英语四级作文和翻译技巧.pptx

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1、四级考试写作的评分四级考试写作的评分标准满分为15分，阅卷标准分为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分和14分。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准。对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。第1页/共45页2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误比较多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，

2、内容丰富，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误。白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达，则应判为0分。另外，字数不足，也酌情扣分，如累计字数为110119扣1分，100109扣2分，9099扣3分，7079扣5分，5059扣7分，少于49扣9分。累计字数不包括题目中给出的主题句、起始句和结尾句中的字数。如果字数不少，但段落数不够，也酌情扣分。比如在要求写三段的作文中只写了一段，只能得04分；只写两段，只能得09分。第2页/共45页2.十二句作文法一、审题二、确定主题句三、确保文章条理清楚四、保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法第3页/共45页2010年6月Dueattenti

3、onShouldbegiventospelling2009年12月CreateaGreenCampus2009年6月FreeAdmissiontoMuseums2008年12月LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags2008年6月RecreationalActivities2007年12月WhatElectivestoChoose二历年作文题目第4页/共45页四级常见文体写作议论文-常考 一、校园类话题 2009.12议论文：Creating a Green Campus 二、社会热点话题 2010.12 议论文:How Should Parents Help

4、 Children to Be Independent?三、（新题型）看图作文2013.06看图作文(记叙文，描写文，说明文)-几乎不考应用文写作（书信、启事、海报及通知）第5页/共45页1.审题（1-2mins)2.构思提纲(3-5mins，确定主题)3.写文章(20mins)4.修改检查(5mins)参加写作考试时,由于客观条件的限制以及试题的具体要求,写作步骤可以简化为:第6页/共45页看图作文的写作思路仔细阅读题干，确定写作主题简要描述漫画（who,what,when,where）揭示主题（观点）并加以解释和说明论证；揭示现象(问题)并阐述现象（问题）产生的原因4.给出自己的看法：(a

5、)提出建议，重申观点(b)对如何解决漫画中所反映的问题提出合理建议或总结观点。第7页/共45页Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big.You shoul

6、d write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.四级写作新题型-看图作文2013.06真题第8页/共45页第9页/共45页Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small thing

7、s before undertaking something big.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第10页/共45页看图作文的解题思路应用1.审题（认真阅读写作提示）：漫画信息“express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big”确定写作主题：做任何大事前都应该从小事做起（一屋不扫，何以扫天下。）第11页/共45页2.作文提纲（结构）第一段：简要描写图画内容（who,

8、what,when,where）:父子之间的对话，儿子关注核废料处理（disposalofnuclearwastes）,父亲认为要从小事做起（emptythedustbinfirst）；第12页/共45页DoingBigThingsStartsfromDoingSmallOnes As is vividly revealed in the picture above,the boy expresses his worries about the disposal of nuclear wastes,while the father tells him to empty the dustbin

9、in the room first.The picture reminds us of an old Chinese sayingIf you dont like to do trivial things like cleaning your room,its impossible for you to undertake any important task.第13页/共45页作文提纲（结构）第二段：解释图画深刻含义（揭示主题）并加以解释和说明论证。努力做好小事可以培养做大事所需要的优良品质（developgoodqualitiesneededundertakingimportanttask

10、s）;第14页/共45页 Undoubtedly,the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be that it is vital and necessary to deal with trivial things.Doing small things well may help us develop the good qualities needed in undertaking important tasks,which lays a solid foundation for our future developm

11、ent.Small things would often make the difference between success and failure.We surely know that the want of a horse shoe nail may cause a kingdom to be lost.Therefore,when it comes to the key to success,the most important thing lies in doing every trivial thing well.第15页/共45页作文提纲（结构）第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全

12、文，强调正确的做法）。实现做大事的目标，不仅需要有雄心壮志（thegreatambition）,还需要有从小事踏踏实实做起的实践精神（thepracticalspirit）.第16页/共45页 In one word,to achieve goals needs not merely the great ambition,but the practical spirit of dealing with trivial things.Only in this way can we make the highest eminence.第17页/共45页WritingTechniques在四级看图作

13、文中的应用Test15Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of taking precautions.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第18页/共45页第19页/共

14、45页Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywith abriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceoftakingprecautions.Youshouldwriteatleast 120wordsbutnomorethan180words.第20页/共45页看图作文的解题思路应用1.审题（认真阅读写作提示）：漫画“express your views on the im

