国际经济与贸易课件2.ppt
《国际经济与贸易课件2.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《国际经济与贸易课件2.ppt(43页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、2008-9-8成都理工大学李琼Chapter Two General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction进出口贸易的一般步骤General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionLearningObjectivesTounderstandtheproceduresofexportandimporttransactionTolearnhowbusinessnegotiationgoesthrough.Toappreciatetheconstitution、thewithdrawalandrevo
2、cationofanofferTounderstandtheconstitutionandwithdrawalofanacceptanceGeneral Procedures of ExportFromtheverybeginningtotheendofthetransaction,thewholeoperationgenerallyundergoesfourstages:preparingforexporting,businessnegotiation,implementingthecontract,andsettlementofdisputes(ifany).Preparation for
3、 ExportingMarketresearchisaprocessofconductingresearchintoaspecifiedmarketforaparticularproduct.Exportmarketresearch,inparticular,isastudyofagivenmarketabroadtodeterminetheneedsofthatmarketandthemethodsbywhichtheproductscanbesupplied.Itcovers:ResearchontheCountriesorRegionsResearchontheMarketResearc
4、hontheCustomerHow business negotiation goes through?交易磋商(BusinessNegotiation),又称贸易谈判,它是指交易双方就买卖商品的有关各项条件进行沟通和协商,以期达成交易的过程。Itmaybemadebyletter,telegram,telexorfaxorevenbytelephoneorthroughface-to-facetalk.Generally,fourstagesorlinksshouldbegonethroughinthebusinessnegotiationtoreachanagreement.Theyare
5、enquiry,offer,counter-offer,acceptance.1.EnquireWhatisEnquiry?Anenquiryisanoverseasbuyertoseller,inquiringaboutthetermsorconditionsofasale.Itshouldbenotedthatwhoevermakesanenquiryisnotliableforthebuyingortheselling,andtheoppositeparty,inthemeantime,canmakenoreplyatall.Anenquirycanbemadenotonlytoonep
6、artyalonebutalsotoseveralpartiesatthesametime.How to Enquiry EffectivelyAfirstenquiryalettersenttoasupplierwithwhomyouhavenotpreviouslydonebusinessshouldinclude:a)briefmentionofhowyouobtainedyourpotentialsuppliersname.b)someindicationofthedemandinyourareaforthegoodswhichthesupplierdealin.c)Detailsof
7、whatyouwouldlikeyourprospectivesuppliertosendyou,suchascatalogue,apricelist,discounts,methodsofpayment,deliverytime,whereappropriate,samples.d)Aclosingsentencetoroundofftheenquiry.Model 1:from a french importer of fashion goods to a British exporterDearSirs:WehaveheardfromtheBritishEmbassyinParistha
8、tyouareproducingforexporthand-madeshoesandglovesinnaturalmaterials.ThereisasteadydemandinFranceforhigh-qualitygoodsofthistype.Salearenothigh,butagoodpricecanbeobtainedforfashionabledesigns.Willyoupleasesendusyourcatalogueandfulldetailsofyourexportpricesandtermsofpayment,togetherwithsamplesofleathers
9、usedinyourarticlesand,ifpossible,specimensofsomeofthearticlesthemselves?Wearelookingforwardtohearingfromyou.yoursfaithfully,Model 2:From an Australian engineering concern to a British supplierDearsirs,WehaveseenyouradvertisementintheMetalWorker,andwouldbegratefulifyouwouldkindlysendusdetailsofyoural
10、uminumfittings.Pleasequoteusforthesupplyoftheitemslistedontheenclosedenquiryform,givingyourpriceCIFMelbourne.Willyoupleasealsoindicatedeliverytimes,yourtermsofpayment,anddetailsofdiscountsforregularpurchasesandlargeorders.Ourannualrequirementsformetalfittingsareconsiderable,andwemaybeabletoplacesubs
