高三复习定语从句.ppt

《高三复习定语从句.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三复习定语从句.ppt（50页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、定语从句定语从句定语定语用来修饰用来修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分是定语的成分是定语white wallblue sky1.There are many workers in the factory.2.I have something important to tell you.3.Mr.Li will make a report on modern science.4.Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?5.This is a place(which)Ive long wanted to visit.小结：小

2、结：单词作定语时，单词作定语时，常放在它所修饰名词之前常放在它所修饰名词之前;但在修饰复合不定代词但在修饰复合不定代词something,anything.时，时，则放在不定代词之后则放在不定代词之后;短语短语,从句作定语从句作定语也放在被修饰词也放在被修饰词后后。一、定义：一、定义：在英语中，用来在英语中，用来修饰名词或代词的句子修饰名词或代词的句子叫叫定语从句定语从句。定语从句定语从句二二.类型类型I have a good friend who comes from China.I have a good friend,who comes from China.限制性定语从句限制性定语从

3、句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定语定语 从句从句分为分为限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在从关系词在从句中充当的句中充当的成分成分关系代词关系代词(5个个)关系副词关系副词(3个个)that 指人指人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语which 指物指物主语主语/宾语宾语who 指人指人主语主语/宾语宾语whom指人指人宾语宾语whose指人指人/物物 定语定语whose+名词名词when时间时间时间状语时间状语where 地点地点地点状语地点状语 why原因原因原因状语原因状语三、关系代词引导的定语从句三、关系代词引导的定语从句

4、1、who指指人人，在定语从句，在定语从句作主语作主语 Mr Li is the person who will give us a talk.2、whom指指人人，在定语从句作，在定语从句作宾语，宾语，常可省略。常可省略。The boy(whom)you are looking for is over there.The man(whom/who)you will visit is our teacher.3、whose既可指既可指人人，又可指物又可指物，在定语从句中作，在定语从句中作定语。定语。指物指物时常可用时常可用of which 取代取代。注意注意:whose+名词名词The hou

5、se _ door is red belongs to me.That s the man_ house was burned down.4、that既可指既可指人人又可指又可指物物，可在句中，可在句中 作主语、宾语作主语、宾语 Is she the girl _sells flowers?The person _you met just now is very kind.This is the book _ you like best.whosewhose(that/who)(that/whom)that5.which指指物物，在定语从句中做，在定语从句中做主语和宾语主语和宾语，做宾语常可省

6、略。做宾语常可省略。The train_ has just left is for Beijing .The film_ I saw last night is very exciting.which(which)注意：注意：关系代词作宾语时可省略。关系代词作宾语时可省略。关系 代词 意义 成分 who指指人人主主/宾宾 whom指指人人当宾语当宾语 whose (whose door,whose dog)指指人人也指也指物物 当定语当定语(某人的某人的/某物某物的的)(whose+名词名词)that指指人人也指也指物物 主语主语/宾语宾语which指物指物主语主语/宾语宾语在在非非限制性定语

7、从句中限制性定语从句中只能只能 用用which,不能用不能用that找出下列句子的定语从句，并将句子译成汉语。找出下列句子的定语从句，并将句子译成汉语。1.Bring me the book which is on the desk.2.I met my old schoolmate,who was very pleased to see me.3.It is the largest power station that has ever been built in their province.正确选择引导定语从句的引导词正确选择引导定语从句的引导词 的口诀：的口诀：一看先行词，一看先行词，

8、二看句中作何用，二看句中作何用，要正确地选用定语从句中的引导词，要正确地选用定语从句中的引导词，关键要看引导词在从句中担任什么成分关键要看引导词在从句中担任什么成分1.如果如果作主语或宾语作主语或宾语就在就在who(主语主语),that(主主,宾宾)，which(主主,宾宾),whom(宾宾)之中选择；之中选择；2.如果作如果作定语定语就用就用whose(wnose+n)；3.如果作如果作状语状语就在就在when，where，why 之中选择之中选择用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空(who,that,whom.which,whose)1.The two pupils _ you tau

9、ght three years ago have become drivers.2.The child _ parents died in the air crash is now living with his aunt.3.You can telephone the people _ you want to invite to dinner.4.This is the doctor _ saved the boy.5.This is a book _ tells about computer technology.that/whom/-whosethat/whom/-who/that wh

10、ich/that IV.由由when,where,why引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。when在从句中充当时间状语在从句中充当时间状语,where在从在从句中充当地点状语句中充当地点状语,why在从句中充当原在从句中充当原因状语。因状语。Do you still remember the day _we joined the league?关系副词关系副词引导的定语从句引导的定语从句when（指时间）、指时间）、where（指地点）、指地点）、why（指原因），指原因），在定语从句中只能作在定语从句中只能作状语状语。whenI still remember the day _I first