15、portance of taking precautions”确定写作主题：To take some measures before something had happened.(未雨绸缪)第21页/共45页2.作文提纲（结构）第22页/共45页 The picture focuses on a person who is standing in front of the sea,watching the tide rising.Above the picture,there is a thought-provoking sentence which tells us that we sho

16、uld take some measures before something had happened.第一段：简要描写图画内容（who,what,when,where），并揭示图画深刻含义（揭示主题）。第23页/共45页第二段：针对图画所表达的观点（主题）进行举例论证 Life is not always full of happiness and fortune.Therefore,we are supposed to be aware of the potential risk and danger.For example,when the economic downturn is a

17、round the corner,an employee with version should analyze the current situation and either learn more to stabilize his position in his company or get ready to find a new job.It would be late should he be laid off with no other job opportunities available.第24页/共45页第三段：总结全文。All in all,it is advisable f

18、or anyone to make precautionary preparations for the unexpected difficulties or disasters in life in advance.第25页/共45页正常情况下，根据考试规定，作文有评分原则，主要依照文章的结构和语言水平进行评分。然而，除此以外，有“两个基本点”我们也需要给予足够的重视闪光点和语法点。在一篇出类拔萃的范文中，我们往往可以看到像高级词汇、提问法、谚语总结法、从句、并列句、插入语、名词化、和被动语态等闪光点；而在一篇低分作文中，基本的语言错误则多得数不胜数。语言第26页/共45页插入语插入语的功能

19、使句子更有跳跃感和地道。第27页/共45页插入语可以是时间，地点，衔接词，同位语，强调语，修饰语，同义复指或从句He finally came,in the last minute,to fulfill his task.Drought,in Southwest China,scorched earthour motherland.Tourism,however,gives rise to a number of problems.Tsunami,a destructive natural disaster,hit Chile without any warning.We are,if not

20、 going backward,making progress.第28页/共45页The parents should spend time on their children,and they should also communicate with them.倒装句以上句话都没有任何错误，但是读来非常平淡，没有任何特色，如果我们用倒装句，出来的效果就完全不一样了。Not only should parents spend time on their children,but also they are advised to interact with them.第29页/共45页The i

21、nteraction of the two shapes a persons personality and indicates how that personality develops.强调句It is the interaction of the two that shapes a persons personality and indicates how that personality develops.第30页/共45页温馨提示(1)大学英语课本三册书共计大约100篇文章，里面的词汇有很多是相同意思、不同表达的，需要我们去总结积累。也就是同一个意思，我们可以变换不同的词语来表达，增

22、添文章的文采。如：“In a degree,this is because.”我们可以换用：“This is due partially to.”而in a degree，我们又可以用in some way,to some extent等来表达；如：“in my opinion”，可以用For my part,from my own perspective来表达；这全都要靠平时的用心积累和灵活运用。第31页/共45页但是大多数人都有一个误区：语言用得越深奥越好，最好用上连老师都不认识的词汇，证明我的词汇量大。这是一个误区，越是冒险乱套词汇（很多时候只是意思看似沾边，但语法词性完全不符合），失分

23、率就越高。第32页/共45页一、连贯性连贯性是写作的一个重要原则。句子之间的链接主要通过衔接词的使用体现连贯性，根据过渡衔接词在篇章中的作用，可分为引介词、承接词和总结词三大类：1.引介词在篇章中担当引出话题或观点的作用，根据其本身的含义，可细分如下：（1）时间词（组）：nowadays,at present,recently,now,lately,in some cases;（2）一般观点词（组）：in general,generally,generally spraking,as we know,as is known to all,as is generally accepted,reg

24、arding,concerning,as for.as to.,as regards;（3）个人观点词（组）：firstly,first of all,in the first place,to begin with,to start with,for one thing,as for me,in my opinion,on the one hand;第33页/共45页2.承接词在篇章中承接主题句或上一个支持句，可表递进或转折，根据其本身的含义，可分如下：纯粹承接词：second(ly),third(ly),foranother,ontheotherhand;递进承接词：besides,ina

25、ddition,inadditionto,furthermore,moreover,namely;并列承接词：meanwhile,atthesametime;原因承接词：because,for,as,inthat,owingto,dueto,onaccountof,onthegroundof,asaresultof;比较承接词：equallyimportant,similarly,likewise,inthesameway,incommon;对比承接词：onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,whereas,instead,conversely;强调承接词：in

26、particular,particularly,mostimportantofall,needlesstosay,especially,aboveall,ontopofallthis;转折让步承接词：although,though,nevertheless,however,but,yet,admittedly,itistrue.but,inspiteof,eventhough,grantedthat,despite,inspiteof,unfortunately,第34页/共45页总结词在篇章中推出结论和后果：(1)结果词：thus,consequently,hence,therefore,a

