文体分类突破幻灯片.ppt

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1、文体分类突破第1页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六记叙文，是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物记叙文，是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。记叙文包括的范围很广，如记人记事、日记、记叙文包括的范围很广，如记人记事、日记、游记、传说、新闻、通讯小说等，都属于记叙游记、传说、新闻、通讯小说等，都属于记叙文的范畴。记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，因此，文的范畴。记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，因此，时常伴随着作者真实情感的流露，往往在记叙时常伴随着作者真实情感的流露，往往在记叙的过程中会夹杂着抒情和议论。的过程中会夹杂着抒情和议论。

2、第2页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六一、了解文体特点一、了解文体特点高考中，记叙文多与中学生熟悉的话题有关。掌握记叙文要抓住高考中，记叙文多与中学生熟悉的话题有关。掌握记叙文要抓住以下特点：以下特点：1.六个要素就是指我们常常提到的人物、时间、地点、事件、六个要素就是指我们常常提到的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、经过等等，即原因、经过等等，即5个个W(who,when,where,why,what)和和一个一个H(how)。2.常用线索记叙文的线索是贯穿全文、将材料串连起来的常用线索记叙文的线索是贯穿全文、将材料串连起来的一条主线，它把文章的各个部分连结成一个统一、和谐一条主线，它把文

3、章的各个部分连结成一个统一、和谐的有机体。常用的线索有人物发展的线索、事件发展的的有机体。常用的线索有人物发展的线索、事件发展的线索、时间线索、地点线索、人物思想感情的变化线索线索、时间线索、地点线索、人物思想感情的变化线索等。把握行文线索可以把握作者的写作思路和通篇的结等。把握行文线索可以把握作者的写作思路和通篇的结构。构。第3页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六3.记叙顺序记叙文的顺序通常有三种，即顺记叙顺序记叙文的顺序通常有三种，即顺叙、倒叙和插叙。而以前两种情况居多。叙、倒叙和插叙。而以前两种情况居多。4.写作意图就是作者通过讲故事想要揭示的写作意图就是作者通过讲故事想要揭示的道理

4、，或是证明某一理论，或是阐明某一概道理，或是证明某一理论，或是阐明某一概念，或同人分享快乐，或是赞美或谴责某种念，或同人分享快乐，或是赞美或谴责某种行为，等等。行为，等等。第4页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六二、掌握阅读技巧二、掌握阅读技巧1.把握故事整体找出文章六要素，然后按照线索弄清把握故事整体找出文章六要素，然后按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，理解文脉进而把握故事的整体。楚事情的来龙去脉，理解文脉进而把握故事的整体。2.注意记叙顺序特别遇上倒叙的文章时，可以先读完通注意记叙顺序特别遇上倒叙的文章时，可以先读完通篇之后按照故事本来情节分析理解。篇之后按照故事本来情节分析理解。3.抓主

5、旨明细节抓住重要细节有助于把握文章主旨和抓主旨明细节抓住重要细节有助于把握文章主旨和作者意图，更好地解决具体的问题。作者意图，更好地解决具体的问题。4.多问为什么读完故事后问故事讲了什么？故事想告多问为什么读完故事后问故事讲了什么？故事想告诉我们什么？有助于我们深入地挖掘和领会作者的写诉我们什么？有助于我们深入地挖掘和领会作者的写作意图。作意图。第5页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 On October 17,1826,Carlyle married his secretary Jane Welsh.She was an intelligent,attractive and somew

6、hat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor.They had their quarrels and misunderstandings,but still loved each other dearly.1.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?A.After marriage,Jane became a full-time housewife.B.Quarrels and misunderstandings didnt lessen Janes

7、 love for Carlyle.C.Carlyle spared more time for Jane after she was ill.D.Jane got cancer and soon was forced to stay in bed.B.Quarrels and misunderstandings didnt lessen Janes love for Carlyle.第6页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六2.C 词义猜测题。词义猜测题。由第二段中的由第二段中的“quarrels and misunderstandings”，并通过构词法，并通过构词法temperamen