11、came to this school.The time _ we got together finally arrived.The house _I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.Please tell me the reason _you missed the plane.whenwhenwherewhy句子完整句子完整(主主+谓谓+宾宾).句子完整句子完整(主主+谓谓).句子完整句子完整(主主+谓谓).句子完整句子完整(主主+谓谓+宾宾).缺少缺少原因状语原因状语填填时间状语时间状语填填时间状语时间状语填填地点状语地点状语 _we vi

12、sited the museum together?_we worked together?相同的相同的先行词先行词(the day),但引导定语从句的连接但引导定语从句的连接词并不相同。词并不相同。(分析句子结构不完整缺少主语分析句子结构不完整缺少主语/宾宾语就用关系代词语就用关系代词,如果句子完整如果句子完整,就用关系副词就用关系副词.)2.Do you still remember the day 注意注意 1.Do you still remember the day _we spent together happily?that/whichwhenwhen2)This is the

13、city _ we visited last year._ we visited Mr.Brown._ he was born.that/whichwherewhere3.This is the reason _ he was late this morning._ he gave us.whythat 1.I still remember the day _ I first came to this school.2.I still remember the day _ I first spent in this school.3.The time _we got together fina

14、lly arrived.4.The time _ we visited you finally arrived.5.The house _I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.6.The house _ I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.whenthat/whichwhenwhenwherethat/which这些关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的这些关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的“介词介词+which”结构。结构。1.I still remember the day when I first

15、 came to this school.2.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.I still remember the day at which I first came to this school.The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.1.that与与which2.对对the way的考查的考查3.介词介词+关系词关系词4.as的使用的使用5.对对where的考查的考查6.综合考查综合考查考考点点难难点点在在非非限制性定

16、语从句限制性定语从句中中在在介词介词后面的后面的定语从句定语从句 考点一考点一.关系代词关系代词 that和和which 的的区别。区别。1.在下列情况下，一般用在下列情况下，一般用which而不用而不用that：This is a house,which is very beautiful.The region in which the antelope live is very cold.2.2.用用that而不用而不用which的情况的情况：all,everything,nothing,something 等不定代词作等不定代词作先行词时，或当先行词被先行词时，或当先行词被every,a

17、ll,no等等不定代词不定代词修饰修饰时；时；Everything that we saw at the meeting greatly interested us.All that hetellsmeis not true.当先行词是当先行词是序数词序数词或或最高级形容词最高级形容词或被这些词修饰时，或被这些词修饰时，The first English novel that I read was A Tale Of Two Cities.Tom is the cleverest student that I have ever known.当先行词包含有当先行词包含有指人和指物指人和指物的名

18、词及其短语时，的名词及其短语时，只能用只能用that；They are talking about the persons and things _they saw in the park.thatThe heroes and their deeds _he describes in his novels are familiar to us.that4.当先行词被当先行词被the only，the very，the same 等等时，用时，用thatHe was the only person was present at the time避免与疑问词避免与疑问词which,who等重复时用

19、等重复时用 that.hich is the car that was made in eijing?Who was the girl that he danced with in the ball?that但当先行词是但当先行词是指人的不定代词指人的不定代词 one或或those和和all，everybody,somebody,anyone,no one时，时，通常用通常用who而不用而不用that。Lets go to somebody _was present at the meeting.Nothing is difficult for one _ sets his mind to i

20、t.whowho1)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2)The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _ is standing there?4)Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点二考点二.as.as和和w

21、hichwhich引导的引导的非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句 as和和which引导的非限制性定语从句中作引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语，主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子代表前面整个句子。1.He married her,as/which was natural.2.China is a developing country,as/which is known to all.3.He is honest,as/which we can see.由由as引导的从句引导的从句可前置可前置，而，而which引导的从句则不可以。引导的从句则不可以。如上面的例子，可改为：如上面的例子，可改为：As

22、was natural,he married her.但却不能改为：但却不能改为：which was natural,he married her.as关系代词可用在关系代词可用在the sameas与与同样同样/suchas诸如诸如之类的之类的/asas像像一样一样 等结构中。如：等结构中。如：1.We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.2.Ive never heard such stories as he tells.3.Some people believe that cat understands as many wor

23、ds as does a dog.当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系因果关系时，时，或者或者从句的谓语是否定形式从句的谓语是否定形式时，往往只时，往往只用用which而不用而不用as。1.Tom was late for school again and again,which made his teacher very angry.3.These tables are made of metal,which made them very heavy.4.The ships were frozen in,which not frequently happens

24、 in those regions.1.I should like to use the same TV set _ is used in your classroom.2.A.which B.who C.as D.whose2.The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.A.that B.it C.as D.what考点三考点三.介词介词which和和介词介词whom的用法的用法介词介词which用来用来指事，物指事，物介词比较灵活，要根据动词来搭配介词比

