状语从句详细讲解与练习.pptx

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1、语法框架图语法框架图按按使使用用目目的的分分1.1.陈述句陈述句2.2.疑问句疑问句3.3.祈使句祈使句4.4.感叹句感叹句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法说明一个事实或陈述一种看法说明一个事实或陈述一种看法说明一个事实或陈述一种看法:提出问题提出问题提出问题提出问题:提出请求提出请求,建议或发出命令，省略建议或发出命令，省略主语主语youyouyouyou的句子的句子:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪等情绪等情绪等情绪第1页/共97页语法框架图语法框架图、按按其其结结构构可可以以分分:1.1.简单句简单句2.2.并列句

2、并列句 3.3.复合句复合句1.主语主语+谓语谓语2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语3.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语4.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语5.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语1,定语从句定语从句2.名词性从句名词性从句3.状语从句状语从句1.表语从句表语从句2.主语从句主语从句3.宾语从句宾语从句4.同位语从句同位语从句条件条件,结果结果,方式方式,让步让步,时间时间,比较比较.第2页/共97页在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句第3页/共97页状语从句1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.

3、原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.让步状语从句6.目的状语从句7.结果状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句第4页/共97页 1.状语定义状语定义:合句中由合句中由从句从句担任状语，称作状担任状语，称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语、定语或状语，或语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语、定语或状语，或是整个句子是整个句子2.当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从是状语从句。句。分类如下：分类如下：第5页/共97页时间时间地点地点条件条件让步让步原因原因目的目的结果结果比较比较方式方式状语从句第6页/共97页一一.时间状语从句时间状语从句1.注意时态一致注意时态一致.一般

4、情况下一般情况下:主句主句 是是将来时将来时的时候的时候,从句从句 用用一般现在时一般现在时1.表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。生或几乎同时发生。第7页/共97页引导词可分为两部分 as while when whenever before after until(till)since as soon asevery timenext timethe first/timethe momentthe minute/instantlyimmediatelydirectly(一就)第8页/共97页 as引导的时间状语从句,可以表达“正当”，“

5、一 边一边”，“随着”等意思。1.表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生。As the sun rose,the fog disappeared.2.表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生。Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.3.表示两个动作同时发生表示两个动作同时发生。Helen sang a song as she washed.4.表示“随着.”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果。As she grew older,she became more beautiful.1.a

6、s,while,when的区别第9页/共97页while:持续性动词持续性动词 进行时进行时1.一般或现在情况一般或现在情况2.将来情况将来情况V一般现在时或现在进行时3.过去情况过去情况e.g.I like listening to music while I am doing my homework.e.g.Im going to the post office.-While you are there,can you get some stamps for me?e.g.I hurt my should while I was doing gym.第10页/共97页When:1.当当的时

7、候的时候When I was young,I went to town myself.When he receives the letter,hell tell us.第11页/共97页before引导的时间状语从句 1.常译为常译为“在在之前之前”，2.表示表示主句主句的动作发生在的动作发生在从句从句的动作的动作之前之前。1.We clean the classroom before we leave school every day.2.It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.after引导的时间状语从句1.常译为

8、常译为“在在之后之后”，2.表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。1.After you use plastic bags,you mustnt throw them about.用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。第12页/共97页The Amrican War lasted four years _ the North won in the end.A.After B.before C.when D.thenB第13页/共97页since引导的时间状语从句1.常译为常译为“自从自从”，2.主句常用主句常用现在完成时现在完成时，从句常用，从句常用一般过去时一般过去

9、时。1.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。We havent seen each other since we parted.常用句型：常用句型：It has been(is)+时间段时间段+since从句从句 “自从自从有多长时间了有多长时间了”2.自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。It has been(is)six years since she graduated from the university.第14页/共97页before,after,since1.He had left the town the day _ she arrived.2.It was not long _ he

10、left his hometown.3.I played football _ I(had)finished my homework4.Please tell her Ill come _ I do some shopping.5.It will not be long _ we meat each other again.6.It _ (be)two years since we _(begin)to use this machine.beforeafterbeforebeforeafteris/has beenbegan第15页/共97页until/till引导的时间状语从句1.常译为常译

11、为“直到直到时时”，2.表示主句动作发生在从句之前表示主句动作发生在从句之前。当主句谓语动词是延续性动词延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式肯定形式。1：我会待在这里，直到你回来。Ill Ill staystay here here untiluntil you come back you come back.当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词是非延续性动词时,主句常用否定形式否定形式。not until“直到才”，这时until 可用before替换。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.2.他直到做完作业才睡觉。第16页/共97页1._ h

12、e heard this,he got very angry.2.I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river.3._ a child,he lived in the countryside.A.when B.while C.as对比训练对比训练 1A AB BC C第17页/共97页1.We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2.She thought I was talking about her son,_,in fact,I was talking about my son.3.Hardly had I f

13、inished my composition _ the bell rang.A.when B.while C.as D.during对比训练对比训练 2 A AB BA A第18页/共97页as soon as引导的时间状语从句1.译为译为“一一就就”，2.表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。1.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.2.相当于相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有用法的词或短语还有：immediately,directly,insta

