页哦