8、tal中包含中包含“temper”可猜出，该词大意为可猜出，该词大意为“情绪无常，易喜易怒的情绪无常，易喜易怒的”。On October 17,1826,Carlyle married his secretary Jane Welsh.She was an intelligent,attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor.They had their quarrels and misunderstandings,but still loved each other dearly.2.The und

9、erlined word“temperamental”in Paragraph 1 probably means.A.bad-tempered B.easy-goingC.easily angry or excited D.out-going第7页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六3.C 推理判断题。推理判断题。由文章中的由文章中的“wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently”和文中最后一段作者反复重复的和文中最后一段作者反复重复的“If I had only known,if I had only known.”可知主人公非常

10、悔恨。可知主人公非常悔恨。wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently.Noticing her diary on a table beside the bed,he picked it up and began to read it.Suddenly he seemed shocked.His eyes were red from weeping.He kept repeating over and over again,“If I had only known,if I had only known.”3.Which of the

11、 following words can best describe Carlyles feeling?A.disappointed B.HopelessC.regretful D.desperateC.regretful第8页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六4.Based on the passage,if Carlyle had only known,he should_.A.not have quarreled with JaneB.have spent more time with JaneC.have read Janes diary earlyD.not have made

12、Jane misunderstand him.Although Carlyle loved her dearly,he seldom found time to stay with her long.wishing so much he had a chance to do it differently.4.B 推理判断题。推理判断题。由第三段的由第三段的“Although Carlyle loved her dearly,he seldom found time to stay with her long”和第四和第四段的段的“wishing so much he had a chance

13、to do it differently”可可推断出答案为推断出答案为B。B.have spent more time with Jane第9页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 Thomas Carlyle lived from 1795 until 1881.But he was a human and humans make mistakes.Jane died,leaving Carlyle in deep sorrow.He sat there thinking about how little time he had spent with her and wishing so

14、much he had a chance to do it differently.5.The authors main purpose in writing the text is to.A.introduce Thomas Carlyle,a famous essayist and historian.B.show people the family life of Thomas Carlyle.C.remind others not to make the same mistake as Carlyle did.D.tell the deep love between Carlyle a

15、nd Jane.C.remind others not to make the same mistake as Carlyle did.第10页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六(2)After the unforgettably initial shock,he remembered the promise he had made to his son:“No matter what,Ill always be there for you!”And tears began to fill his eyes.As he looked at the pile of ruins that on

16、ce was the school,it looked hopeless,but he kept remembering his commitment to his son.第11页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Over 30,000 people were killed in the initial shock.B.Most of the buildings in America were destroyed.C.The earthquake only la

17、sted for four minutes.D.The earthquake left the city in chaos.1.C细节理解题。细节理解题。通过文章第二段可知通过文章第二段可知A,B,D 三个答案是正三个答案是正确的。而确的。而C选项表述有误，选项表述有误，“killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes”中的四分钟是指中的四分钟是指“initial shake”是首震，是首震，地震还没有结束。因此可知答案为地震还没有结束。因此可知答案为C。第12页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 After the unforge

18、ttably initial shock,he remembered the promise he had made to his son:“No matter what,Ill always be there for you!”And tears began to fill his eyes.As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school,it looked hopeless,but he kept remembering his commitment to his son.2.The underlined word“co

19、mmitment”in Paragraph 2 probably means.A.devotion B.admission C.promise D.mission2.C 词义猜测题。词义猜测题。由第二段中的由第二段中的“he remembered the promise he had made to his son:”可知答案。可知答案。C.promise第13页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know for himself:“Is my boy alive or dead?”.He

20、 screamed his sons name,“ARMAND!”He heard back,“Dad!?!Its me,Dad!I told the other kids not to worry.I told them that if you were alive,youd save me and when you saved me,theyd be saved.You promised,no matter what happens,Youll always be there for me!You did it,Dad!”3.From the last paragraph we can i

21、nfer _.A.The father found his son alive in the 38th hour.B.The son is brave and believes in his father.C.Armand and other kids were all trapped under the ruins.D.The father went on digging all by himself.B.The son is brave and believes in his father.第14页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 Courageously he went on al

22、one because he needed to know for himself:“Is my boy alive or dead?”.He screamed his sons name,“ARMAND!”He heard back,“Dad!?!Its me,Dad!I told the other kids not to worry.I told them that if you were alive,youd save me and when you saved me,theyd be saved.You promised,no matter what happens,Youll al