25、较灵活，要根据动词来搭配：inwhich，（，（livein）atwhich（stayat）forwhich（lookfor）等等等等The house in which I live is very beautiful.The books for which he is looking are new.介词介词whom 用来用来指人指人，介词比较灵活，介词比较灵活，要根据动词来搭配要根据动词来搭配：to whom,(speak to)of whom,(be proud of)about whom (talk about)from whom (learn from).1.The volunte

26、ers to whom I speak are very great.2.LiNing is the hero of whom we should be proud3.The boy _we are looking is my brother.4.This is the girl _I learned the newsfor whomfrom whom1.This is the car _ I bought last year.which/that 2.This is the car _I paid 100.for which 4.This is the car _the boy threw

27、a stone.5.This is the car _ we talked .6.This is the car _the window was broken.7.This is the car _the old man was knowned down.8.This is the car _ I go to work every day.9.This is the car _ I cant go to work every day.at whichabout whichof whichby whichin whichwithout which3.This is the car _I spen

28、t 100.on which 1.Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when/in whichwhichwhere/in which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is th

29、e reason _ _ he gave.whichwhy/for whichthat/which4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ _ he gave.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词

30、并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/whichthat/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点考点4：the way用做先行词用做先行词3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D

31、.the way which高考题链接：高考题链接：1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。考点考点5：一些特殊词之后的

32、：一些特殊词之后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to say for yo

33、urself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）江西）A.why B.where C.how D./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。关系词。wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句考点考点6.综合考查综

34、合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。合分析能力。友情提示友情提示Was it in the village _ we used to lived in _ the accident happened?A.where/that B.which/that C.that/where D.where/which如果将本题恢复为陈述句，则为如果将本题恢复为陈述句，则为It wa

35、s in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened.如果再浓缩，则为如果再浓缩，则为The accident happened in the village.故第二个空应填故第二个空应填that,而而_we used to live in 用来修饰用来修饰the village,是定语从句，句中缺少介词是定语从句，句中缺少介词in的宾语，的宾语，可填可填which/that或者省略，故答案应为或者省略，故答案应为B.-I cant find Mr.Brown.Where did you meet him this morn

36、ing?-It was in the hotel _ he stayed.A.that B.which C.where D.when去掉去掉It was和所填词后为和所填词后为he stayed in the hotel,看似正确，看似正确，但仔细看上文，却答非所问。其实，此题不过是省略了但仔细看上文，却答非所问。其实，此题不过是省略了强调句型的连词强调句型的连词that和从句，如补充完整则为和从句，如补充完整则为It was in the hotel _ he stayed that I met him.故应故应C,where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰the hotel.定语从句定

37、语从句修饰或限定修饰或限定先行词先行词，它与先行词是，它与先行词是修饰修饰关系；关系；同位语同位语从句是对从句是对前面的抽象名词前面的抽象名词进行进行解释或者说明解释或者说明，它跟前面的抽象名词是它跟前面的抽象名词是同位同位关系。关系。The news that he told me is true.The news that he just died is true.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.which B.that

38、C.when D.as答案为答案为B.that引起的是引起的是information的同位语从句，的同位语从句，因从句被谓语因从句被谓语has been put forward所分割，增加了理解的困难。所分割，增加了理解的困难。定从定从同从同从综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A.Tha

39、t B.where C.which D.the one3.I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week.A.when;where B.which;which C.when;which D.which;where4.Do you know the reason _he was late?A.for which B.for what C.which D.that5.May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget

40、.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which6.Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal?A.which B.what C.why D.for that5.May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which6.Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal?A.which B.wh

41、at C.why D.for that7.I like the second football match _ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./8.I will never forget the day_ we studied together.A.at which B.on that C.at that D.on which7.I like the second football match _ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./8.I will never forget the day

42、_ we studied together.A.at which B.on that C.at that D.on which10.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.on whichB.where C.in thatD.during which11.Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used?A.which B.that C.where D.in that12.Were talking about the piano and

43、the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that13.I have many books,some of _ are on chemistry.A.Them B.that C.which D.those14.I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which15.Can you tell me the name of the factory

44、_ you visited last week?A.what B.where C./D.when16.I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在从关系词在从句中充当的句中充当的成分成分关系代词关系代词(5个个)关系副词关系副词(3个个)that 指人也指物指人也指物主语主语/宾语宾语which 指物指物主语主语/宾语宾语who 指人指人主语主语/宾语宾语whom指人指人宾语宾语whose指人的指人的/物的物的 定语定语whose+名词名词when时间时间时间状语时间状语where 地点地点地点状语地点状语 why原因原因原因状语原因状语