14、ntly,the moment,the minute,the instant等.2.Ill give him your message the minute he arrives.1.Directly I had done it,I knew I had made a mistake.第19页/共97页名词短语引导的时间状语从句 1.the moment,the minute,3.the instant,the time,5.the hour,the day,7.by the time,each time,9.every time,next time,any time等也可以引导时间状语从句也

15、可以引导时间状语从句。1.I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.2.By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended.3.By the time he comes,we will already have left.第20页/共97页1.When every time I was in trouble,hewouldcometohelpme.2.At next time you come,do rememberbringyoursonhere.3.Forthefir

16、sttimeImetthegirl.Ifeltinlovewithher.4.You are welcome to come back at anytimeyouwantto.5.At thelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.语法规则：every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词不加介词。考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句第21页/共97页其他连词引导的时间状语从句1.no sooner than,hardly/scarcely/barelywhen2.从句用从句用

17、一般过去时一般过去时，主句用，主句用过去完成时过去完成时。3.当当no sooner,hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首时，位于句首时，主句要用主句要用部分倒装部分倒装。1.I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.2.No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。第22页/共97页1.It cost me 20 yuan to get to the Quanzhou Museum yesterday.Well,it was a waste o

18、f money to take a taxi _ you could have gone by bus as well.(11泉州市质检）A.when B.while C.unless D.because2.You never really know whether you could handle failure _ you come face to face with it.(11厦门市质检）A.until B.after C.when D.while第23页/共97页3Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch b

19、reak she got to her office（10四川）Asince Bthat Cwhen Duntil4.John thinks it wont be long he is ready。for his new job.（10陕西）A.when B.after C.before D.sinceA 5.How can you expect to learn anything you never listen？(06山东31)A.in case B.even ifC.unless D.when第24页/共97页1.I was so familiar with him that I rec

20、ognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A.while B.after C.in case D.the minute2.How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers A.when B.until C.before D.since3._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.since C.As D.While4.He was halfway through his meal

21、_ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.while第25页/共97页6.She had just finished her homework_ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday(09福建33).A.when B.while C.after D.since7.You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.(09上海32)A.befo

22、re B.if C.while D.as第26页/共97页需要注意的几点:1.在时间(或条件)状语从句中,要注意时态一致.一般情况下,“主将从现”When he receives the letter,hell tell us.1.When _again?When he_,Ill let you know.(NMET88)A.he comes;comes B.will he comes;will come C.he comes;will comeD.will he come;comes第27页/共97页 牛刀小试牛刀小试(时间状语从句)1._ he was on holiday he caug

23、ht a bad cold.A.Since B.While C.As D.During2._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.When B.Since C.While D.As3.She will write to you as soon as she _ to Paris.A.Will get B.gets C.get D.got 第28页/共97页1.Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.A.So that B.although C.while D.as if2.Tom

24、 was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird.A.When B.if C.and D.till3.John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.A.When B.before C.after D.sinceCAB第29页/共97页5.Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A.As B.sinc

25、e C.until D.before6.It was a long time _ we met again.A.Before B.since C.for D.when7.A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A.when B.unless C.until D.after 第30页/共97页8.Dont stop _ you meet with a word you dont understand.A.at the time B.each

26、time C.while D.During9.-did you remember to give Alice the money you owe her?-Yes,_ I saw her,I remember it.A.while B.the instant C.suddenly D.soon10._ a baby turtle is hatched,it must be able to feed for itself.No sooner than B.No soonerC.So soon that D.As soon as 第31页/共97页第32页/共97页1.用连接副词用连接副词 whe

27、re或或wherever 引导引导。.a.Just stay where you are.b.Where there is a will,there is a way.c.You can sit wherever you like.d.Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.1.When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him.A.there B.wherever C.the place D.in which第33页/共97

28、页1.Where-的地方 2.Wherever=no matter where-不论何处Go where you want.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.地点状语从句地点状语从句定语从句第34页/共97页He made a mark at the place _Helen was living.A.at which

29、 B.at whereC.the place where D.whereHe made a mark _Helen was living.A.at which B.at whereC.the place where D.where第35页/共97页1._ there is a will,there is a way.A.When B.That C.While D.Where2.He made a mark _ Ali Baba was living.A.at which B.at where C.the place where D.where3.-Where shall I put the d

30、ictionary?-Put it _ it was.A.That B.when C.where D.which4.No one wants to live _ the air is polluted.A.In place B.where C.in which D.there where牛刀小试牛刀小试(地点状语从句)第36页/共97页1.Today,we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A.When B.where C.how D.what2.The little girl who got

31、 lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother.A.Where B.what C.how D.whoBA第37页/共97页第38页/共97页1.表示主句中的表示主句中的某一动作或状态某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导所发生的原因。引导这这种从句种从句 2.常用的连接词是：常用的连接词是：because,as,since,now that,for,和和considering that,seeing that 这七个连词都用这七个连词都用于表示表示原因于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。但在语气上一个比一个弱。e.g.He di