27、ccordingly,asaconsequence,forthisreason;(2)总结词：inaword,allinall,tosumup,briefly,inbrief,inshort,insummary,undoubtedly,byandlarge,ashasbeennoted.第35页/共45页1、字迹工整。千万别再把“al”写得像“d”那样，单词之间也不要再亲密接触了，留点空隙因为这不仅仅能让你避免蒙受冤屈的噩运，甚至能让你提高至少一个分数段，即使你的语言简单，内容不够充实也不至于得低分。牢记在心：字迹工整，卷面清洁！四写作心得与注意事项第36页/共45页2、检查，检查，再检查！不

28、要犯canbeabletodo,heknow,havecame，gotohome等等低级错误，记住：越是低级的错误却往往越是致命的！绝不是危言耸听，如果阅卷老师在那仅有的几秒里看到了一个此类错误，那么，他的印象只有一个：该考生基本功不扎实。或许你会很冤枉：那只不过是一个小小的笔误啊！阅卷老师更不相信笔误！牢记在心：检查，检查，再检查！第37页/共45页3、切题！切题乃作文之本，一旦跑题(如果不幸被老师看出的话，不过放心，如果没有跑题一般不会被误判的)，那就只剩下安慰分了。为了避免此种情况发生，还是不要过于标新立异，阅卷老师不会太关心你的中心思想的。高分的作文并不赢在立意上，而是在语言和句式上！

29、切记：不要标新立异！第38页/共45页4、长度适中！要求150字左右，不要写太短，免得字数不够。我估计字数大家都不会成问题，我在这里要强调的是：字数可千万别写太多了。要知道，应试作文，按照要求去做是最实惠的。第39页/共45页特别说说修改的方法：在考试中,由于时间紧,考生心理紧张,再加上平时练习不够,考生很容易在写作中出现一些简单的,不应该出现的语言错误,因此考生在写完作文后,应尽量抽出时间全面检查是否有语言错误,例如:1)主谓语是否一致；2)动词时态是否有误；3)名词的单、复数是否有错；4)有些表达是否属于“汉语式英语”；5)词序安排是否得当；6)有没有不完整的句子；7)拼写是否有错；8)标

30、点符号以及大小写是否有错。值得一提的是,修改定稿阶段,应特别检查短文是否使用了自己没有把握的词、句及句子结构,是否有的词、句是自己从中文里硬译过来的,如果有的话,应尽量换用地道的英语表达方法或避免使用它们。第40页/共45页以下是各种开头写法常用的句型。以下是各种开头写法常用的句型。【得心应手】【得心应手】【得心应手】一、常用提出概括的句型。一、常用提出概括的句型。In general,the situation is still serious.Bright side and dark side of have been summarized as follows.Different peo

31、ple have different opinions（ideas）about In daily life,we often meet with various situations concerning People enjoy several benefits from 1.Different attitudes towards may be listed as follows.第41页/共45页二、常用点明主题的句型。二、常用点明主题的句型。It has been said that In my opinion,it is right to In a certain sense,It i

32、s quite clear that.三、常用介绍评述对象的句型。三、常用介绍评述对象的句型。refer to may be described as 1.1.can be defined as 开头写法常用的句型。开头写法常用的句型。第42页/共45页四、常用提出问题的句型。四、常用提出问题的句型。What has caused the problem?Have you ever thought about the factors which can be attributed to the phenomenon?What is the nature of?What are the caus

33、es of this new phenomenon?1._ now plays such an influential part in peoples lives that it is essential for us to try to decide whether it is a blessing(福福)or a curse(祸祸).Obviously _ has both bright side and dark side.But does the former outweigh the latter?开头写法常用的句型。开头写法常用的句型。第43页/共45页 下面的开篇句子虽然不是一个

34、问句，但它实际上提出了一下面的开篇句子虽然不是一个问句，但它实际上提出了一个问题，因此也可以归入这一类型。个问题，因此也可以归入这一类型。6.It has never been explained why 7.No one could explain why 六、引用名人名言或谚语俗语开头时，常用以下句型。六、引用名人名言或谚语俗语开头时，常用以下句型。An ancient Chinese saying goes,“”.As an English proverb exposes one truth,“”.A motto(箴言，座右铭箴言，座右铭)reads,“”.1.A famous philosopher once said,“”.开头写法常用的句型。开头写法常用的句型。第44页/共45页感谢您的观看！第45页/共45页