11、tantialorderswithyouifyourpricesarecompetitiveandyourdeliveriesprompt.Welookforwardtoreceivingyourquotation.Yoursfaithfully,How to Reply Enquiries EffectivelyThereplywillgenerallyinclude:Thankthewriteroftheletterofenquiryfortheletterinquestion.Supplyalltheinformationrequested,andreferbothtoenclosure
12、sandtosamples,cataloguesandotheritemsbeingsentbyseparatepost.Provideadditionalinformation,notspecificallyrequestedbythecustomer,solongasitisrelevant.Concludewithoneortwolinesencouragingthecustomertoplaceordersandassuringthemofgoodservice.Model of reply:DearSirs,WethankyouforyourenquiryofOctober12,an
13、dappreciateyourinterestinourproducts.Detailsofourexportpricesandtermsofpaymentareenclosed,andwehavearrangedforacopyofourcataloguetobesenttoyoutoday.OurrepresentativeforEurope,Mr.J.Needham,willbeinParisfromthe24thtothe30thofthismonth,andwehaveaskedhimtomakeanappointmenttovisityouduringthisperoid.Hewi
14、llhavehimafullrangeofsamplesofourhand-madelines,andisauthorizedtodiscussthetermsofanorderwithyouortonegotiateacontract.Wethinkourarticleswillbejustwhatyouwantforfashionabletrade,andlookforwardtotheopportunityofdoingbusinesswithyou.yoursfaithfully,2.发盘(Offer)发盘,又称发价,是指交易的一方向另一方提出一定交易条件,并愿意按照提出的交易条件达成
15、买卖该项货物的交易,签订合同的一种口头或书面的表示。联合国国际货物销售合同公约(以下简称公约)第14 条对发盘的定义为:“向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的订立合同的建议,如果十分确定并且表明发盘人在得到接受时承受约束的意旨,即构成发盘。一个建议如果写明货物并且明示或暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和价格,即为十分确定。”发盘一般采用下列术语和语句:发盘(Offer)、发实盘(OfferFirm;FirmOffer)、报价(Quote)、供应(Supply)、可供应(CanSupply)、订购(Book;Booking)、定货(Order;Ordering)、可订(CanBook)、递盘(B
16、id;Bidding)、递实盘(BidFirm;FirmBid)。发盘构成的四项必要条件发盘构成的四项必要条件根据公约对发盘所下定义,其构成条件有以下四项:1.向一个或一个以上特定的人提出。2.表明发盘人订约意图(contractualintent)3.内容必须十分确定4.送达受盘人实盘和虚盘实盘和虚盘1实盘实盘(FirmOffer,OfferWithEngagement)实盘,又称有约束力的发盘。实盘是表示发盘人有肯定订立合同的意图,受盘人一旦承诺,合同即告成立。实盘的特征:第一,发盘内容明确。第二,发盘内容完整。第三,发盘无保留条件。2虚盘(虚盘(Non-Firm Offer,Offer
17、Without Engagement)虚盘是发盘人有保留地按一定条件达成交易的一种不肯定的表示。它通常没有肯定订约的表示、交易条件不完整、附有保留条件等特征。发虚盘的意图在于:试探对方交易态度、吸引对方递盘、使自己保留对交易的最后决定权。虚盘对发盘人没有约束力,发盘人可以随时撤消或修改发盘内容。如发盘中写有“参考价”(ReferencePrice),“以我方确认为准”(SubjecttoOurFinalConfirmation)、“以获得出口许可证为准”(SubjecttoExportLicenseBeingApproved)等都属于发虚盘。发盘的有效期发盘的有效期(TermofValidit
18、y)在发盘中通常都规定有效期,作为发盘人受约束的期限和受盘人表示接受的有效期限。发盘人在规定有效期时要注意:1要根据商品的特点和采用的通讯方式来合理确定。2.有效期要具体明确,尽量避免“尽快答复”之类的词句。3.最好明确有效期的到期时间和地点。发盘人对有效期通常有以下三种规定方法:(1)规定接受的最后日期。例如“发盘限12月10日复到我处”(OfferSubjectReplyReachingHereDecemberTenth);“发盘有效至我方时间星期二”(OfferValidUntilTuesdayOurTime);(2)规定接受的天数或一段接受的期间。如“发盘限3天内复到有效”(Offer
19、SubjectReplyHereInThreeDays);“发盘内有效三天”(OfferValidThreeDays);(3)不作明确的规定或仅规定答复传递的方式。例如“发盘电复”(Offer.CableReply)“即复”(ReplyPromptly)、“速复”(ReplyImmediately)、“急复”(ReplyUrgently)、“尽快答复”(ReplyAsSoonAsPossible)等。第(3)种规定方法,由于其有效期不具体,容易引起纠纷,应少用或不用。发盘的生效和撤回发盘的生效和撤回1发盘的生效发盘的生效 对于发盘何时生效的问题,公约第15条规定,发盘于送达受盘人时生效。不论是
20、书面的或是口头的发盘,只有传达至受盘人时才能对发盘人产生约束力。2发盘的撤回发盘的撤回 发盘的撤回是指发盘人在发盘送达受盘人之前,即在发盘尚未生效时,阻止该项发盘生效。发盘的撤销和失效发盘的撤销和失效1发盘的撤消发盘的撤消 发盘的撤销是指发盘送达受盘人,即已生效后,发盘人再取消该发盘,解除其效力的行为。因此,发盘的撤销不同于发盘的撤回。公约第16条第2款又规定,凡有以下情形的,发盘人不得撤销其发盘:(1)发盘中已写明了接受发盘的期限,或以其他方式表示发盘是不可撤销的。(2)受盘人有理由信赖该项发盘是不可撤销的,并已经本着对该项发盘的信赖行事。2发盘的失效发盘的失效(1)生效前被阻止未能生效。(
21、2)有效期间的失效。其一,拒绝(Rejection)。其二,还盘(Counter-Offer)。其三,法律实施。其四,撤销(Revocation)。(3)有效期满的失效。例1,实盘信举例敬启者:事由:花生,核桃仁兹确认收到你方本月18日电报,要求我们报花生和核挑仁两货CFR阿姆斯特丹实盘。今晨我们回电报手摘,带壳,不分等级的山东花生360公吨,CFR阿姆斯特丹或其他欧洲主要口岸价每公吨人民币1800元,2008年78月装运。此盘一周内复函有效。我们愿指出,这是我方最低价格,故对你方的任何还盘均不能考虑。关于核桃仁,我们目前仅有的少数几笔货已向别处报盘。若你方能给一个可接受的递盘,有可能得到此货
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 国际 经济 贸易 课件
限制150内