32、dnt come to school because he was ill.c.f.He might be ill,for he didnt come to school.表示“直接”原因。表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现在句首。第39页/共97页because,since,as,for的区别:1.because直接原因直接原因，非推断语气最强 回答why的问题。2.since 通常放句首放句首译为“既然”3.as 不谈自明不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。4.for 放句中放句中，引导后半句表原因,或补充推断的理由。第40页/共97页1.because:因为,2.As:“由于”,表示较为明显的原因,

33、语气弱As you request it,I will come.3.Since:”既然”表示对方已经知道的事实或理由Since everybody is here,lets begin.4.now that：因为,既然已,现在已经Now that Ive seen how he lives,I know why he needs so much money.第41页/共97页1.I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.2.Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do a lot of walking.3._

34、he was not well,I decided to go without him.4._ everybody know about it,I dont want to talk any more.5.He must be ill,_ he is absent Today.6.Some people believe that _ oil is running out,the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.becauseasAsSinceforsince第42页/共97页牛刀小试牛刀小试(原因状语从句)1.Parents should tak

35、e seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.A.because B.though C.unless D.if2._ we have finished the book we shall start doing some exercises.A.For now B.since that C.Now that D.Since now3.-Why didnt he attend the meeting?-_ he thought it was uni

36、mportant.A.Since B.As C.Because D.For4.Unlike watching TV,reading is a highly active process _it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.A.for B.until C.but D.unless 第43页/共97页第44页/共97页结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由 so,so that,such that;so that 等引导。a.So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with h

37、im.b.The bus broke down so that we had to walk home.c.She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.d.He got to the station finally,only to find the train had left.第45页/共97页so that,such that1.so+形容词/副词+that从句 2.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数that从句 3.such+a/an形容词+可数名词单数+that从句 4.such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that

38、 5.so+many/much/few/little+名词+thatSuch+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句第46页/共97页1.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldntgotosleeplastnight.2.Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.3.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.当So 或 such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序So interesting is it that all of us want to read it.第

39、47页/共97页3.Mike is _boy that we all like him.So good a B.a good soC.A such good D.such good a4.He has _ little education that he cant teach _ little children.so;such B.too;such C.a;so D.very;so第48页/共97页1.Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language.A.As B.that

40、C.which D.whereB第49页/共97页第50页/共97页引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that 用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。so thata.较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省;从句中要有情态动词,否则,就成为下一种句型：b.无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。for fear that;in case;lest(以免)等。第51页/共97页e.g.a.Well sit nearer the front so that we can hear better.b.I shall write it down lest I should forget.注

41、意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用 so as to do 或 in order to do e.g.He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock.He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.第52页/共97页so that:以便,目的是in order that:以便 for fear thatLest 以防,惟恐in casein order that句首句中so that句中目的状语从句中谓语动词要用should+do第53页/共97页1.Takeyour

42、umbrellaincaseitshouldrain.2.Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.3.IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersothatImaynotforgetit.第54页/共97页Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.A.Ever since B.even if C.soon after D.in caseHe started early _he could

43、 get there before nine.A.In order that B.because C.so as to D.in order toDA第55页/共97页第56页/共97页1.1.表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般一般现在时现在时表示将来。表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unless (除非),as/so long as(只要),on condition(只要),once(一旦),in case(假使),providing/provided(that)

44、等。e.g.a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time.b.We should serve the people as/so long as we live.第57页/共97页连 词连词:并列连词和从属连词两大类。1.并列连词:连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；2.从属连词:一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。第58页/共97页引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if,unless(=if not除非),so/as long as（只要）,in

45、 case（万一）,on condition that（条件是）,suppose/supposing（假设，如果）,provided that（如果）第59页/共97页 _ you touch an English person,you should say“sorry”._ they are dirty,certain seas are not able to clean themselves._ we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.You can be allowed to play the game

46、_you finish your homework first.Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to.IfOnceAs long ason condition thatunless第60页/共97页1.We will be able to get there on time,_ our car doesnt break down on the road.A.as soon as B.as far asC.as long as D.as well as2.In time of serious accidents,_ we know som

47、e basic things about first aid,we can save lives.A.whether B.untilC.if D.unless3._ you have tried it,you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.When第61页/共97页1.Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.2.As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.3.Suppose/supposing(that

48、)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?4.In case there is a fire,what will we do first?第62页/共97页1.The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.A.Or B.unless C.but D.whether2.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day,_ accompani

49、ed by an adult.A.Once B.when C.if D.unless3.-Our holiday cost a lot of money.-Did it?Well,that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.A.As long as B.unless C.as soon as D.thoughBDA第63页/共97页第64页/共97页主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导通常用下列词语引导:as,just as,as if,as though,the way(that),in t

50、he way(that)等等。a.We must do as the Party tells us.b.Leave the things as they are.c.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.d.It sounds as if it is raining.e.They did it in a way that I had never seen before.他们以我从没见过的方式行事。f.As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水第65页/共97页引导方式状