23、ways be there for me!You did it,Dad!”4.Whats most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A.Appreciation from the parents whose children were saved.B.How to save the kids under the ruins.C.The happy reunion between father and son.D.The great loss the earthquake resulted in for the schoo

24、l.B.How to save the kids under the ruins.第15页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六5.The purpose of writing the text is to_.A.report a destructive earthquake in American history.B.emphasize the great loss resulting from the earthquake.C.praise a father who managed to save his son during an earthquake.D.educate people

25、not to give up easily when in difficulty.5.C 意图理解题。意图理解题。本文为一篇记叙文，通过文中四、五段虽然本文为一篇记叙文，通过文中四、五段虽然被多次劝阻停止挖掘但是这位伟大的父亲还是坚持挖掘了被多次劝阻停止挖掘但是这位伟大的父亲还是坚持挖掘了38小小时，直至找到儿子。因此，作者旨在歌颂这位伟大的父亲。时，直至找到儿子。因此，作者旨在歌颂这位伟大的父亲。第16页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六(3)My son Joey was born with club feet.The doctors assured us that with trea

26、tment he would be able to walk normallybut would never run very well.The first three years of his life were spent in surgery.By the time he was eight,you wouldnt know he had a problem when you saw him walk.1.If one was born with club feet,he_.A.can never walk normally like othersB.could be good at r

27、unningC.has to stay in hospital for longD.has feet which are badly shaped D.has feet which are badly shaped第17页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 The children in our neighborhood ran around as most children do during play,and Joey would join right in and run and play,too.We never told him that he probably wouldnt

28、be able to run as well as the other children.So he didnt know.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true about Joey?A.He has gone through many surgeries.B.He can walk as normal people at eight.C.He dared not run around like other children.D.He trained harder in the cross-country team.2.C 细节理解题。

29、细节理解题。通过第二段通过第二段“Joey would join right in and run and play,too.”的表述，可知答案。的表述，可知答案。第18页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 Two weeks later,the names of the team runners were announced.Joey was number six on the list.Joey had made the team.He was in the seventh gradethe other six team members were all eighth-graders.

30、We never told him he shouldnt expect to make the team.We never told him he couldnt do it.so he didnt know.He just did it.3.The underlined phrase“make the team”probably means .A.be a member of the teamB.be a success in the teamC.make up a teamD.catch up with the teamA.be a member of the team第19页，共102

31、页，编辑于2022年，星期六 Two weeks later,the names of the team runners were announced.Joey was number six on the list.Joey had made the team.He was in the seventh gradethe other six team members were all eighth-graders.We never told him he shouldnt expect to make the team.We never told him he couldnt do it.so

32、 he didnt know.He just did it.4.According to the passage,Joeys hard-work resulted in .A.his having a high feverB.his winning the chance to score points for school.C.his running as well as other teammates.D.making his team win.B.his winning the chance to score points for school.第20页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期

33、六5.What can we learn from the text?A.Hard work and perseverance can work wonders.B.God helps those who help themselves.C.Parental love is deep as the sea.D.No pains,no gains.5.A 主旨大意题。主旨大意题。文章中不断贯穿的线索是文章中不断贯穿的线索是Joey“working hard and never stop”，并且通过最后的结，并且通过最后的结果果“Joey made the team”可知对于一个有畸形足的孩可知对

34、于一个有畸形足的孩子，是他的刻苦和毅力创造了奇迹。子，是他的刻苦和毅力创造了奇迹。第21页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六(4)But I had done the normal“motherly”things,like making sure my daughter get to ballet and gym lessons.I went to all of her school concerts,parent-teacher conferences and open houses alone.I ran interference during my husbands rage whe

35、n something was spilled at the dinner table,telling her,“It will be okay,Honey.Daddys not really mad at you.”I did all I could to protect her from hearing the awful shouting and accusations after he returned from a night of drinking.Finally I did the best thing I could do for my daughter and myself:

36、I removed us from the home that wasnt really a home at all.第22页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六1.The following things are considered“motherly”things EXCEPT .A.taking children go to ballet and gym lessonsB.attending parent-teacher conferences and open housesC.going to childrens school concertsD.maintaining an abu

37、sive marriage 1.D 推理判断题。推理判断题。通过第二段对通过第二段对“motherly things”的具体描述，用排除法，可知答案为的具体描述，用排除法，可知答案为D。第23页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 But I had done the normal“motherly”things,Daddys not really mad at you.”I did all I could to protect her from hearing the awful shouting and accusations after he returned from a night

38、 of drinking.2.The underlined word“rage”in Paragraph 2 probably means .A.blame B.anger C.beating D.abuse2.B 词义猜测题。词义猜测题。通过第二段，由通过第二段，由“rage”而引发的结果就是而引发的结果就是“awful shouting and accusations”可知，先是可知，先是“生气、愤怒生气、愤怒”，然后大声叫嚷和责备。，然后大声叫嚷和责备。B.anger第24页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 But I had done the normal“motherly”th

39、ings,like making sure my daughter get to ballet and gym lessons.I removed us from the home that wasnt really a home at all.3.Which of the following is Not true based on the text?A.The writers husband gets angry easily after drinking.B.The little girl is quite afraid of his father.C.The writer tries

40、hard to protect her daughter from abuse.D.The writer managed to survive her marriage at last.3.D 细节理解题。细节理解题。由第二段由第二段“I removed us from the home that wasnt really a home at all”可知答案为可知答案为D。第25页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 That was the day I really became a mom.I discovered that being a mom isnt only going to

41、 ballet and gym recitals,and attending every school concert and open house.It isnt keeping a spotless house and preparing perfect meals.It certainly isnt pretending things are normal when they are not.For me,being a mom started when I could laugh over spilled milk第26页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六4.What can we

42、 infer from Paragraph 3?A.The mother and daughter started their new life happily.B.The little girl is careless and naughty.C.A calm and quite dinner is what they wanted most.D.The writer laughed over spilled milk.4.A 推理判断题。推理判断题。由第四段的与过去的家里不同，由第四段的与过去的家里不同，母女两人可以安静、平和地吃晚餐而不用担心犯错母女两人可以安静、平和地吃晚餐而不用担心犯

43、错而遭来的谩骂和而遭来的谩骂和“They were tears of joy and peace”可知，答案为可知，答案为A。第27页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 The day I became a mom was not the day my daughter was born,but seven years later.That was the day I really became a mom.For me,being a mom started when I could laugh over spilled milk.5.The text is mainly written

44、 to explain .A.the important of family to childrenB.the real role of being a motherC.how great the motherly love isD.how to get on well with your children B.the real role of being a mother第28页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 The men talked for hours on end.They spoke of their wives and families,their homes,their

45、 jobs,their involvement in the military service.And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up,he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window.(5)1.Whats the probable relationship between the two men?A.Brothers B.RelativesC.

46、Fellow soldiers D.Strangers1.C 推理判断题。推理判断题。由第二段前二句可知，尤其由第二段前二句可知，尤其“their involvement in the military service”是关键信息。是关键信息。第29页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六2.The underlined word“deceased”in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by .A.weak B.sick C.dead D.kind 2.C 词义猜测题。词义猜测题。通过文章描述通过文章描述“who had died peacefully in his s

47、leep”与词汇的词形来猜测，可知答案。与词汇的词形来猜测，可知答案。One morning,the nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window,who had died peacefully in his sleep.As soon as it seemed appropriate,the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window.The nurse was happ

48、y to make the switch,and after making sure he was comfortable,she left him alone.Slowly,painfully,he held himself up on one elbow to take his first look out of the window.第30页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 The man in the other bed began to live for those periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened

49、 by all the activity and color of the world outside.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The hospital is next to a park with a lake.B.The vivid description made the other man full of hope.C.The two patients switched their bed out of willingness.D.The nurse helped the man sit up to look outs

50、ide.3.B 细节理解题。细节理解题。通过对文章进行细节的排除，并通过第通过对文章进行细节的排除，并通过第三段描述三段描述“his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside”可知。可知。第31页，共102页，编辑于2022年，星期六 However,it faced a blank wall.The man asked the nurse what could have caused his deceased roommate to describe su